JPS63170108A - Spike tire - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE:To preferably improve anti-slip performance only during a required time by leading water in a case from a concave portion provided on the tread of a tire through a flow hole to harden a damper arranged in the case so as to project pins from the tread. CONSTITUTION:A spike tire 1 is constituted by embedding spikes 4 on the tread 3 of a tire body 2. And each spike 4 is formed by embedding a tip 5 on the top 7 of a shank 6. A case 8 made of shape memory alloy is secured to the base end portion of the shank 6 and the case 8 wraps a damper 11 made of material which is changed in its hardness according to a change in temperature. Further, a concave portion 13 is provided on the tread 3 and also a flow hole 14 which reaches from the bottom portion of the concave portion 13 to the opening 10 of the case 8 is provided. Thereby, on the ice and snow road surface, ice water is led from the concave portion 13 to the case 8 through the flow hole 14 to soften the case 8 and also to harden the damper 11 for projecting the pin 4 from the tread 3.

Description

[Detailed description of the invention]

(a) Purpose of the invention [Field of industrial application] The invention relates to the structure of spiked tires used when vehicles drive on icy and snowy roads. [Prior art] When a vehicle runs on an icy and snowy road, a plurality of spikes are installed on the tire tread to prevent the tire from slipping.
It is conventionally known to use spiked tires with protruding parts. A conventional spiked tire has a structure in which spikes are driven into a snow tie V, and the sides protrude approximately 1.5 to 2.0 mm from the tire surface. The tips of the spikes are made of carbide, etc. for wear resistance.

A depth is usually installed. Conventional spiked tires have this structure, so
On roads without ice or snow, these spikes scrape the road surface and scatter it into the atmosphere as dust, causing pollution problems. As a countermeasure for this, currently the spike protrusion ω
Efforts have been made to reduce the number of spikes from 1.0 to 1.5 m+, or to reduce the number of spikes from 154 spikes per tire to 122 spikes per tire, but these measures do not address the essence of the pollution problem. On the other hand, it is considered to be a problem from a safety point of view, as it may cause a decrease in tire performance on icy and snowy roads. In addition, in recent years, it has been considered to put spikes in and take them out depending on the road surface situation, but these conventional spike bins have extremely complicated structures and require some kind of actuator (e.g. , air actuator, electrical actuator)
, the shape is large and the price is high, so it has not been put into practical use. Because of these things, it is possible to maintain the performance of Tie-V, which can be used on icy and snowy roads without scraping the road surface, and it has a small size, low cost, and quick and reliable operation. The development of spiked tires was desired. [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] The inventor of the present application previously proposed such a spiked tire in Patent Application No. 73141 of 1988, but it has been proposed that the spikes can be moved in and out even more quickly and reliably. desired. This invention was made in view of the above circumstances, and it is possible to change the protrusion length of the spikes from the tire surface depending on the road surface condition, thereby significantly reducing road surface scraping. To provide a spike tire that is particularly simple in structure, quick and reliable in operation, and low in price, without reducing the performance of Thai Oni 7 on ice and snow road surfaces. The purpose is to (b) Structure of the Invention [Means for Solving the Problem] Corresponding to this object, the spike tire of the present invention is made of a material whose hardness changes according to temperature changes, and the spike bin and the tire are made of a material whose hardness changes according to temperature changes. M rainforest arranged between, a bowl-shaped recess formed in a tread portion of the tire other than the part where the spike bin is implanted, a flow path connecting the recess and the cushioning material, and an elastic It is characterized by comprising a water-permeable filter made of a porous material and filled in at least a portion of the flow path in the flow direction. Hereinafter, details of the present invention will be explained with reference to the drawings showing one embodiment. In FIG. 1, 1 is a spiked tire, and the spiked tire 1 has spikes 4 embedded in the tread 3 of a tire 2. The spike bottle 4 is provided with a depth 5 and a tip 5 is implanted in the top 7 of the spike 6. The neck portion 7 and the tip 15 of the sink 6 protrude outward from the tread surface 3 of the tire 2. The tip 5 is made of cemented carbide, and the shank 6 is made of metal. At the base end of the shank 60 is a case 8 made of shape memory alloy.
is fixed, the case 8 wraps the cylindrical cushioning material 11,
They are in contact with each other from above and below in the direction of the axis 9. Therefore chip 5
The spike bin 4 consisting of the shank 6, the case 8, the cushioning material 11, and the tire 2 are located adjacent to each other in this order on the shaft 9. transmitted to. ! ! The shock absorber 11 is made of a material that hardens when the ambient temperature drops to the level when the vehicle is running on an icy and snowy road, and softens at the ambient temperature when the vehicle is running on an ice-free road. The material for such a cushioning material 11 is a base material made of an elastic material like rubber, and a material whose hardness changes depending on temperature changes, that is, a material whose hardness is human when the temperature is low and whose hardness is small when the temperature is high. In this case, a temperature change transmitted to a part of the W shock ville quickly changes to the entire W shock ville. This can increase the responsiveness of the hardness change. Further, the case 8 is made of, for example, a unidirectional shape memory alloy and has an oblate spherical shape with an opening 10 at the bottom.
The shape follows the shape of the chip 5 as shown in FIG.
The chip 5 can be made to protrude outward from the tread surface 3 of the tire 2, and harden without having a shape that compresses the cushioning material 11, which has softened at the environmental temperature while driving on an ice-free road surface, in the direction 12 toward the inside of the tire 2. can be drawn inside the tread of the tire 2. A bowl-shaped recess 13 is provided in a portion 3b of the tread portion 3 of the tire 2 other than the portion 3a into which the spike bottle 4 is implanted.
It is formed by concave inward from the surface of b, and the four parts 13
A communication hole 14 is formed that reaches from the bottom of the case 8 to the opening 10 of the case 8. The cross-sectional shape of the communication hole 14 is an oblate ellipse with a small diameter in the direction 12, as shown in FIG. 3, so that the volume change during tire transfer is large. A method of forming such a circulation hole 14 inside the tire 2 is to vulcanize a plate spring having a predetermined shape with a flat cross section embedded and then pull it out, or to vulcanize a plate spring having a predetermined shape with a flat cross section. A method such as embedding a rubber tube can be used. A portion of the communication hole 14 near the recess 13 is filled with a water-permeable filter 15 made of an elastic porous material. The porous material of the water-permeable filter 15 has a suitable pore size that prevents mud and sand from entering, for example, an average pore size of 8 to 60 μ. [Operation/Effect] The spike tie 1 configured as described above has a simple structure and is inexpensive. When the driving road surface is an ice-free road surface, the shape memory alloy is hardened and the softened cushioning material 11 is compressed in the direction 12, and the spike bin 4 is retracted from the tire tread surface 3 (3a). When the running road surface changes from this state to an icy and snowy road surface, the ice and snow in contact with the tire tread surface 3 melts due to the load applied to the tire tread surface 3 and turns into ice water, which soaks the tip of the spike pin in the retracted state. -b, this ice water enters the recess 13 in the portion 3b of the tire tread 3 under this load. At this time, the four parts 13 are flattened by the load in the direction 12, and the flow hole 14 communicating with the recess 13 is also crushed by the load in the direction 12, reducing its volume. reach. Further, when the tire is transferred and the φ applied to the portion 3b decreases, the volume of the fourth portion 13 and the circulation hole 14 is restored,
At the moment when the portion 3b leaves the road surface, surrounding ice water is sucked into the recess 13, and extremely low temperature water is introduced into the flow hole 14 through the water-permeable filter and stored therein. Conversely, after the bottle touches the ground, there are 11 holes and 10 holes at the rear of the bottle, which will be further crushed by the tire transfer.
Remove cold water from. In this way, the cross sections of the circulation holes at the front and rear of the bottle are sequentially crushed from front to back, so that depending on the rotation of the tires, a pump acts to send or discharge cold water to or from the bottle. In the opening 10, the cold water directly soaks a part of the cushioning material 11 and the case 8 surrounding it, and quickly transmits the low temperature to them. Low temperature is transmitted from above and below in the direction of the axis 9, the shape memory alloy case 8 softens, the cushioning material 11 hardens, and the spike bin 4
protrudes from the portion 3a of the tie-7 tread 3. This transmits the low temperature directly to the cushioning material and the case 8 much more reliably and quickly than the transmission of the low temperature from the tip side of the spike pin 4, and the responsiveness of the spike pin 4 is extremely good.
The performance of the tire on icy and snowy road surfaces is not degraded.

[Brief explanation of the drawing]

Fig. 1 is an explanatory cross-sectional view of the longitudinal part of the △-A section in Fig. 2 showing a spiked tire according to an embodiment of the present invention; Fig. 2 is an explanatory plan view of the spiked tire shown in Fig. 1; is the first
It is a BB part plan view in a figure. 1...Spike tires 2...Tires 3...
・Treads 3a, 3b...parts 4...spike bottle 5...dep 6...shank 7...
Top 8...Case 10...Opening 11.
...Cushioning material 12...Direction 13...Concavity
14... Distribution hole 15... Water-permeable filter designated agent Director, Mechanical Technology Research Institute, Agency of Industrial Science and Technology - Severe Shimizu Disease Department: i- 1;

Claims (1)

[Claims] a spike pin implanted in the tread portion of the tire; a cushioning material made of a material whose hardness changes according to temperature changes and disposed between the spike pin and the tire; and a cushioning material implanted in the spike pin of the tire. a bowl-shaped recess formed in the tread portion other than the filled portion; a flow path connecting the recess and the buffer material; and a container made of an elastic porous material and filled in at least a portion of the flow path in the flow direction. A spiked tire characterized by comprising a water-permeable filter;