WO1986002537A1 - Procede et dispositif pour la preparation d'une boisson, notamment de cafe - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour la preparation d'une boisson, notamment de cafe Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO1986002537A1
WO1986002537A1 PCT/CH1985/000160 CH8500160W WO8602537A1 WO 1986002537 A1 WO1986002537 A1 WO 1986002537A1 CH 8500160 W CH8500160 W CH 8500160W WO 8602537 A1 WO8602537 A1 WO 8602537A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
capsule
beverage
container
perforating
water
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CH1985/000160
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Fritz Ingold
Original Assignee
Fritz Ingold
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Fritz Ingold filed Critical Fritz Ingold
Publication of WO1986002537A1 publication Critical patent/WO1986002537A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/24—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure
    • A47J31/34—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure
    • A47J31/36—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means
    • A47J31/3666—Coffee-making apparatus in which hot water is passed through the filter under pressure, i.e. in which the coffee grounds are extracted under pressure with hot water under liquid pressure with mechanical pressure-producing means whereby the loading of the brewing chamber with the brewing material is performed by the user
    • A47J31/3676—Cartridges being employed
    • A47J31/369—Impermeable cartridges being employed
    • A47J31/3695—Cartridge perforating means for creating the hot water inlet
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J31/00—Apparatus for making beverages
    • A47J31/06—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor
    • A47J31/0657—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor for brewing coffee under pressure, e.g. for espresso machines
    • A47J31/0668—Filters or strainers for coffee or tea makers ; Holders therefor for brewing coffee under pressure, e.g. for espresso machines specially adapted for cartridges
    • A47J31/0673—Means to perforate the cartridge for creating the beverage outlet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and to a device for producing a beverage with a water container or a water connection, wherein a capsule containing an at least partially soluble substance is perforated on its top and bottom, and after the perforation, the capsule arranged in a device for producing a beverage is flowed through by a medium dissolving the capsule contents. Furthermore, the invention relates to a capsule with an at least partially soluble substance for producing a beverage.
  • FIG. 3 shows a capsule for receiving the substance used to produce the beverage
  • FIG. 5 and 6 a further embodiment of the invention, wherein a perforating device for the capsule is shown in FIG. 5 and the capsule during the brewing process in FIG. 6.
  • a coffee machine 1 is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 1. It essentially comprises a lower part 2, a middle part 3 and an upper part 4.
  • the lower part 2 serves to hold a coffee cup 5, and a cup warmer can also be provided in the lower part 2.
  • a water container and a heating device for the water are provided in the upper part 4.
  • a feed line 8 leads from the upper part 4 to a shower 9 attached above the guide link.
  • a pivotable perforation flap 10 is provided below the guide link 6.
  • a slide 11 is provided for removing the used capsules 7. - 3 -
  • the shower 9 is connected to the supply line 8 for supplying the water vapor or hot water. It is circular in cross section and widened relative to the feed line 8.
  • Regularly distributed tubes 12 are provided on their underside over the entire surface of the same.
  • the tubes 12 are tapered at their lower ends 13.
  • the perforating flap 10 is arranged so as to be pivotable about an axis 14 and, on its underside, likewise has conically shaped pins 15 which are regularly distributed over its surface.
  • the capsule 7 with the coffee powder 16 is provided between the shower 9 and the flap 10.
  • the lid 19 applied gas-tight to the container 18 of the capsule lies below the perforating flap 10.
  • the capsule 7 is shown with the container part 18 and the lid 19.
  • the capsule is preferably made of aluminum, both the container part 18 and the lid part 19 being made of this metal.
  • the bottom 20 of the container part 18 and the lid must be designed with a wall thickness such that they are separated from the tapered tubes 12 of the shower 9 or. the pins 15 of the perforating flap 10 can be easily perforated.
  • the capsule is automatically filled with the coffee powder or another substance that can be used to produce a drink, stuffed if necessary, and hermetically sealed with the lid under vacuum or with the use of a protective gas and provided with a flavoring and the expiry date.
  • the finished capsules are poured freely and randomly into a collecting container, which is also filled with protective gas against oxidation, which is caused by the oxygen present in the ambient air.
  • the collecting container is hermetically sealed, which ensures an additional extension of the shelf life.
  • the size of the multipack depends on the consumer. Large cardboard boxes with a relatively small turnover, once opened, are advantageously placed in a chest filled with protective gas.
  • FIG. 4 shows several coffee machines 1 in a modular system. By lining up several coffee machines, every power requirement can be covered. The power requirement is very different depending on the user of the coffee machine, for example an individual household or a company canteen.
  • the coffee machine 1 can also be additionally provided with a cup warmer 21 in the modular system. Instead of a water container 22, a water connection could also be provided on the top of the coffee machine.
  • the method for producing the beverage in particular a coffee with a coffee machine for use in a household, is described below.
  • a cup with a quantity of water which corresponds to the desired quantity of beverage is poured into the water container provided in the upper part 4 of the container.
  • the cup itself is placed on the lower part 2 of the coffee machine below the feed element 8.
  • a capsule containing coffee powder (small portion pack) is inserted into the guide 7.
  • the entire brewing or dissolving process of the capsule contents now takes place fully automatically.
  • the perforating flap 10 with the pins 15 is pivoted through 180 ° from the rest position into the active position, perforates the capsule lid 19 and then swivels back into the rest position.
  • the conical pins 15 are more or less pressed into the cover.
  • the size of the diameter of the perforated holes 23 in the lid 19 depends on the size of the ground coffee.
  • the shower 9 is lowered with the tubes 12 tapered at their lower ends, the Pierce the tube through the base of the capsule.
  • the perforating flap 10 is again in its rest position, hot water flows through the shower 9 into the capsule 7, the capsule content 16 being scalded or dissolved.
  • the amount of steam or water and the brewing time can be regulated continuously.
  • the shower 9 automatically returns to the starting position and the cup with the drink can be removed from the lower part 2 of the coffee machine. The whole process runs fully automatically.
  • the completion of the brewing process is indicated by an LED 24.
  • To fill the next cup an unused capsule is pushed in, the used capsule sliding over the chute 11 into a waste container.
  • Machines for commercial operation are connected to a water pipe and the amount of water can be proportioned electronically according to the desired concentration.
  • the described device, the method and the piping allow coffee to be set up in the most convenient way in the shortest possible time.
  • the special design of the capsule has the advantage that the coffee is long, i.e. a year or more, can be kept and remains fully aromatic. Another advantage is that each person using the coffee machine can prepare their own coffee if a number of capsules with different flavors are available. In contrast to conventional espresso coffee machines, no container for the coffee powder has to be emptied and cleaned.
  • the capsule could also be made of plastic, paper, etc., but the production of the same from aluminum has the advantage that the aroma substances of the coffee are best preserved.
  • the lid 19 could also be made of a different material than the container lower part 18. By filling a protective gas into the capsule, the shelf life of the contents is extended.
  • 5 and 6 show another embodiment of the method, respectively. the device for producing a beverage.
  • 5 shows a perforating device for the capsule 7. It has a lower part 26 provided with pins 25 and an upper part 28 also provided with perforating pins 27.
  • the lower and the upper part are each with a capsule wiper 29. 30 provided.
  • the wipers 29 and 30 are spring-loaded with not shown fastening elements and springs on the lower and. attached upper part.
  • This perforating device can be provided on the coffee machine itself.
  • the capsule 7 is either manually or automatically by a downward movement of the. Flange 8 perforated.
  • the capsule 7 according to FIG. 6 is pushed manually or automatically onto a holder 32 provided with holes 31.
  • the capsule is enclosed by a bell 33, which is lowered from above over the capsule, the hot brewing water being supplied via a feed 34.
  • the coffee flows down through the holes 31 into the cup, not shown, located under the holder 32.
  • a switching lever is preferably provided, normal coffee being prepared in one position and espresso coffee in the other.
  • the capsule could also be perforated beforehand, in which case the perforated surfaces would be covered with a peelable film. The film would be removed before the beverage was brewed. Such a capsule ' would preserve the aroma substances of the contents less well than the one previously described.

Abstract

La machine à café comprend une douche (9) reliée à une conduite d'amenée (8) d'eau chaude ou de vapeur d'eau. Des petits tubes (12) font saillie régulièrement de la face inférieure de la douche (9). Leur extrémité (13) est effilée. Une capsule (7) pourvue d'un couvercle (19) et contenant du café en poudre (16) est placée au-dessous de la douche. Un clapet de perforation (10) est disposé au-dessous de la capsule (7). L'une de ses faces porte, régulièrement disposées, des chevilles perforantes coniques (15). Pour préparer une tasse de café, le clapet (10) est basculé de façon à venir percer le couvercle (19) de la capsule puis est remis à sa position de repos. La douche (9) est abaissée provoquant le perçage du fond de la capsule par les petits tubes (12). Aussitôt que le clapet (10) a repris sa position de départ, le contenu de la capsule est ébouillanté et dissous par la vapeur ou l'eau chaude. Une portion individuelle de boisson peut ainsi être aisément, proprement et rapidement préparée. Les capsules de poudre de café peuvent être conservées longtemps sans altération du contenu et sans perte de l'arome.
PCT/CH1985/000160 1984-11-02 1985-11-04 Procede et dispositif pour la preparation d'une boisson, notamment de cafe WO1986002537A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5263/84-2 1984-11-02
CH526384 1984-11-02

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1986002537A1 true WO1986002537A1 (fr) 1986-05-09

Family

ID=4290676

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/CH1985/000160 WO1986002537A1 (fr) 1984-11-02 1985-11-04 Procede et dispositif pour la preparation d'une boisson, notamment de cafe

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0199770A1 (fr)
AU (1) AU5064285A (fr)
WO (1) WO1986002537A1 (fr)

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0516168A2 (fr) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-02 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd Distributeur automatique
EP0521188A1 (fr) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-07 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Dispositif permettant l'extraction de cartouches
WO1994002059A1 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1994-02-03 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Procede d'extraction de sachets souples fermes et son dispositif
EP0666045A1 (fr) * 1994-02-07 1995-08-09 Blaser Café AG Machine à café
DE10334542A1 (de) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-17 Pav Patentverwertung Kg Brühvorrichtung mit elastischem Element zum Niederhalten des Kaffeepads
EP1510160A1 (fr) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-02 Nestec S.A. Méthode et dispositif pour préparer une boisson à partir de capsules contenant une substance
DE202004007986U1 (de) * 2004-05-18 2005-09-29 Wik Far East Ltd. Heißgetränkezubereitungsvorrichtung
EP1554958A3 (fr) * 2004-01-14 2007-04-04 Saeco International Group S.P.A. Machine à café pour l'infusion de café en poudre contenu dans une capsule
DE102007001609A1 (de) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-10 Spengler Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines inbesondere kohlensäurehaltigen Getränks
EP2243405A1 (fr) 2007-06-05 2010-10-27 Criali Investment SA Capsule pour préparer une boisson et procédé de préparation d'une boisson utilisant une telle capsule
ITGE20100014A1 (it) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-06 Gianluigi Rossi " metodo per il confezionamento sotto vuoto delle cialde contenenti polvere di caffe', cialde cosi' ottenute e dispositivo per la loro erogazione ".
WO2012077066A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide
WO2012080908A1 (fr) 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Capsule pour la préparation d'un produit liquide
WO2014005873A1 (fr) 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Nestec S.A. Procédé de conditionnement d'une boisson en poudre dans une capsule de boisson
WO2014005872A1 (fr) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Nestec S.A. Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'une capsule de boisson
WO2014097039A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche de préparation d'un produit liquide et son procédé de production
WO2014128658A1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche, machine et système de préparation de boissons et procédé de fabrication de la cartouche
WO2014188285A1 (fr) 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Procédé, ensemble d'infusion, et cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide
US9084509B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2015-07-21 Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. In or relating to beverage preparation machines
WO2015162468A1 (fr) 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Caffitaly System S.P.A. Appareil et procédé de fabrication de boisson à l'aide d'une substance alimentaire en poudre contenue dans une capsule
WO2015193774A1 (fr) 2014-06-18 2015-12-23 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide et son procédé de production
WO2016103104A1 (fr) 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche permettant la préparation de produits liquides
US9725231B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2017-08-08 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. System, method and capsule for preparing a beverage
US10244887B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2019-04-02 Qbo Coffee Gmbh Capsule for an extraction material, method for producing the capsule, and device for brewing coffee
WO2022240100A1 (fr) 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 동서식품주식회사 Appareil de préparation de boisson comprenant un élément de transformation de forme, et procédé de préparation de boisson au moyen de celui-ci
WO2022240099A1 (fr) 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 동서식품주식회사 Capsule déformable, procédé de préparation de boisson utilisant celle-ci, et système de préparation de boisson comprenant celle-ci

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110203495B (zh) * 2019-06-03 2023-12-22 口碑(上海)信息技术有限公司 即制饮品生产设备

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2778739A (en) * 1954-07-16 1957-01-22 Sealpak Corp Package for beverage infusion material
US3403617A (en) * 1967-11-20 1968-10-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for piercing containers for use in beverage producing machines
DE1404799A1 (de) * 1959-02-06 1968-12-12 Sealpack Corp Verfahren und Geraet zum Herstellen von geweisstem Kaffee
DE2326919A1 (de) * 1972-05-24 1973-12-13 Jacobs Joh & Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zur portionsweisen, maschinellen zubereitung von gefilterten kaffeegetraenken
EP0041931A1 (fr) * 1980-06-11 1981-12-16 UNOPER S.r.l. Machine à préparer et à distribuer des boissons à partir de cartouches contenant les produits nécessaires

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2778739A (en) * 1954-07-16 1957-01-22 Sealpak Corp Package for beverage infusion material
DE1404799A1 (de) * 1959-02-06 1968-12-12 Sealpack Corp Verfahren und Geraet zum Herstellen von geweisstem Kaffee
US3403617A (en) * 1967-11-20 1968-10-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Apparatus for piercing containers for use in beverage producing machines
DE2326919A1 (de) * 1972-05-24 1973-12-13 Jacobs Joh & Co Verfahren und vorrichtung zur portionsweisen, maschinellen zubereitung von gefilterten kaffeegetraenken
EP0041931A1 (fr) * 1980-06-11 1981-12-16 UNOPER S.r.l. Machine à préparer et à distribuer des boissons à partir de cartouches contenant les produits nécessaires

Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0516168A2 (fr) * 1991-05-31 1992-12-02 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd Distributeur automatique
EP0516168A3 (en) * 1991-05-31 1993-02-03 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Automatic vending machine
EP0521188A1 (fr) * 1991-07-05 1993-01-07 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Dispositif permettant l'extraction de cartouches
WO1994002059A1 (fr) * 1992-07-20 1994-02-03 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Procede d'extraction de sachets souples fermes et son dispositif
AU671650B2 (en) * 1992-07-20 1996-09-05 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Extraction method for sealed flexible bags and device therefor
EP0666045A1 (fr) * 1994-02-07 1995-08-09 Blaser Café AG Machine à café
DE10334542A1 (de) * 2003-07-29 2005-02-17 Pav Patentverwertung Kg Brühvorrichtung mit elastischem Element zum Niederhalten des Kaffeepads
WO2005020768A1 (fr) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-10 Nestec S.A. Methode et dispositif pour preparer une boisson a partir de capsules contenant une substance
US7650831B2 (en) 2003-08-25 2010-01-26 Nestec S.A. Method and device for preparation of a drink from capsules containing a substance
AU2004267919B2 (en) * 2003-08-25 2010-11-11 Nestec S.A. Method and device for preparation of a drink from capsules containing a substance
EP1510160A1 (fr) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-02 Nestec S.A. Méthode et dispositif pour préparer une boisson à partir de capsules contenant une substance
EP2446791A3 (fr) * 2004-01-14 2012-08-15 Saeco International Group S.P.A. Machine à café pour l'infusion de café en poudre contenu dans une capsule
EP1554958A3 (fr) * 2004-01-14 2007-04-04 Saeco International Group S.P.A. Machine à café pour l'infusion de café en poudre contenu dans une capsule
DE202004007986U1 (de) * 2004-05-18 2005-09-29 Wik Far East Ltd. Heißgetränkezubereitungsvorrichtung
DE102007001609A1 (de) * 2007-01-04 2008-07-10 Spengler Gmbh & Co. Kg Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung eines inbesondere kohlensäurehaltigen Getränks
US9907432B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2018-03-06 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Beverage preparation machines
US9084509B2 (en) 2007-05-18 2015-07-21 Kraft Foods R & D, Inc. In or relating to beverage preparation machines
US9380800B2 (en) 2007-06-05 2016-07-05 Caffitaly System S.P.A. Method for preparing a drink and capsule for application of this method
US8839710B2 (en) 2007-06-05 2014-09-23 Caffitaly System S.P.A. Method for preparing a drink and apparatus and capsule for application of this method
EP2243405A1 (fr) 2007-06-05 2010-10-27 Criali Investment SA Capsule pour préparer une boisson et procédé de préparation d'une boisson utilisant une telle capsule
US9725231B2 (en) 2008-01-29 2017-08-08 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. System, method and capsule for preparing a beverage
ITGE20100014A1 (it) * 2010-02-05 2011-08-06 Gianluigi Rossi " metodo per il confezionamento sotto vuoto delle cialde contenenti polvere di caffe', cialde cosi' ottenute e dispositivo per la loro erogazione ".
US10244887B2 (en) 2010-05-04 2019-04-02 Qbo Coffee Gmbh Capsule for an extraction material, method for producing the capsule, and device for brewing coffee
WO2012077066A1 (fr) 2010-12-10 2012-06-14 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide
US10787310B2 (en) 2010-12-10 2020-09-29 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartridge for preparing a liquid product
WO2012080908A1 (fr) 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Capsule pour la préparation d'un produit liquide
US9422104B2 (en) 2010-12-14 2016-08-23 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartridge for preparing a liquid product
AU2013286098B2 (en) * 2012-07-04 2017-03-02 Nestec S.A. Method for packaging a beverage powder in a beverage capsule
CN104395194A (zh) * 2012-07-04 2015-03-04 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 用于制作饮料胶囊的方法和设备
WO2014005873A1 (fr) 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Nestec S.A. Procédé de conditionnement d'une boisson en poudre dans une capsule de boisson
WO2014005872A1 (fr) * 2012-07-04 2014-01-09 Nestec S.A. Procédé et appareil de fabrication d'une capsule de boisson
WO2014097039A1 (fr) 2012-12-21 2014-06-26 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche de préparation d'un produit liquide et son procédé de production
WO2014128658A1 (fr) 2013-02-22 2014-08-28 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche, machine et système de préparation de boissons et procédé de fabrication de la cartouche
US10947034B2 (en) 2013-02-22 2021-03-16 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartridge, machine and system for the preparation of beverages and process for manufacturing the cartridge
WO2014188285A1 (fr) 2013-05-21 2014-11-27 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Procédé, ensemble d'infusion, et cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide
WO2015162468A1 (fr) 2014-04-23 2015-10-29 Caffitaly System S.P.A. Appareil et procédé de fabrication de boisson à l'aide d'une substance alimentaire en poudre contenue dans une capsule
WO2015193774A1 (fr) 2014-06-18 2015-12-23 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide et son procédé de production
EP3388363A1 (fr) 2014-06-18 2018-10-17 Luigi Lavazza S.p.A. Cartouche pour la préparation d'un produit liquide et son procédé de production
WO2016103104A1 (fr) 2014-12-22 2016-06-30 Luigi Lavazza S.P.A. Cartouche permettant la préparation de produits liquides
WO2022240100A1 (fr) 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 동서식품주식회사 Appareil de préparation de boisson comprenant un élément de transformation de forme, et procédé de préparation de boisson au moyen de celui-ci
WO2022240099A1 (fr) 2021-05-10 2022-11-17 동서식품주식회사 Capsule déformable, procédé de préparation de boisson utilisant celle-ci, et système de préparation de boisson comprenant celle-ci

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5064285A (en) 1986-05-15
EP0199770A1 (fr) 1986-11-05

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