WO1985001962A1 - Abrasive resistant white cast iron - Google Patents

Abrasive resistant white cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
WO1985001962A1
WO1985001962A1 PCT/US1983/001656 US8301656W WO8501962A1 WO 1985001962 A1 WO1985001962 A1 WO 1985001962A1 US 8301656 W US8301656 W US 8301656W WO 8501962 A1 WO8501962 A1 WO 8501962A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cast iron
composition
present
molten cast
carbides
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US1983/001656
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Wallace Day
Original Assignee
Giw Industries, Inc.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giw Industries, Inc. filed Critical Giw Industries, Inc.
Priority to DE19833390548 priority Critical patent/DE3390548T1/de
Priority to GB08515282A priority patent/GB2158462B/en
Priority to EP19830903718 priority patent/EP0159981A4/en
Priority to NL8320359A priority patent/NL8320359A/nl
Priority to PCT/US1983/001656 priority patent/WO1985001962A1/en
Priority to CH2839/85A priority patent/CH666908A5/fr
Priority to JP58503752A priority patent/JPS60501958A/ja
Publication of WO1985001962A1 publication Critical patent/WO1985001962A1/en

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cast iron and more particularly to the improvement in the toughness and abrasive resistance of white cast iron along with a significant increase in tensile strength. More specifically, the present invention relates to a new white cast iron composition and a process for producing such cast iron having improved toughness, ductility and tensile strength while retaining desirable abrasive resistance through modification of the carbide morphology.
  • Alloy white cast iron is well known to be a highly wear- resistant material formed with a carbon content generally recognized to be in excess of 1 1/2% and the capability of being alloyed with other metals, usually chromium, to combine with the carbon to form a compound of iron-chromium carbide such as M ⁇ C .
  • the inherent abrasive resistance of unalloyed cast iron is adequate to meet its intended use and therefore does not pose a problem to the user.
  • the cast iron forming an industrial apparatus is subjected to particular kinds of wear the inherent mechanical properties of cast iron leave much to be desired.
  • abrasive particles In another type of wear often referred to as high stress abrasion, abrasive particles, such as may be encountered in a mining operation, are crushed under grinding influence of moving metal surfaces. Stress levels involved in this operative wear process as occur typically in castings used for grinding, crushing rolls or mill liners often exceed the stress capabilities of the conventional cast iron leading to equipment failure.
  • the abrasive operation to which the cast iron surfaces of the equipment are subjected are not severe stressful conditions, but yet, require high abrasive resistance.
  • the gouging or grooving wear that is associated with a severe shock load requires a toughness that cast iron typically has not characteristically possessed in the past.
  • a manganese steel with high plasticity and toughness has been able to meet the severe shock resistant requirements for material subjected to this type of wear.
  • the hardness and abrasive resistance is usually found to be inadequate to prevent an extremely high rate of wear in the high stress abrasion operation typical in a wide range of pulverizing processes such as a rotary ball mill.
  • chrome molybdenum steel and alloyed white* iron may be used in various types of apparatus depending upon the requirement of toughness and the combination of abrasion resistance required.
  • chromium alloyed irons with or without molybdenum or nickel additions may be used with a desirable high martensitic matrix having a carbide embedment.
  • This invention also has as a further object, a provision of a cast iron that is tough and wear resistant in which the carbides are of smaller than conventional average size and substantially evenly distributed throughout the matrix.
  • the present invention is a unique discovery of an alloy cast iron composition
  • an alloy cast iron composition comprising as a base the element iron, with or without .001% to 30% by weight singly or cumulatively vanadium, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, nickel, copper, tantalum or chromium or mixtures thereof, 2.0 to 4.5% by weight carbon forming an alloy composition and introducing .001% to 4.0% by weight boron to improve wear-resistance, toughness and tensile strength properties.
  • the alloy has a solidification point between 2200 ⁇ F and 2400 ⁇ F and generally is in a range between 2260°F to 2300 ⁇ F. This solidification point is within 15°F of the eutectic temperature of the cast iron with the selected alloying elements.
  • the carbides present in the form of globules that are approaching spherical form and are of a size that average less than 4 microns which is considerably less than the average particle size of carbides in conventional cast iron.
  • an alloy white cast iron containing .001% to 30% vanadium, titanium, niobium, molybdenum, nickel, copper, tantalum or chromium or mixtures thereof and 1.8% to 4.5% carbon forming a molten cast iron composition is provided with an entropy increasing additive such as .001% to 4.0% boron then cooling the molten cast iron composition at least 5 ⁇ F below the equilibrium solidification temperature of between 2200 ⁇ F and 2400°F to a super cooled temperature and thereafter solidifying the molten cast iron composition to produce globular shaped carbides having an average size less than the average conventional cast iron or carbide particle and, on the average, less than 4 microns.
  • the carbide particles may also take the form of needles but whatever appearance they may have microscopically, their long dimension on the average is still at least 10 microns which increases the propensity for crack initiation under stress which often leads to an ultimate apparatus failure.
  • this normal rod or plate geometry of the carbides can be changed into a globular form that approximates a spherical shape producing not only the desired toughness but a significant tensile strength increase.
  • This change in the morphology of the carbides of cast iron has altered the non-ductile, brittle, non-deformable cast iron of the past to one that has the capability of plastic deformation, higher tensile strength with retention of the superior wear-resistant characteristics.
  • the cast iron of the present invention will bend prior to breaking and the stress level to which it is subjected is significantly higher without fracture as compared to prior known cast irons.
  • the cast iron of the present invention is preferably alloyed with chromium but depending upon various additions of vanadium, titanium, niobium, tantalum, nickel, molybdenum or copper from .001% to 30% to substitute for the chromium, the properties of the resultant cast iron vary.
  • the cast iron of the present invention has been found to have a tensile strength as high as 151,000 psi compared to the traditional 50,000 to 60,000 psi tensile strength of prior known cast irons.
  • Typical cast irons have had a 0% elongation characteristic while the present cast iron has a 3% elongation capability.
  • Those skilled in the art would immediately recognize the significant advantages of an increase in elongation or plastic deformation as providing a toughness capability so important in those apparatuses subjected to great wear and shock loading such as, for instance, crushers and pulverizers for the mining industry and also in pumps for the transportion of fluids containing abrasive solids.
  • Cast iron is well recognized to be an iron-carbon comp ⁇ osition that may be alloyed. It is generally recognized in the art that the ⁇ dividing line between cast iron and steel is the solubility of carbon in iron in the solid state. At higher levels of carbon, the carbon would be in the form of free graphite unless it was alloyed.
  • the alloying element used to form carbides in cast iron and to improve various properties is chromium. However, molybdenum, vana- dium, titanium, copper, nickel, niobium and tantalum in any combination may optionally be added to the chromium or sub ⁇ stitute for the chromium.
  • vanadium and niobium may range from .001% to 5%, molybdenum and copper from .001% to 4%, nickel from .001% to 7% and titanium and tantalum range from .001% to 4% with the total in combination with chromium or with chromium alone should be in the range of .001% to 30%.
  • the chromium is in the range of 7% to 29% and more preferably in the ranges of 25% to 28% or 14% to 22% or 7% to 12% which ranges of chromium represent the three major groups of commercial alloy white irons.
  • the carbon content is preferably not less than 1.8% and no more than about 4.5% and preferably in the range of 1.8% to 3% for cast iron with a content of 25% to 28% chromium and 14% to 22% chromium or 2% to 3.5% for 7% to 12% chromium.
  • the typical cast iron compositions outlined above can achieve a changed carbide morphology by the addition of boron generally in the range of .001% to 4% and preferably .01% to 1% and most preferably between .01% to 0.4%. This addition of boron is found to produce globular carbide particles but is more pronounced when the alloyed iron-carbon composition selected is related to the eutectic temperature.
  • the solidification point of pure iron is about 2800°F and as carbon is added, the solidification point decreases.
  • the solidification temperature varies between 2200 ⁇ F and 2400°F varying primarily in accordance with the amount of chromium present but also varying due to the selection of the particular alloying elements. More desirably it is found that the solidification temperature of the alloyed iron-carbon system should be in the range of 2260°F to 2300°F or approximately 2280 ⁇ F plus or minus 10 to 20°F. Any specific cast iron composition with the selected alloying elements present in amounts in accordance with this invention will solidify within 15 ⁇ F of the eutectic temperature for that system of cast irons formed with those particular alloying elements.
  • the alloy cast iron composition of this invention is cooled below the equilibrium solidification temperature into the super cooling range of at least 5 ⁇ F below the equilibrium solidification temperature, when the solidification does occur it is more instantaneous than when super cooling does not take place.
  • the super cooling avoids the usual lengthy period of crystal or particle growth that conventionally occurs. Rather, the solidification is more rapid before the growth of the particles can be achieved.
  • the minute carbide particles instead of agglomerating into rods or plates as occurs in the conventional cast iron do not have the opportunity to agglomerate with the rapid solidification in the alloy cast iron composition of the present invention nor is there a migration of these particles to agglomerate to form a plate or rod so as to produce non-uniformity in the distribution of the carbides. Rather, the uniformity in the carbide distribution is inherent in the melt phase even during the super cooling phase of the alloy
  • a typical cast iron composition containing 27.2% chromium, 2.04% v carbon is an alloy composition with solidification in the range of 2280 ⁇ F which is above the eutectic temperature of about 2263 ⁇ F. With the addition of 0.17% boron the alloy can be super cooled to a temperature of 5 degrees below that equilibrium solidification temperature and to about slightly below 2275 ⁇ F. Between this temperature point and below the equilibrium solidification temperature the melt is super cooled and remains liquid. Further cooling produces carbides having a globular shape that is nearly spherical and of an average particle size of less than 4 microns. The tensile strength of the resulting cast iron is in the range of 151,000 psi with approximately 3% elongation permitted. Such a white cast iron is quite wear-resistant and additionally has improved tensile strength and toughness characteristics that make it particularly useful in high wear and stress operations.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
PCT/US1983/001656 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Abrasive resistant white cast iron WO1985001962A1 (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833390548 DE3390548T1 (de) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Abriebfestes weißes Gußeisen
GB08515282A GB2158462B (en) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Abrasive resistant white cast iron
EP19830903718 EP0159981A4 (en) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 WEAR-RESISTANT WHITE CAST IRON.
NL8320359A NL8320359A (nl) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Wit gietijzer bestand tegen schurende inwerking.
PCT/US1983/001656 WO1985001962A1 (en) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Abrasive resistant white cast iron
CH2839/85A CH666908A5 (fr) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Fonte alliee resistant a l'abrasion.
JP58503752A JPS60501958A (ja) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 耐摩耗性白鋳鉄

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US1983/001656 WO1985001962A1 (en) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Abrasive resistant white cast iron

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO1985001962A1 true WO1985001962A1 (en) 1985-05-09

Family

ID=22175514

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US1983/001656 WO1985001962A1 (en) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 Abrasive resistant white cast iron

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0159981A4 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS60501958A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH666908A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3390548T1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2158462B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL8320359A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
WO (1) WO1985001962A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6110305A (en) * 1992-12-15 2000-08-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method for production of high-strength low-expansion cast iron
US6165288A (en) * 1994-05-17 2000-12-26 Ksb Aktienegsellschaft Highly corrosion and wear resistant chilled casting
US6461861B2 (en) 1997-05-23 2002-10-08 Abb Limited Microbial membrane reactor for use in flow systems
CN114318116A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-04-12 河北澳金机械设备有限公司 KmTBCr26高铬铸铁的成分改良

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4409278A1 (de) * 1994-03-18 1995-09-21 Klein Schanzlin & Becker Ag Korrosions- und verschleißbeständiger Hartguß
DE19901170B4 (de) * 1998-10-21 2006-11-23 Reiloy Metall Gmbh Verwendung einer Eisenbasishartlegierung
CN106222531B (zh) * 2016-07-24 2017-11-21 莎车县军辉机械有限公司 一种硼锰铬耐磨铸件及其制造工艺

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2978320A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-04-04 Gen Motors Corp Method for producing a high strength ferrous metal
US3334996A (en) * 1966-12-13 1967-08-08 Xaloy Inc Hard, wear-resistant ferrous alloy
NL6917161A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-09-15 1971-03-17
US3909252A (en) * 1973-11-01 1975-09-30 Suzuki Motor Co Wear-resistant cast iron for sliding surfaces
JPS53140218A (en) * 1977-05-13 1978-12-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Wear resistant white pig iron
US4221612A (en) * 1977-10-14 1980-09-09 Acieries Thome Cromback Grinding members
JPS5693859A (en) * 1979-12-28 1981-07-29 Komatsu Ltd Ball alloy for grinding
SU850719A1 (ru) * 1978-09-29 1981-07-30 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследователь-Ский И Проектно-Технологическийинститут Угольного Машиностроения Чугун

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU168322A1 (ru) * 1963-06-11 1965-02-18 Ростовский Дону научно исследовательский институт технологии ПЛАВ ДЛЯ НАПЛАВКИЙС?СОИ)ЗИЛЯН KATtJi'iHO- .}-. if^'" TEKHK^TLi'A'^ '-аг?''И';':Т;:Л I. ЯНМА ..*лв»»жл^чг*в: »МА:М.^ ^^-^f^^^JПредлагаемый сплав дает возможность регулировать механические свойства наплавленного сло путем дополнительного легировани вольфрамом в процессе наплавки. Он обладает высокой упругостью, допускающей значительные деформации наплавленных деталей в процессе изготовлени и эксплуатации.10Предмет изобретени 1.Сплав дл наплавки, содержащий хром, марганец и кремний, отличающийс тем, что,15 с целью повышени твердости и износостойкости наплавленных изделий, в его состав вход т (в о/о): углерод 3,0—3,7; марганец 5,5—6,5; кремний" 1,8—2,2; хром 22—26; бор 0,4—0,6; титан 0,25—0,35; вольфрам 2—10;20 сера до 0,08; фосфор до 0,08; железо — остальное.2.Сплав по п. 1, отличающийс тем, что, с целью повышени механических свойств, вольфрам ввод т непосредственно в процессе25 наплавки.
JPS5419371B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1973-02-15 1979-07-14
JPS5751241A (en) * 1980-09-12 1982-03-26 Komatsu Ltd Ball alloy for pulverization
SU954481A1 (ru) * 1981-01-12 1982-08-30 Гомельский Филиал Белорусского Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени Политехнического Института Белый износостойкий чугун
EP0113715A4 (en) * 1982-07-19 1985-04-24 Giw Ind Inc ABRASIVE WHITE CAST IRON.
ZA844074B (en) * 1983-05-30 1986-04-30 Vickers Australia Ltd Abrasion resistant materials

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2978320A (en) * 1958-12-29 1961-04-04 Gen Motors Corp Method for producing a high strength ferrous metal
US3334996A (en) * 1966-12-13 1967-08-08 Xaloy Inc Hard, wear-resistant ferrous alloy
NL6917161A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1969-09-15 1971-03-17
US3909252A (en) * 1973-11-01 1975-09-30 Suzuki Motor Co Wear-resistant cast iron for sliding surfaces
JPS53140218A (en) * 1977-05-13 1978-12-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Wear resistant white pig iron
US4221612A (en) * 1977-10-14 1980-09-09 Acieries Thome Cromback Grinding members
SU850719A1 (ru) * 1978-09-29 1981-07-30 Всесоюзный Научно-Исследователь-Ский И Проектно-Технологическийинститут Угольного Машиностроения Чугун
JPS5693859A (en) * 1979-12-28 1981-07-29 Komatsu Ltd Ball alloy for grinding

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See also references of EP0159981A4 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6110305A (en) * 1992-12-15 2000-08-29 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method for production of high-strength low-expansion cast iron
US6165288A (en) * 1994-05-17 2000-12-26 Ksb Aktienegsellschaft Highly corrosion and wear resistant chilled casting
US6461861B2 (en) 1997-05-23 2002-10-08 Abb Limited Microbial membrane reactor for use in flow systems
CN114318116A (zh) * 2021-12-08 2022-04-12 河北澳金机械设备有限公司 KmTBCr26高铬铸铁的成分改良

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3390548T1 (de) 1985-11-28
CH666908A5 (fr) 1988-08-31
EP0159981A4 (en) 1987-04-29
GB2158462A (en) 1985-11-13
JPS60501958A (ja) 1985-11-14
NL8320359A (nl) 1985-09-02
GB8515282D0 (en) 1985-07-17
GB2158462B (en) 1988-02-24
EP0159981A1 (en) 1985-11-06
DE3390548C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1988-12-01

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