WO1979000183A1

WO1979000183A1 - Valorization process of wet draft from breweries and other subproducts from food industries,and basic food for animals obtained with this process

Info

Publication number: WO1979000183A1
Application number: PCT/FR1978/000028
Authority: WO
Inventors: M Adolphe
Original assignee: M Adolphe
Priority date: 1977-10-05
Filing date: 1978-10-04
Publication date: 1979-04-19
Also published as: OA08305A; DE2803754C2; CA1110487A; DE2803754A1; GB1554534A

Abstract

At the brewery itself wet draff are mixed up with yeasts and other organic sub-products collected in the brewery, with a mineral corrector and an ensilage preservative; non proteinic nitrogen can also be added, as well as kaolinite and remainders from other food industries. The same technique can be applied if the breweries draff are substituted by any other food industries sub-product usable for cattle feeding. A good basic foodstuff for animals is obtained, while eliminating the pollution due to food industries sub-products.

Description

process for upgrading wet grains from breweries and other by-products of the food industries, and basic animal feed obtained by this process.

Traditionally certain by-products of the food industries are used for animal feed. This is still for use as is (as-is) by local breeders. This is the case, among other things, for beet pulp and brewer's draff. These are by-products obtained after extraction of food substances, most often by fermentation or heat treatment processes in a humid environment. As a result, these by-products initially contain a large amount of water (at least 80% by weight) as well as degraded constituents (sugar, starch) and yeasts. They are therefore poor products, given their water content, and difficult to store. Three considerations should be kept in mind: a) Dehydration has been practiced for some time, but the cost of energy is now disproportionate to the added value. Dehydration does not improve nutritional value; on the contrary, feeding in the wet phase gives superior results in cattle. b) The distribution of livestock (especially cattle) does not correspond to the establishment of breweries. In addition, there is no coincidence between the needs of cattle and the pace of production. (The production of draff is higher in the summer period; however, at this time, the animals are in the meadow). c) - The current design and layout of food factories does not allow the use, in mixtures, of raw materials containing more than 10 to 15% moisture content. To remedy these drawbacks, the subject of the present invention is a method consisting in treating. advantageously on the spot, the spent grains as they are removed from the filters, to enrich them, to keep them and to package them in appropriate packaging to keep their intrinsic value. The operations break down as follows:

1 °) We start with wet grains, the dry extract content of which is reduced, if possible, from 20 to 33% by weight by centrifugation, passage through cylinders or the press or any other mechanical or thermal process. 2 °) These drafts are enriched with yeast or other organic by-products collected in the brewery, by recycling, through filters loaded with drafts separated from the brew, yeasts, sludges and byproducts of fermentation, the yeasts must first have have been exploded by a thermal process or more simply by hydrolysis, so that their proliferation is stopped.

3 °) Depending on the protein-cellulose balance thus obtained, a suitable conventional mineral corrector is added to the enriched drafts, which essentially provides phosphorus, calcium and trace elements in a precise proportion, suitable for animal feed. . 4 °) A silage preservative, effective in a humid and non-corrosive environment, is also mixed with the grain seeds, the aim of which is in particular to avoid the degradation of nitrogen, the oxidation of fat and the proliferation of fermentations. harmful (butyric). 5 °) The grains can, in particular cases, be enriched also by a nonprotein nitrogen contribution, in the form of urea or nitrogenous derivatives of the same type: fermentation juice ("Protein", mark of there Company ORSAN , France) of gluta acid mique, for example.

It should be noted that contributions 3, 4 and 5 can be made simultaneously, in the case of dry products. This process is discussed below,

I - Maintaining the humid environment

In a conventional manner, the drafts come out of the filters with an average humidity of 85% by weight and at a temperature of 40 ° C. Part of the excess water can be easily removed by a conventional process, preferably mechanical.

On the other hand, there is a humidity linked to plant fragments, the extraction of which would be expensive, and which moreover presents a. interest in assimilation. The increase in the dry extract is therefore limited to the elimination of free water, ie 10 to 15% by weight.

II - Enrichment by recycling the residual brew juices and brewer's yeasts In general, most of the brewer's yeasts are collected separately by centrifugation and the rest is eliminated by passage through diatom filters, the yeast cakes on diatoms are eliminated with the sludge, and the concentrated yeasts separated by centrifugation are stored at low temperature while waiting to be delivered to processors. It is possible, according to the invention, either to dry them and to reincorporate them in the form of powder, or more simply to hydrolyze them and to reinject them in wet phase on the grains, by one or two passages through loaded filters grains, until the juices containing them are used up. The protein and cellulosic elements being retained by the grains, we arrive thus enriching the grains and at the same time reducing the pollution rate of waste water.

This operation does not only concern yeasts, but also yeast cakes on diatoms, sludge and other residual products with food value.

In wet spent grains thus enriched, the proportion of hydrolysed wet yeasts is approximately 1 to 3% by weight. In their traditional state, draff can be eaten as is by animals; cattle in particular commonly consume it as an adjunct. In the case of enriched grains, it is then a source of nitrogen and basic energy.

III - The incorporation of a mineral corrector aims to rebalance the grains to make it a food, or more exactly a nitrogenous mineral concentrate, that is to say a balanced element of the ration and no longer the simple top-up mentioned previously.

IV - The preservative recommended in a humid environment is of the "Monosil +" type, which is based on formate, propionate and calcium acetate, with the addition of urea phosphate intended to accelerate the acidification of the environment for better conservation and increased yields. In the proportion in which they are used, the three calcium salts act first of all as a preservative by lowering the pH and increasing the lactic and acetic fermentations.

On the other hand, there is a stability of the ammoniacal nitrogen and an almost total absence of butyric fermentation. At the same time, animal tests have shown that use in this preservative The content of weak reducing acids, which are already present in the rumen, clearly facilitated the increase in milk and meat yields; these acids play the role of growth factors. Such a preservative is described in French patent n ° 71 31609 and in the utility certificate n ° 73 21928 and is manufactured and sold under the brand "Monosil +" by the company SARAP - CEDIA, France.

V - We must not lose sight of the fact that we are in a humid environment, that the grains of yeast contain yeasts at a more or less advanced stage as well as aerobic microorganisms. The presence of urea (coming from urea phosphate or from an external supply of free urea) causes a release of CO „in a percentage proportionate to the ambient air; CO- is not completely harmful; ultimately, it could play a positive role in conservation (as an inert gas in the packaging bag).

VI - We have considered above the transformation of drafts essentially on the spot, with internal means, plus the use of a mineral corrector, a preservative and possibly urea, but it is quite obvious that others food by-products, such as sugar beet molasses, could be used and incorporated into processed grains to increase or correct their value. As we are already in a humid environment, the use of other liquid products remains temporarily limited.

VII - It is also useful to add to the grains of kaolinite. It is a very pure micronized clay, which has a high absorbent property on the physical plane; therefore, the wet mixture is less fluid and easier to pack and condition. In addition, this kaolinite exerts an action on the intestinal level to slow down the transit. VIII - The process described above not only undoubtedly increases the nutritive value of the grains, but also it brings at the same time a beginning of solution to the problem of pollution by elimination of water loaded with yeast.

Because of this problem, products, even treated, cannot be stored indefinitely in bulk inside the brewery. A characteristic of the invention then consists in conditioning the spent grains in sealed packages and if possible partially or totally deaerated, which constitute mini-silos. Plastic bags; Once. filled, are passed over a vibrator, in order to ensure a compaction which is all the easier the higher the dry extract. After welding, the bags are at least partially deaerated by means of a valve system.

Thus conditioned, the grains can be kept for several months and be transported without losing their nutritional value and without risk of deterioration. At the same time, they can be handled and stored easily without increasing pollution by the juices which otherwise run off. The incorporation rate of the adjuvant constituted by the mineral corrector, the preservative and the urea or the like varies between 1 and 5%, preferably between 2 and 3% by weight, and kaolinite is used at a rate of 1 to 3% by weight, these percentages are based on the weight of wet spent grains enriched with yeasts. In said adjuvant, the proportion of the mineral corrector can vary from approximately 70 to approximately 90% by weight, that of the preservative from approximately 10 to approximately 15% by weight and that of urea or the like from 0 to approximately 15% by weight. weight. From an economic point of view, the grains so valued come to replace other simple products of national origin or often of import (soybeans paid in dollars). They are suitable for consumption directly by animals. The presence of yeasts in particular increases palatability at the same time as the intrinsic value.

Two embodiments of the method according to the invention are described below, by way of purely indicative and in no way limiting examples. All% are by weight.

Example 1:

To the wet grains enriched with yeasts (containing 2% moist hydrolyzed yeasts) are added 2% kaolinite and 2% of an adjuvant having the following composition:

Conservative

Mineral corrector

Guarantees per 100 kg of this adjuvant: total mineral matter 85% At least:

Phosphorus 14.5%

Calcium 23%

Magnesium 3%

Na 5%

Maximum:

Chlorides 5%

Insoluble in HCl 3%

Trace elements

Iron 800 ppm

Copper 340 ppm

Zinc 3000 ppm

Manganese 1,850 ppm

Phosphate D.F.P. is a highly defluorinated double calcium and sodium phosphate. Example 2:

To wet grains enriched with yeasts (containing 2% moist hydrolyzed yeasts) 2% of kaolinite and 2.5% of an adjuvant having the following composition are added:

Urea Urea 45.5 13.5%

Conservative

Mineral corrector

Guarantees per 100 kg of this adjuvant: Total mineral matter 77% At least. : Phosphorus 12% Calcium 20% Mg 3% Na 4%

Maximum: Chlorides 5%

Insoluble in HCl 3% Trace elements Iron 800 ppm Copper 340 ppm Zinc 3,000 ppm

Manganese 1,850 ppm Non-protein nitrogen 43 / N Urea 45.5 is urea containing 45.5% nitrogen.

Special consideration has been given above to the recovery of brewery grains, but it would not go beyond the scope of the invention to apply the same recovery technique, comprising in particular various additions and the addition of tion of a preservative, to all by-products of the food industries, likely to be used for animal feed. It suffices that the mineral and nitrogen supplements (whether in the latter case of protein nitrogen or of non-protein nitrogen) are then adapted to each of said by-products, as a function of their composition, in order to provide a balanced or complementary food. Mention may be made, inter alia, as usable food by-products, beet pulps and meal of fodder plants such as alfalfa, fruit pulps, pulp and grape marc, for example. The processing of these by-products by the recovery process described above for brewer's drafts is only a technical equivalent of this process and it is part of the field of the invention. It is advantageously carried out at the very place where the by-product, whatever it is, is collected.

Claims

1.- Process for the recovery of wet grains from breweries for their use as basic animal feed, by mixing these grains with deactivated brewer's yeasts and other additives, characterized in that the wet grains, possibly after elimination of the 10 to 15% by weight of free water which they contain, with yeasts and other organic by-products collected in the brewery, said yeasts having been previously treated by hydrolysis so that their proliferation is stopped, with a mineral corrector containing essentially phosphorus, calcium and trace elements, and with a silage preservative known per se, based on formate, propionate and calcium acetate and also containing urea phosphate .

2.- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the mixing is carried out at the brewery itself, in a manner known per se.

3.- Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that one adds to the mixture of non-protein nitrogen, in the form of urea or nitrogen derivatives of the same type.

4.- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that at least one other residue from the food industries, such as sugar beet molasses, is added to the mixture, in a manner known per se.

5.- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that one further adds to the mixture of kaolinite.

6.- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the proportion of hydrolysed wet yeasts introduced into the wet grains is approximately 1 to 3% by weight, in that the incorporation rate of the adjuvant constituted by the corrector, mineral, preservative and the substance providing non-protein nitrogen varies between 1 and 5% by weight and in that the kaolinite is used at a rate of 1 at 3% by weight, the latter two ranges of percentages being understood with respect to the weight of wet drafts enriched with yeast.

7.- Method according to claim 6, characterized in that, in said adjuvant, the proportion of the mineral corrector can vary from approximately 70 to approximately 90% by weight, that of the preservative from approximately 10 to approximately 15% by weight and that of the substance providing non-protein nitrogen from 0 to about 15% by weight.

8.- Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that said mixture is packaged in plastic bags, which are partially deaerated after welding, these bags constituting from mini waterproof silos and under partial vacuum .

9.- Basic food for animals, as obtained by the process according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

10.- A method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that one replaces the wet grains of breweries by any by-product of the food industries, capable of being used for feeding the cattle, and in that the mineral and nitrogen supplements carried out are adapted to the composition of said by-product, with a view to obtaining a balanced or complementary feed.

11.- Method according to claim 10, characterized in that said processed by-products are beet pulps, cakes of fodder plants, fruit pulps, pulp and grape marc.

12.- Method according to claim 11, characterized in that the cakes treated are alfalfa cake.

13.- Method according to any one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that said by-product is treated at the same place where it is collected.

14.- Basic food for animals, as obtained by the process according to any one of Claims 10 to 13.