WO1984002497A1

WO1984002497A1 - Spiked tire

Info

Publication number: WO1984002497A1
Application number: PCT/JP1983/000443
Authority: WO
Inventors: Eizo Hiroki
Original assignee: Agency Ind Science Techn
Priority date: 1982-12-23
Filing date: 1983-12-19
Publication date: 1984-07-05
Also published as: US4619301A; EP0129604A1; EP0129604A4; EP0129604B1; DE3375768D1

Abstract

A spiked tire has pin holes (2) provided in the tread surface of a tire body (1). The interior of each pin hole (2) is provided with a spike pin (3) which can project from and withdraw into the pin hole (2), an urging means (4) which constantly urges the spike pin (3) in the direction in which the spike pin (3) projects from the pin hole (2), and an actuating member (6) of a shape memory alloy which is restored to its remembered shape, against the force of the urging means (4), by a rise in temperature of the tire resulting from the vehicle running on a road which is not icy or snowy, so that the spike pin (3) is able to withdraw into the tire body. The rise in temperature of a tire differs according to whether the vehicle is running on an icy or snowy road or on a road which is not icy or snowy. This difference in the rise of temperature of the tire is utilized so that the spike pins are automatically withdrawn into their pin holes by the restoration of the shape memory alloy to its remembered shape when the vehicle is running on a clear road, preventing damage to the road surface by spiked tires, and also the production of dust resulting therefrom.

Description

Clear

Invention title

Snow tire

Technical field

The present invention relates to a spider that is used for safely driving a vehicle on a road that is frozen or snowed.

Background

In cold and snowy regions, it is necessary to use a tire chain or a spear tire in order for a vehicle to drive safely on a road that is frozen or has accumulated snow. However, more recently, there is always more spark than the tires that are used only when the road surface is snowy or frozen. Since most of the spiking tires protruding from the vehicle surface are more convenient because they save the trouble of landing and landing, most of the spiking The actual situation is that the vehicle is equipped with

However, in recent years, due to the progress of road snow removal techniques and the increase in traffic volume, there are many parts where the road surface is exposed even during snowfall. The mileage that requires tires is very short. For example, in Hokkaido, Japan, it is estimated that the number of troubles is about 5% of the total number of troubles caused by snow and the tie. Ru

On such freezing-free and snow-free roads, a conventional hard metal snow sneaker is used to sprue the tire's ground plane into the spa. If you use an

O'V.PI Wii-0

, T10 This causes problems such as road surface damage and wear, and the associated dust generation. A similar problem is occurring in countries in the snowy and cold regions, and in general, it is dealt with by banning the use of spice tires or restricting the period of use. is doing . However, from the viewpoint of safe driving of automobiles in snowy areas, the above-mentioned spider is effective in some cases. Therefore, it is desired to solve the above-mentioned problems that occur when using a sprayer in a non-freezing or snow-free condition.

Disclosure of the invention

The temperature of tires and spiking bins is different when the vehicle is running, depending on whether the road is freezing or snow-covered or the road is freezing or snow-free. Then, by using the S-degree difference, on the road surface of no-freezing, no-snow cover, the spike bin will automatically immerse into the bin hole. The purpose is to prevent the destruction and wear of the road surface by the spray tires and the accompanying generation of dust.

Thus, the present spark tyre is equipped with a self-propelled spiking pin that appears in and out of the via hole provided in the grounding surface of the tire * body. An urging means for constantly urging the sub-bike in the protruding direction, and an ascending mechanism that occurs when the vehicle is running during freezing and snow-free conditions as the vehicle travels. Therefore, the urging force of the above-mentioned urging means is piled up to restore the shape of the memory so that the spike bin can be loaded into the tire body.

O.VPI It is characterized by having an actuating member made of a shape memory alloy.

* Since the invention's spiter has the above-mentioned structure, on the road surface that is frozen or snowy, the work memory member made of shape memory alloy can be used as a slide. The plastic state that easily deforms is maintained, and the biasing force of the biasing means such as the spring installed in the bin hole allows the spiking pin to project from the bin hole. Since it is retained, the safe running of the vehicle can be ensured, and when the vehicle runs on a road surface with no icing and no snow, the shape memory alloy operating member accompanying the temperature rise The restoring force of the road restrains the biasing force of the above-mentioned biasing means, and the spike bin automatically immerses into the bin hole. It is possible to prevent the destruction and wear of the surface and the generation of dust due to it.

A brief description of the drawing

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an actual case of * Akira, Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing different operating states, and Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a modification of the embodiment shown in Fig. 1. , Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another embodiment of the present paper, Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing the different operating state, and Fig. 6 is another embodiment. Fig. 7 is a cross-sectional view showing the different operating conditions, Fig. 8 is a cross-sectional view showing another actual example, and Fig. 9 is the different operating conditions. It is a cross-sectional view.

Best Mode for Practicing Invention

Below, * The details of the invention are described in detail while referring to the drawings. Preach

Figures 1 and 2 show the actual steel plates using coil-shaped shape memory alloy-made dynamic members, each showing a different type of bush, 1 is a tire * body, and 2 is the Tire * Shows a via hole for a spark bin provided on the grounding surface of body 1, and at the middle part and inner bottom part of the pin hole 2, diametrical parts 2a and 2b are formed. Has been done.

The spiking bin 3 fitted in the above-mentioned bin hole 2 has a flange portion 3a which is fitted into the I: expanded diameter 2b at the base end, and the tip portion 3b is fitted. Since it is assumed that the spiking pin 3 appears and disappears, the spiking pin 3 is placed between the flange part 3a of the spiking pin 3 and the bottom surface 2c of the bin hole. The disc-shaped spring 4 serving as the urging means for urging in the direction projecting from the bin hole 2 is mounted on the disc, and the flange part 3a of the sub-bin and the slide part are connected to each other. An actuating member 8 made of a coil-shaped shape memory alloy is arranged between the stopper 5 and the stubber 5 for restricting the protruding position of the tip 3b of the piston. The stopper 5 is composed of a flange portion 5a that fits into the expanded portion 2a of the via hole 2, a bail portion 5c around which a concave groove 5b is provided, and the concave groove 5b. A coil-shaped shape memory alloy barb 8 is installed in the inside, and the edge of the groove 5b is in contact with the flange part 3a of the spike pin. It is the head section.

In the case of the above shape memory alloy production member 8 and in the plastic state below the transformation degree at which it returns to the memory, it is easily deformed by the external force, but the tire body 1 If the temperature of Sub-pin 3 rises, its properties are — O Restore the proper shape from the one-dimensional state to the memorized shape, and hold the flange portion 3a of the sparkbin against the biasing force of the disc spring 4 in the direction of the bottom 2c of the via hole. It is configured to press

There are already known various kinds of shape memory alloys mentioned above, and it is possible to set the temperature for restoring the shape to be remembered by the ratio of the alloys. The transformation imperfection degree for restoring the memorized shape of the operating member 8 formed of this shape memory alloy is the vehicle type of the vehicle and the meteorological conditions of the area in which the vehicle travels. It is set appropriately according to the above.

When traveling on a road surface that is in a frozen or snowy state using a spacial tire having the above composition, as shown in Fig. 1, a shape memory alloy is not used. Since the working member 8 is deformed more easily due to the lowering S due to a plastic state, the actuating village 8 is compressed and deformed by the biasing force of the disc spring. At this time, the disc-shaped spring 4 presses the flange portion 3a of the sparkbin 3 in the projecting direction, so that the sliding cup 3 of the tire main body i It is held in the state of protruding from the ground plane.

On the other hand, when driving on a road with no freezing or snow-free budding, the work memory member 6 made of shape-remembering alloy is heated by the heat generated during the driving. Against the biasing force of the disc-shaped spring 4, it is restored to the memory shape of the extension coil as shown in Fig. 2, and at the same time, the slider of the snow quiver 3 is restored. Since the screw part 3a is pressed toward the bottom surface 2c of the bin hole, the spike pin 3 is housed in the pin hole 2 in an immersed state. Fig. 3 shows that instead of the coil-shaped memory alloy working part # 8 in the above-mentioned example, it is made of a shape memory alloy of a dish with a hole in the center. In an actual example using the actuating member 18, the work member 18 shows a state in which it has been restored to the writing shape. When this work member 16 is used, especially when the work member 18 is in a plastic state and is flattened by the biasing force of the disc-shaped spring 14, it is spattered. Since it is in contact with the flange 13a of the cubicle 13 over a wide area, the maturity transmitted through the sparkbin 13 is quickly transmitted to the scoop member 18. The actuation of the actuating member 18 is accelerated.

However, in both of the above cases, they are installed between the flange parts 3a and 13a of the spiking bins 3 and 13 and the bottom surfaces 2c and 12c of the via holes 2 and 12, respectively. In place of the disc springs 4 and 14, coil springs or tire * bodies 1 and 11 can use the rubber elasticity of their own bodies, especially the latter. In this case, it is possible to secure a uniform elasticity by forming a plurality of protrusions on the tires on the bottom surfaces 2c and 12c of the via hole.

FIGS. 4 and 5 show different operating states of different examples of the spout tire of the present invention, where 21 is a tire operator and 22 is a tire operator. A via hole is shown in the contact surface of the main body 21, and a diametrical portion 22a is formed inside the via hole 22.

The above-mentioned via hole 2-2 has a guide hole 23a drilled from the inner end, and the tip 23b of the guide hole 23a is a self-contained snow, which is projected from the via hole 22. Screw 23 and insert it into the above guide and hole 23a. The guidebin 24 that supports and guides the spike pin 23 is fitted to the projectile 24a that is inserted into the. At the base ends of these snowbin 23 and guidebin 24, flange portions 25 and 28 are formed respectively, and these are the above-mentioned bins. It is housed in the expanded portion 22a of the hole 22 in an opposed state. These flange portions 25 and 28 are flat supporting surfaces 25a and 28a facing each other and the supporting surfaces 25a and 28a, respectively. In this case, a taper-shaped inner surface 25b, 28b is formed so as to open in a V-shape.

Therefore, between the flange portions 25 and 28, a ring shape (see Fig. 5) is used as a memory shape in which the diameter is enlarged to the extent that it deviates from the supporting surfaces 25a, 2 & a. A ring-shaped actuating member 27 made of a memory alloy, and a compressive deformation of the actuating member 27 when the actuating member 27 is in a plastic state, and a flat supporting surface of both flange parts 25 and 28. A spiral spring 28, which presses between 25a and 28a and biases the sparkbin 23 in a protruding direction via the actuating member 27, is provided in S.

As shown in Fig. 4, the enlarged diameter portion 22a in the upper hole 22 of the above-mentioned case is designed so that when the push bar member 27 is pushed between the supporting surfaces 25a and 28a by the biasing force of the spring 28, as shown in FIG. The lung sections 25 and 28 were piled up by the elastic restoring force of the tire of the tire itself to push them toward the axial direction of the spike bin and spread them, and as shown in Fig. 5. As shown in the figure, when the actuating member 27 is restored to the shape of the memory and is left out between the supporting surfaces 25a and 28a, the elastic restoring force of the tire rubber is equal to the swinging force. It acts on the flange part 25 of 23 to connect the snow box * It is formed in the submerged hole.

When traveling on a road that is in a frozen or snowy state using a spider tire having the above-mentioned configuration, the operating member 27, which consists of a form factor, is cooled. As shown in Fig. 4, the actuating member 27 is compressed and deformed by the urging force of the spring 28 so that the flange portions 25 and 28 are tired. The elastic pinion of the main body 1 is exerted against the elastic force, and the operating member 27 is pushed between the supporting surfaces 25a and 28a, so that the spike pin 23 is held in the protruding state. On the other hand, when driving on a road without freezing or snow-free budding, the operating member 27 is aged due to the heat generated in the tire as the vehicle travels. As shown in the figure, the actuating member 27 is piled up by the urging force of the spring 28 and is restored by S force to the diametrical state which is the memorized shape, and comes out from between both supporting surfaces 25a, 28a. Therefore, the sub-bin 23 is housed in the sub-hole 22 due to the elastic restoring force of the tire body 1.

However, the new surface shape of the work part 27 is not the circular fool y shown in the figure, but a proper shape suitable for operation, and the spring 28 and the above. Then, coil springs, plate springs, springs, etc. can be used.

In addition, the flat bearing surfaces 25a, 28a provided on the flange portions 25, 28 of the sparkbin 23 and the guidebin 24 are made of a shape-remembering alloy. Pushing in the bush part 27 and thereby holding the sparkbin 23 in the protruding state makes it possible to prevent the load from increasing even when the vehicle is loaded with a large load. Equine 23

O PI- It can be surely held in the protruding state.

Figures 6 and 7 show another embodiment of the spray tire of the present invention, in which 31 is a thick tire body * 32 is a ground surface of the tire body 3 〖. The provided hole is shown.

A diametrically expanded portion 32a is formed inside the 32.

The above-mentioned bin hole 32 is a guide hole that is drilled from the inner end side.

33a and its tip 33b appears and disappears from the through hole 32.The existing snow box 33 is fitted, and at the same time, the protruding rod 34a is inserted into the above guide hole 33a. The guide pin 34, which supports and guides the spike pin 33, is fitted. Flanges 33c and 34b are formed at the base ends of these spikbin 33 and guidebin 34, respectively. They are installed in the 32 expanded portions 32a so as to face each other.

Thus, between the flange portions 33c and 34b, a disc-shaped spring having a hole into which the protrusion 34a is inserted is inserted in the center portion.

35 is provided, and by this, the urging force is applied to the lisno and the icbin 33 so as to project it from the pin hole. ing . The biasing means constituted by the ffl-shaped spring 35 can be replaced by another elastic member such as a coil spring or a coil spring.

The tip 33b of the above-mentioned spike pin 33 and the tip of the guide rod 34a of the guidebin are made of a shape memory alloy having a memory shape such as a wavy shape or a coil shape. In the case of the tip 33b of the snow, ⁹ -equine 33 connected by the operating member 36, a part of the shape memory alloy is exposed on the surface of the tip 33b.

O PI

W1FO X> It has been installed in a closed state.

When driving with a sub-tire having such a configuration, when the road surface is frozen or snowy, the working part 38 made of shape memory alloy is cooled. Due to the elastic force of the spring 35 and the spring pin 33 from the surface of the tire * body 31 as shown in Fig. 6. Be kept.

On the other hand, the road surface is freezing, and in Noriyuki Yukimaki, the shape memory alloy production 鋋部豺 36 is heated by the heat generated in the tire as the vehicle travels, In order to restore the general memory shape shown in Fig. 7 and to make a short length, the spring 35 was compressed into a pressure box, and the snow quip pin 33 entered from the surface of the tire body 31 and It is housed in the inner hole 32.

According to the actual body ^ having the above-mentioned structure, the work memory part 38 made of a shape memory alloy is attached to the surface of the tip part 33b of the sub-bike bin 33 while being exposed. Therefore, the heat conduction from the road surface can be better, and the change in the road surface condition can be dealt with quickly.

Figures 8 and 9 show: *: In addition to the invention of the spacial tire, other practical examples are shown, where 41 is the tire main body and 42 is the tire main body. Contact of the end body 41; it shows a via hole provided on the surface.

A diameter ¾ 42 _¾ is formed in the inside of the above-mentioned bin hole 42, and a circumference of the bottom surface 42c of the pin hole 42 is surrounded by a tire at the bottom surface 42c. To facilitate elastic deformation of the

0 P1 The notch 42b is formed. In this via hole 42, a spigot pin 43 having a flange 43a at the base end and a tip portion 43b which is in and out from the via hole is fitted. Also, project the spark pin 43 from the via hole 42 between the flange portion 43a of the bypass bin and the bottom surface 42c of the via hole 42. An elastic body 44 that urges in this direction is arranged. The biasing means constituted by the elastic body 44 includes rubber, coil springs, disc-shaped springs, ring springs, elastic plastic materials, etc. You can do it. In addition, between the flange portion 43a of the snow box * 43 and the pressing support body 45 that is in contact with the expansion step portion of the via hole 42, both of them are connected to SI. For this purpose, a plurality of shape memory alloy actuating members 48 with a memory-like shape are stacked and stacked.

The pressing support 45 is for increasing the contact area between the tire * body 41 and the operating part village 48, and the spiking pin 43 is inserted through the center part. It is formed by a ring-shaped member that has a central hole for it. The shape-memory alloy-manufacturing brim members 48, 48 are formed in the shape of a coil with one or more turns, and when they are used in piles, the stress is smaller and almost equal. It can be doubled.

Therefore, when traveling on a road in a frozen and snow-covered state using the spacial tire having the above-mentioned configuration, the shape memory alloy is cooled by the temperature of the sub-bike. The manufacturing sleeves 48 and 48 are in a plastic state, and the rollers are deformed by the action force of the elastic body 44, as shown in Fig. Bin 43 is held in a sudden Φ state

On the other hand, when driving on a road without freezing or snow, the regenerative memory alloy actuating members 48, 48 are heated by the aging that occurs in the tire as the vehicle runs, and 9 It was restored to the shape of the memory as shown in the figure, and the plunger 43a of the spike bin 43 was removed against the air pressure acting force of the elastic body 44 and tire rope. As it is pressed, the tip portion 43b of the spiking pin 43 is recessed from the surface of the tire body 41 and is accommodated in the via hole 42. The notch 42b provided around the bottom surface 42c of the via hole 42 facilitates elastic deformation of the tire at the bottom surface 42c.

According to a practical example of the above-mentioned configuration, a single coil is used because a plurality of coil spring-like push-button members having one or more turns are stacked and used. Compared with the case of using an oil-spring type one, it is possible to obtain the same restoring force and to reduce the diameter of the sill, and to reduce the coil diameter. In addition to improving wear and fatigue resistance, it is possible to obtain a small-sized spi-ty tire that can withstand only ii S friction and torsion, and therefore the tire surface can be obtained. It is possible to hit many spiking bins to improve freezing and braking ability on snowy roads.

The spiker of each of the embodiments detailed above is used when traveling on a frozen or snow-covered road surface. It is necessary to firmly project from the tire grounding surface to the extent that it can stick into the surface, but on a road surface where there is no icing and no snow, the subway bin is completely covered.

OMPI

wipo It is not necessary to immerse into the main body of the tire, and even if it protrudes to the extent that it can easily sink into the main body of the tire, it can be pushed out with a weak force. It is possible to achieve the goal of.

Next, an example of an experiment conducted by the young inventor is shown.

Eight

A vehicle with a total body weight of U O Okg was used for the experiment, and the

r: v

A vehicle tire of 8 kg / crtf was installed on the road with a structure with the structure shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 and a spouting force of 20 kg. I ran on the top.

The results of the experiment are shown in Tables 1 and 2. In the table, the Γ projecting ridges j are shown as 0 for the tire trench surface, 10 for the protruding side, and — for the immersive side. Table 1-

Running time (minutes) 0! ) ~ 5 5 5 ~ 20 20 20 ~ 25 25 25 ~ 40 40

1 1 1 1 1 Road surface condition Snow compaction Snow compaction Pavement Pavement Degree of road surface 0 0 1 1 Travel speed ¾ a hr 60 60 60 60 Tire trett

3 12

Inner Strength 10 20 30

° C

Spike bin

2 6

Surrounding degree 8 23 32

° c Overhang M +1.5 +1.5 +1.5 +0.5 -0.1

OMPI

0 ^ yj 2

~ Ketan ° C Cloudy 1 1 1 1 Road surface snow pressure Snow pressure

Road surface temperature 3 1 1 0 U

Travel speed k «/ hr 60 60 80

Tire treats

5 3L 20 18

r: ¾fci¾

Spike pin

3 33 16 11 At ambient

Protrusion Φ +1.5 -0.1 +1.2 +1.5-

* Hi '

Claims

Request range

1. In the via hole provided on the grounding surface of the tire body, the existing spark bin that appears and disappears from the via hole, and the direction in which the snow bin always protrudes. The urging means for urging the vehicle and the urging means for lifting the vehicle by the heat generated in the tire when the vehicle is running in a non-freezing or snow-free condition. It was equipped with a shape memory alloy actuating member that allows it to be staken by a force and restore to the memory shape so that the spike bin can be immersed in the tire body. A special spicy tire.

2. A spat according to claim 1 characterized in that a disc spring is used as an urging means for urging the spain always in the protruding direction. Ikta.

3. The scope of patent claims that uses coil sliding as a biasing means that always biases the spike in the protruding direction. Spike tyre as described in paragraph 1.

4.A patent contract that uses the elastic restoring force of the tire gum itself as the urging means that constantly urges the spike bin in the protruding direction. The spatiotyper _β described in the first section of the request

5. The scope of the patent request, in which the actuating member is formed of a coil-shaped shape memory alloy, is the first, second, third, or fourth. Spike tire described in paragraph.

6 The special feature is that the actuating member is formed of a dish-shaped shape memory alloy, and the spars of the first, second, third, and fourth scopes of the claims. Ikta.

7. Tyer: ^ Insert a through-bin and a guide-bin that supports it into the through-holes of the body, and insert the spare-pin and the guide-pin. A flat supporting surface is provided on the flanges of the cords and bins so as to face each other, and the flat supporting surfaces are provided between the supporting surfaces of the flanges at all times in the operating part village made of shape memory alloy. In addition to providing an urging means for urging in the press-fitting direction, it has a memory shape that allows it to escape from between the supporting surfaces of the flange part. Spike tyre as stated in claim 1 of the patent claim.

8 Fit a spiking bin and a guidebin that supports and guides the spigot and the guidebin into the hole of the tire body. An urging means for urging the guidebin in the protruding direction is provided between the two, and the guidebin and the sparkbin are actuated by a shape memory alloy operating member. The spacer according to claim 1, characterized in that they are connected with each other.

9. The space according to claim 8 characterized in that the end of the shape memory alloy actuating member is mounted in a state in which it is exposed on the surface of the front end of the sparkbin. Picture player.

10. The spike tire according to claim 1, which is characterized in that a plurality of actuating members made of shape memory alloy are stacked and used.