Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B1/00—Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic features of hulls or of hydrofoils
  • B63B1/32—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls
  • B63B1/34—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction
  • B63B1/38—Other means for varying the inherent hydrodynamic characteristics of hulls by reducing surface friction using air bubbles or air layers gas filled volumes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
  • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
  • B63B3/00—Hulls characterised by their structure or component parts
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T70/00—Maritime or waterways transport
  • Y02T70/10—Measures concerning design or construction of watercraft hulls

Definitions

• the present invention relates to improving the performance of fast motor boats, and it relates to a combination of construction characteristics applicable to fast boats with forward or traditional propulsion, intended to improve performance, that is to say by increase the speed for a power and / or consumption of their engine to reach and maintain a given speed.
• fast boats is meant in this patent fast boats for civil purposes, such as fishing, boating, transport of passengers or goods, as well as ships of various sizes for military surveillance or surveillance. assistance, transport and disembarkation vessels for equipment and personnel, patrol boats, attack and rapid intervention vehicles, this list not being exhaustive, on the contrary, illustrating only a few examples of the very wide scope of the invention.
• a hull whose bottom has over most of its length a transverse profile in the form of a crushed arch.
• This bottom comprising, over most of its length, a series of steps.
• the vault mentioned in (1) above has a practically constant transverse profile. 6.
• the steps mentioned in (2) above are created by vertical recesses in the longitudinal profile of the boat, and the opening mentioned in (3) above is created by this recess.
• the offset mentioned in (6) above can be done, either straight along a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the boat, or in any other shape or orientation, provided that it is symmetrical to the axis of the boat .
• the opening mentioned in (3), (6) and (7) above may occupy only a fraction of the transverse dimension of the step, and may or may not be subdivided.
• each opening can be mounted guide vanes which can themselves be adjustable in orientation.
• the longitudinal profile of the vault mentioned in (1) is preferably straight. 12.
• the transverse profile of the vault mentioned in (1) can be subdivided into two or more arches.
• the rear zone of the vault can be raised over a certain part of its length, following a straight longitudinal profile, in a broken and / or curvilinear line, the vault being able, in the corresponding portion, to retain its former profile or to present a different profile. , more or less crushed depending on the desired effects.
• a transverse step provided with an opening, as defined in (2), (3) and (6), (10) above determines the origin of this portion of the rear area 15.
• the height of the skirts mentioned in (4) can be increased to at least partially compensate for the raising of this rear area.
• the propulsion system (s) are mounted in the front part of the boat, possibly in an orientable manner.
• the first four characteristics lead, when the boat has started and reached a certain speed, to cause, thanks to the depression created by the steps, the aspiration of air by the hollow verandas and / or the aforementioned pipes, its displacement towards the Aft through the slots of the steps by the advancement of the boat and its retention under the hull, in the form of a thin layer delimited by the upper arch and the side skirts, this layer eliminating the aforementioned wet surface.
• the other characteristics which are optional improve the effects produced by the first four. In particular raising the stern avoids the bubbling and eddies that would occur, at this location when this layer of air escapes, by slowing the advance of the boat.
• the propellant (s) are removed from the area where this phenomenon is created, which favors their position in the front part of the hull. It should be noted that the applicant has already made attempts in a similar direction, as described in its French patent 80.18759 of August 29, 1980. However, all the elements of the combination had not yet been combined, because the contribution air under the hull required the use of additional blowing and discharge means, and not its suction by the simple effect of depression created by the steps, which were by no means envisaged in this prior patent.
• FIG. 1 is a section through the vertical plane of longitudinal symmetry of a shell comprising the characteristics of the invention
• FIG. 2 is a schematic view of three quarters below the same shell.
• FIGS. 3 to 7 are cross-sections of the same shell, taken along the vertical planes III-III to VII-VII of FIGS. 1 and 2,
• FIGS. 8a and 8b represent variants of FIG. 4,
• FIG. 9 represents a detail of FIG. 5, on a larger scale
• FIG. 10 illustrates an optional additional arrangement of the bow of a boat according to the invention
• FIG. 11 illustrates a variant of thruster used in the invention
• FIGS. 12 to 15 schematically illustrate variant forms of the skirts provided according to the invention.
• FIG. 16 illustrates a variant arrangement of the rear of a boat according to the invention
• FIGS. 17 to 20 illustrate various variants of the arrangement of the boat's thruster according to the invention
• FIGS. 21 and 22 illustrate another variant arrangement of the thrusters according to the invention
• the hull of a boat according to the invention is usually made up of two sides 1 and 2 matching the successive profiles of the transverse couples, joined to the stem 3 and to table 4, and closed by a bottom 5.
• the bottom 5 is connected with a certain number of pairs such as 6, 7, 8, 9, so as to create a series of steps 10, 11, 12, 13, the first of these pairs being located approximately towards the first forward quarter of the boat.
• these pairs constitute hollow verandas, opening to the open air towards their upper part either directly, or by vertical pipes (not shown) and forming at their lower part a box of which the rear face, constituting the corresponding step by the offset of the bottom, has a transverse opening, preferably equipped with guide vanes designated by 14 in particular in FIGS. 5 and 9.
• guide vanes designated by 14 in particular in FIGS. 5 and 9.
• these vanes are preferably closer towards the outside than towards the inside of the hull.
• the sides 1 and 2 extend beyond the level of the bottom 5, so as to form two skirts 15 and 16, the shape and function of which will be described below in more detail.
• the bottom 5 takes the form of a flattened or crushed roof 17 which, in particular in the case of large boats can be subdivided into two half-arches 18, 19 (fig. 8a) or even in three partial arches 20, 21 22 (fig. 8b) joined by pins or reinforcements 23 (fig. 8a) or 24.25 (fig. 8b), it being understood that these pins are always located above the horizontal plane H at the bottom of the skirts 15 and 16, which therefore basically distinguishes this shape from the bottom of that known as a "seagull wing", the central part of which is clearly lower than the lateral parts. In other words the bottom 5, as a whole is always above the base plane H of the skirts.
• the rear zone 26 of the bottom 5, while retaining the same transverse profile in the vault, is raised towards table 4, the skirts 15 'and 16' then taking a height such that their lower part remains submerged.
• the skirts 15 ′, 16 ′ can be articulated rudders with vertical axes, contributing to the orientation of the boat.
• the boat's propeller represented here as a propeller motor 27 carried by a pylon 28, is preferably located at the front, namely shortly before the first hollow veranda 6.
• C ' is the fundamental combination of the first four essential components which represents the essential characteristic of the invention, that is to say which alone, and taken in its totality, ensures the exceptional advantages of this new boat, for the reasons and in the conditions which will now be described and explained in more detail.
• the propellant 27 advances the boat in the usual manner at a fast pace, which initiates a phenomenon of depression at the rear of each step 10, 13.
• This depression determines the aspiration, through the openings of the steps and the hollow veranda 6, 9 of the air located above the boat, and the installation of an aerodynamic system in which air taken from the atmosphere is expelled by suction through the partitioned opening by the vanes 14 against the bottom 5, from which it cannot escape laterally due to the skirts 15,16 so that it evacuates towards the rear, creating on all the bottom surface 5 an air space which eliminates the "wet surface” of this bottom.
• the other components of the invention improving this evacuation.
• This essential constitution can of course be the object and numerous variants, intended to further improve the performance of the boat, or to adapt to their destination.
• this thickness can be constant or variable for a mime slit and can also be different from a slit at the 'other.
• the openings may be in the form of slots, they may by extension be called so in the present text.
• the edge of these openings can have a particular shape depending on the desired effects, so as to obtain for example a convergence or a divergence, or a constant section and / or an orientation of the air which leaves therefrom.
• This thickness will depend on different parameters, in particular the spacing of the slots between them, their width and the speed of the boat. This is how the slits, about 5 cm thick distributed every 3 meters, give interesting results at around 25.30 knots for a width of 2.5 meters.
• the object of the openings or slots is to generate under the hull an air carpet as well as possible distributed.
• the slope of the crushed vault which varies according to its transverse position, combine so that the sucked air collects towards the central part of the vault, it is advisable to favor the aspiration of air in the lateral parts of the roof, in particular by widening the slots therein or by the arrangement of the blades in the case where these slots cover the entire width of the roof.
• the distribution of the air mat under the hull depends on many elements including the speed of the boat.
• the transverse profile of the bottom of the hull must necessarily be symmetrical with respect to the vertical plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the ship.
• the transverse profile of the vault In areas where the transverse profile of the vault is flattened, it is generally fairly close to a circular or conical arc. It may however be formed by two or more straight line segments and / or curves which are tangentially connected and / or with an angle.
• the value of the ratio between the height of the vault and its width is low, generally less than 15% excellent results are obtained with ratios of 2 to 6%.
• this value can be zero and the depth of the vault is then rectilinear, which facilitates construction but has various drawbacks.
• the prof he trans versal in the form of a crushed vault may vary, depending on its position. Aside from the connection with the bow and possibly with the stern, it is preferable to keep a constant or practically constant profile in these areas, which facilitates construction and improves yield.
• a modification of the width of the arch going from the front to the rear of the boat brings particular effects which can be sought in certain applications.
• the multiple arch system illustrated in FIGS. 8 a and 8 b allows this construction to be extended to very large boats, reinforcements 23 or 24, 25, which delimit the partial arches, can play the role of bowling pins or bow, which then occurs in the usual form.
• the bow can be, as shown in FIG. 10, in the form of a NACA air intake.
• the bow 29 is hollow, and s' opens at the front through a vertically lighted window 30, flaring towards the rear in a flat cell 31 ending at the level of a front step 32, the rear opening of which is provided with blades 33, similar to blades 14.
• the bow 29 is used to recover the boundary layer, to decompress the bow wave, or, when the boat is planing, to contribute to the "lubrication" in air of the arch 5.
• propellant it has been represented at 27 in the form of a helicopter engine, but of course it could be another system, in particular a hydrojet, as illustrated in 34 to Figure 11.
• a hydrojet must also be suspended from in a nacelle to a pylon 35, but above all to include a grid, in a warhead 36 to avoid aspiration of litter.
• the propellant may be mounted on a vertically movable pylon, so as to ensure its immersion in the event of significant planing of the boat.
• planing can also be adjusted by adding a depth orientation flap as shown in broken lines at 37 in Figure 2, in the form of a plane mounted to pivot about two horizontal axes 38 in 15 ', 16' skirts.
• skirts 14 and 15 can be supplemented by skids, possibly orientable as illustrated in FIGS. 12 to 15:
• these pads 39, 39 ' are horizontal perpendicular to the skirts, and supplemented by two vertical ribs 40, 40', maintained in immersion and retaining the orientation of the boat;
• these pads 41, 41 'or 42, 42' are oblique, outward or inward, re spectively and play the dual role of 39,
• the skirts 43, 43 ′ are no longer vertical in the extension of the sides 1, 2 of the boat, but inclined, and possibly flared in the extension of the arch 17, and they are completed by the skids 44, 44 ', inclined outwards so that the two pairs 43, 44 and 43', 44 'play the role of two mini-hulls of a mini catamaran, sliding on the water and the air gap 45 imprisoned under the vault 17.
• skirts can be formed by the outer edges of the arch 17, themselves, provided that they are located in the aforementioned plane H.
• FIG. 16 a variant in which the nozzle formed by the particular constitution of the stern of the boat is replaced by a table 48 comprising adjustable vanes 49 and in which one can house pyrotechnic boosters, intended for trigger an instant start of the boat, especially for military purposes.
• a series of variants has been illustrated in FIGS. 18 to 22 can find their application according to the designation of the boat.
• the propellant 50 is mounted on a horizontal support plane 51
• the propellant 52 is carried by a vertical pylon 53 on which are also mounted fins 54, which can themselves be adjustable s, or be of variable geometry, erasing at high speed by coming to take the position in broken line 54 ′, of smaller surface area, and also playing the role of cavitation plates for the propeller 55.
• the pylon 56 may carry several stages of fins 57.
• FIGS. 23a, 23b there is finally shown thrusters constituted by hydrojet s 61 housed in the side keels and ejecting their water above the waterline, these ejections can be individual (fig. 23a) or grouped (fig. 23b).
• one or more propeller propellers can be arranged at the rear, preferably with propellers suitable for operation in an emulsified environment.
• Example I An experimental speedboat was built according to the invention. It was subjected to comparative tests eliminating one or more of the first four means of the invention.
• the digital data for this speedboat are as follows: - power 110 CV (Z DRIVE BMVE 130 thruster),
• the test consists of measuring speeds in both directions on a course between beacons of about 2 km on calm sea and average results.
• the speed of the speedboat comprising the first four means of the invention, which reaches 28 knots, drops to 2-2 knots when the suction of air under the hull is prohibited by slackening the hollow verandas.
• Vé planing hull in V (Vé) having the same dimension and displacement, but without these arrangements, reaches 26 knots, but with an installed power of 260 CV.
• the air intake is the source of a significant gain in efficiency, but insufficient in itself.
• the boats according to the invention combine the advantages of monohulls, in particular with regard to robustness and ease of construction, as well as those of catamarans for their transverse stability.
• the air knife attenuates water shocks, while the possible front traction provides very great longitudinal stability. This results in very great stability even at high speed, which promotes the comfort of the crew and the use of weapons and / or various equipment such as fishing gear.
• the boats according to the invention can have a much greater width than conventional slats without affecting their performance, they can have a very large deck, which, combined with their very great stability, will allow the decking of helicopters on boats of reduced length.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
• Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
• Toys (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=9278073

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (4)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (12)

• 1982
  • 1982-10-06 FR FR8216846A patent/FR2534221A2/fr active Pending
• 1983
  • 1983-10-03 PT PT77448A patent/PT77448B/pt unknown
  • 1983-10-03 MA MA20144A patent/MA19924A1/fr unknown
  • 1983-10-05 IL IL69913A patent/IL69913A0/xx unknown
  • 1983-10-05 AR AR294445A patent/AR230232A1/es active
  • 1983-10-05 KR KR1019830004723A patent/KR840006310A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-10-06 EP EP83440049A patent/EP0105819A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 1983-10-06 GR GR72663A patent/GR81304B/el unknown
  • 1983-10-06 JP JP58503286A patent/JPS59501900A/ja active Pending
  • 1983-10-06 OA OA58130A patent/OA07559A/xx unknown
  • 1983-10-06 WO PCT/FR1983/000203 patent/WO1984001338A1/fr unknown
  • 1983-10-06 AU AU20730/83A patent/AU2073083A/en not_active Abandoned
• 1984
  • 1984-06-04 DK DK275484A patent/DK275484A/da not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (12)

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