Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring contours or curvatures
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
  • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
  • G01B11/02—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring length, width or thickness

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improvement in a device for measuring a perimeter of a graphic displayed on an image display device, and more particularly to an improvement in a graphic perimeter measuring device using a polygonal approximation method.
• a quantized figure that resembles the original figure in an S-shape is created by extracting the outline and contours of the original figure, and calculating the perimeter of the approximated polygon to calculate the perimeter of the original figure. Seeking an approximate value for length.
• One way to race an original figure is to display it on a display and then use a coordinate input device such as a track pole, joystick, tablet, or pen to make a human race. Widely used.
• One side of the contour of the created approximate polygon is composed of one line segment in eight directions, and the sum of the lengths of all sides of this polygon is the approximate value around the original figure.
• the measurement error due to the polygonal approximation includes the error due to the unevenness of the corners of the approximated polygon and the error between the (pixel) for quantization and the actual contour.
• the error due to the corners of the approximate polygon increases as the pixel is made finer, while the error due to misalignment increases as the pixel is made coarser. Due to these two contradictory error factors, there is a limit to the error reduction of such an approximation method.
• an approximation polygon that connects pixels that are some distance apart rather than a polygon that connects the centers of two adjacent pixels in a digital figure
• the error is reduced on average compared to the above method, but on the contrary, the error may be increased depending on the shape and size of the original figure.
• the contour of the original pattern is compared with some basic patterns prepared in advance, the closest pattern is adopted, and the perimeter of this basic pattern is obtained. This method has been widely used recently. However, the applicable patterns are limited by the basic pattern, and if the number of basic patterns is increased, the amount of data to be stored will be enormous.
• a technique for making the contour of the approximate polygon as close as possible to the contour of the original figure is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 57-74609. This technique is to sample the coordinates of a probe that is operated by a human to trace the contour of the original figure at a constant period according to the clock signal, and sample these coordinates and these coordinates. The line segment connecting the lines is displayed or recorded by a display device or a recording device. According to this technique, as is the case with human operations, the approximate polygons have many bends because they slowly race where there are many bends in the vergence of the original figure and quickly when there are few bends.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a perimeter measuring apparatus capable of obtaining the perimeter of an approximate polygon having each side of a variable-length line segment adapted to the shape of an original figure by a simple calculation mechanism. is there.
• the present invention provides a display screen in which the ⁇ -shape of the original figure displayed on the screen of the display device is raced by a manually operated girder-race race means, and the ⁇ -clause race means is generated.
• the change amount of each component of the above two-dimensional coordinate is counted by force counter, and this counter
• the count value is determined by the clock cycle-Periodically, it is read by the perimeter calculation circuit and reset to 0, and the read count value is used to calculate the line segment length.
• the perimeter of the original figure is calculated by the picture length of the line segment.
• FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a graphic perimeter measuring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
• Figure 2 shows an example of measurement by the device of the present invention.
• Figure 3 shows a time chart of the measurement example.
• a rack ball 1 is connected to a coordinate calculation circuit 2 and an XY counter 3.
• a coordinate memory 4 is connected to the coordinate calculation circuit 2.
• the perimeter calculation circuit 5 is connected to the x Y counter 3.
• a clock signal source 6 and a peripheral length memory 7 are connected to the peripheral length calculation circuit 5.
• Perimeter memory 7 is connected to Character 1: 1: Element 8.
• the coordinate operation circuit 2 and the character generator 8 are connected to the video memory 9.
• a digital / analog converter (hereinafter DZA converter) 10 is connected to the video memory 9, and a CRT display device 1 1 is connected to the D ZA converter 10.
• An image pickup device 1 is connected to the CRT display device 1 ⁇ . 2 is connected.
• the rack rack pole 1 is equipped with a signal generation circuit and generates a pulse signal according to the rotation of the rack rack ball.
• This pulse signal contains ⁇ ⁇ (rotation to the right), X— (rotation to the left), y + (rotation to the up), and y— depending on the rotation direction of the rack rack 1.
• the coordinate calculating circuit 2 calculates the force on the CRT display device ⁇ 1 moved by the rack rack 1--the digital coordinate of the sol, based on the pulse signal and the stored contents of the coordinate memory 4.
• the coordinate memory 4 stores the coordinates of the cursor calculated by the coordinate calculation circuit 2.
• the XY counter 3 counts the four types of pulse signals generated by the rack rack 1.
• the perimeter calculation circuit 5 receives the clock signal from the clock signal source 6 each time
• ⁇ ⁇ Counter 3 count value is set to 0.
• a perimeter calculation circuit 5 is realized by, for example, a microprocessor.
• the clock signal source 6 generates a clock signal with a constant period.
• the perimeter memory 7 stores the perimeter calculated by the perimeter calculation circuit 5.
• the character generator 8 generates a character signal for displaying the contents stored in the perimeter memory 7 on the CR T display device 1 1 in numerical form.
• the video memory 9 stores the force-sol image signal at the address ffl 3 ⁇ 4 at the coordinate calculated by the coordinate calculation circuit 2, and stores the character signal generated by the character generator 8 at an appropriate address.
• the image signal and the character signal are given to the CRT display device 11 as an analog luminance signal through the DZA comparator 1Q.
• the force-sol is displayed at the position on the screen specified by the coordinate information, and the number corresponding to the character signal is displayed at an appropriate position on the display screen.
• the imaging device ⁇ ! 2 images the object whose perimeter is to be determined and displays it on the CRT display device 1-.
• This device basically uses the polygonal approximation method.
• the figure to measure the perimeter is imaged by the imaging device ⁇ 2, and this is displayed on the CRT display device ⁇ .
• the figure displayed on this CRT display device 11 is the original figure for perimeter measurement.
• the operator races the contour of this original figure by moving the force sol with the rack rack ⁇ .
• the rack rack 1 outputs a pulse signal to the coordinate calculation circuit 2 and the XY counter 3 with the 0 rotation.
• Coordinate operation circuit 2 The digital coordinate information is updated based on the output pulse signal, and this digital coordinate information is displayed on the CRT display device 11 as a moving cursor through the video memory 9 and the DZA converter ⁇ 0.
• the output pulse signal of the rack rack ⁇ is measured by the XY counter 3.
• the count values ⁇ +, ⁇ —, y T, y — of the XY counter 3 are read by the perimeter length calculation circuit 5 at a constant cycle according to the clock, and then reset to 0.
• the perimeter calculation circuit 5 uses the count value read from the XY counter 3 to calculate the segment length S by the following equation. Calculate one-'
• Fig. 2 shows an example of segment measurement such as .., and its time chart is shown in Fig. 3.
• Fig. 3 show that the convergence boundary line T is raced by the cursor moved by the rack rack ⁇
• the figure shows the case where the clock signal is generated at the time of the race of the positions of P Q , P 5 and P 9 .
• the trace of force-sol is displayed on the CRT display device 11 according to the race, but what is required to measure the perimeter is the pixel where the cursor is at the time when the CJC signal is generated. Only P 0 , P 5 and P 9 . Therefore, the ⁇ contour line T is approximated by the two-segmented lace line C.
• AS ⁇ ] be the segment of the first clock period and S 2 be the segment length of the second clock period.
• the unit is a relative unit where the interval of pixels is ⁇ .
• Such a segment length is sequentially calculated from the start to the end of measurement and accumulated in the perimeter memory 7 to obtain the perimeter of the original figure.
• the length of one side of the approximate polygon obtained by lacing the original figure is measured by the segment moved at fixed time intervals. There is. Therefore, the length of the segment changes depending on the human race speed. That is, the length of the segment is short in the part where the race speed is low, and conversely, the length is long in the part where the race speed is fast. This is because when a human races a certain figure, the race speed is high for the part with a large radius of curvature and the straight line part, and slow for the part with a small radius of curvature and the complex part. Can be used.
• one side with a large radius of curvature has a long length, and Approximate polygons can be created such that the length of one side of the short part is short, and it is possible to reduce the error when measuring the circumference of various types of figures. Then, such a device is realized by the present invention with a simple configuration.
• the error can be further reduced.
• the present invention can be implemented by any type of racing device such as a joystick, a tablet, a light pen, etc. in addition to the rack rack ball.
• the present invention enables highly accurate perimeter measurement of a figure without being affected by the shape.
• medical applications such as quantitative measurement of morphological abnormalities, geographical applications such as topographical measurement by aerial photography, engineering applications such as CAD, etc. can be considered, and they have effects in a wide range of fields. .
• Claim display means having a display screen ( ⁇ 1>,
• the image display means races the outline of the original figure displayed on the display screen by manual operation, and outputs the variation signals of each component of the two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of the raced part. And the means of racing ( ⁇ )
• the count value for each component of the two-dimensional coordinate of the counting means is read at fixed time intervals determined by the clock signal, and the count values are reset to 0, and based on the read count value, the polygonal shape approximated to the original figure is read.
• An apparatus for measuring the perimeter of a figure comprising:
• the race means generates a change signal of each component of the two-dimensional coordinates for a change in one direction and a change in the opposite direction.
• the counting means counts the change signals in the opposite directions of the change signals of the respective components of the two-dimensional coordinates output by the above-mentioned lace means,
• the perimeter calculating means calculates the length of a piece of polygon approximated to the present figure based on the difference between the count values of the two-dimensional coordinate components read from the counting means in opposite directions. Is,
• a device for measuring the perimeter of a figure in the scope of claims is a device for measuring the perimeter of a figure in the scope of claims.
• the image display means races the outline of the original figure displayed on the display screen by manual operation, and outputs each variation signal of each component of the two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of the race part.
• the means of racing (1) is the image display means races the outline of the original figure displayed on the display screen by manual operation, and outputs each variation signal of each component of the two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of the race part.
• the count value for each component of the two-dimensional coordinates of the counting means is read at fixed time intervals determined by the clock signal, and the count values are reset to 0, and the original figure is approximated based on the read count value.
• An apparatus for measuring the perimeter of a figure comprising:
• the cursor display means is.
• the coordinate calculating means for obtaining the two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of the part where the lacing means is lacing, and the address corresponding to the coordinates obtained by this coordinate calculating means.
• Pide-age memory means for storing cursor image information
• a digital analog conversion means for converting the force image information stored in the video memory means into an analog luminance signal and supplying it to the image display means;
• the count value for each component of the two-dimensional coordinate of the counting means is read at fixed time intervals determined by the clock signal, and the count values are reset to 0, and based on the read count value, the polygonal shape approximated to the original figure is read.
• An apparatus for measuring the perimeter of a figure comprising:
• the perimeter display means The perimeter display means
• a perimeter measurement value is given from the perimeter calculation means, and this measurement value is converted into a character signal for numerical display.
• a video memory means for storing a character signal given from the character generator means
• Digital-analog conversion means for supplying the character signal stored in the video memory means to the image display means as an analog luminance signal
• a device for measuring the perimeter of a graphic according to claim 8 including.
• the image display means races the outline of the original figure displayed on the display screen by manual operation, and outputs the variation signals of each component of the two-dimensional coordinates on the display screen of the raced part. And the means of racing ( ⁇ )
• the count value for each component of the two-dimensional coordinates of the counting means is read at fixed time intervals determined by the clock signal, and they are reset to 0, and the original figure is approximated based on the read measured value.
• ⁇ operation that calculates the length of a polygon piece and successively accumulates and adds the calculated values each time? Steps (5), (6), (7.),
• An apparatus for measuring the perimeter of a figure comprising:

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Image Analysis (AREA)
• Measurement Of Length, Angles, Or The Like Using Electric Or Magnetic Means (AREA)
• Processing Or Creating Images (AREA)
• Position Input By Displaying (AREA)
• Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

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Citations (5)

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• 1983
  • 1983-11-18 JP JP58217454A patent/JPS60110084A/ja active Granted
• 1984
  • 1984-11-15 WO PCT/JP1984/000549 patent/WO1985002252A1/ja not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (5)

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