US9451378B2 - Method and apparatus to reproduce multi-channel audio signal in multi-channel speaker system - Google Patents

Method and apparatus to reproduce multi-channel audio signal in multi-channel speaker system Download PDF

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US9451378B2
US9451378B2 US11/845,271 US84527107A US9451378B2 US 9451378 B2 US9451378 B2 US 9451378B2 US 84527107 A US84527107 A US 84527107A US 9451378 B2 US9451378 B2 US 9451378B2
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center
channel
center channel
distance
channel speaker
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US20080212786A1 (en
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Hae-kwang Park
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/008—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic in which the audio signals are in digital form, i.e. employing more than two discrete digital channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S3/00—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic
    • H04S3/02—Systems employing more than two channels, e.g. quadraphonic of the matrix type, i.e. in which input signals are combined algebraically, e.g. after having been phase shifted with respect to each other
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S5/00—Pseudo-stereo systems, e.g. in which additional channel signals are derived from monophonic signals by means of phase shifting, time delay or reverberation 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S7/00—Indicating arrangements; Control arrangements, e.g. balance control
    • H04S7/30—Control circuits for electronic adaptation of the sound field
    • H04S7/302—Electronic adaptation of stereophonic sound system to listener position or orientation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2420/00—Techniques used stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2420/05—Application of the precedence or Haas effect, i.e. the effect of first wavefront, in order to improve sound-source localisation

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  • the present general inventive concept relates to a multi-channel speaker system, and more particularly, to a method and an apparatus to reproduce a multi-channel audio signal that performs mixing of a signal of a center channel to left and right channels in a home theater system.
  • Home theater systems reproduce video and audio that are recorded in various recording media such as DVDs, HDDs, tapes or the like and output the video reproduced from the recording media onto wide screen televisions.
  • home theater systems separate and output audio channels of audio reproduced from recording media, for example, multi-channel audio of 5.1 channel surround sound that is reproduced from DVD through six speakers that are separated and equipped at different locations.
  • home theater systems simply perform mixing of audio signals of left and right channels and output the audio signals of the left and right channels as an audio signal of a center channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual view illustrating an effect of a time-delayed signal, which occurs according to a listener's location in conventional mixing of a center sound.
  • two speakers SL and SR are arranged at left and right sides, and a listener is positioned in the front center of the two speakers.
  • a sound signal is directly input to the left speaker SL, and a sound delayed by a time ⁇ d is input to the right speaker SR.
  • the sound image is positioned in the center A of the two speakers SL and SR.
  • the delayed time difference ⁇ d gradually increases, the left signal arrives more quickly at the ears of the listener than the right signal, and the sound image is gradually moved towards a left side.
  • a moving degree of the sound image is gradually changed according to the type of sound source and the listener's location. However, the sound image is moved in proportion to the time difference ⁇ d towards each speaker from the center of the speakers at a time difference of less than 1 ms. The sound image sounds as if a sound is output from only one speaker at a time difference in the range of 1 to 30 ms.
  • a center sound, on which mixing is performed may be heard from only one speaker, which is closest to a listener, using a conventional mixing manner of a center sound.
  • the present general inventive concept provides a method and apparatus to reproduce a multi-channel audio signal on which mixing is performed with respect to left and right channels by reflecting a time delay according to a location of a speaker with respect to a signal of a center channel in a home theater system.
  • the present general inventive concept also provides a multi-channel speaker system in which a method and an apparatus for reproducing multi-channel audio signals.
  • the foregoing and/or other aspects and utilities of the present general inventive concept may be achieved by providing a method of reproducing a multi-channel audio signal including calculating a delay value of a center channel signal according to location relationships of a listener, a center channel speaker and other channel speakers, regulating a time delay of the center channel signal according to the calculated delay value, and mixing the time-delay regulated center channel signal with other channel signals.
  • an apparatus to reproduce a multi-channel audio signal including a delay unit to time-delay a signal of a center channel according to a delay value of the center channel, which is calculated according to location relationships of a listener, a center channel speaker and other channel speakers, a mixing gain unit to regulate a gain of a center channel signal by providing a gain value, which is already set, to the time-delayed center channel signal, and a mixing unit to mix the signal of the center channel, on which the time delay is performed and a gain is regulated, with signals of other channels.
  • FIG. 1 is a conceptual view illustrating an effect of a time-delayed signal, which occurs according to a listener's location in conventional mixing of a center sound;
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual view of a method of reproducing a multi-channel signal according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a multi-channel speaker system according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the mixing processing unit 330 illustrated in FIG. 3 ;
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a common Haas effect in terms of equations.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are arrangement views to calculate movement and orientation of a sound image according to a listener's location when a right speaker and a center speaker are used, according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept.
  • FIG. 2 is a conceptual view of a method of reproducing a multi-channel signal according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept.
  • mixing is performed between an audio signal of the center channel C and audio signals of the left channel L and the right channel R.
  • mixing is performed between the audio signal of the center channel C and audio signals of the left surround channel SL and the right surround channel SR.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a multi-channel speaker system according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept.
  • the multi-channel speaker system includes a decoder 310 , a controlling unit 320 and a mixing processing unit 330 .
  • the decoder 310 separates N channel audio bit streams input from a signal reproducer into audio signals having N channels (e.g. a left channel L, a right channel R, a center channel C, a left surround channel SL and a right surround channel SR).
  • N channels e.g. a left channel L, a right channel R, a center channel C, a left surround channel SL and a right surround channel SR.
  • the controlling unit 320 recognizes locations of the listener and a speaker of each channel, and calculates a delay value of a signal of the center channel C according to location relations of the listener, a center channel speaker and another channel speaker. Since methods of recognizing a location are well known to one of ordinary skill in the art, the embodiments herein are not limited to a specific method. As an example, the locations of the listener and the speaker can be recognized by using a camera or an ultrasonic sensor.
  • the delay value is calculated using a processing method including calculating a signal delay and a signal sound pressure level difference between a center channel speaker and another channel speaker, calculating a distance for which a sound image of a center channel is moved from the center of the two speakers, setting a threshold from a sound pressure level difference between two channel speakers, and converting a distance between a listener and each of two speakers into the delay value within the threshold.
  • the delay value is a parameter that can localize a signal of a center channel to the location of the center speaker irrespective of a change in the listener's location.
  • the mixing processing unit 330 regulates a time delay of the center channel signal separated by the decoder 310 according to the delay value calculated by the controlling unit 320 , and performs mixing the signal of the center channel with the signals of another channel separated by the decoder 310 by providing a mixing gain value that is already set to the center channel of which a time delay is regulated.
  • FIG. 4 is a view of the mixing processing unit 330 illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • first, second, third, fourth and fifth gain units 411 , 412 , 413 , 414 and 415 respectively regulate gains of a left channel L signal, a right channel R signal, a center channel C signal, a left surround channel SL signal and a right surround channel RL signal. That is, the gain of the left channel L signal is changed by a gain value G L of the first gain unit 411 . The gain of the center channel C signal is changed by a gain value G C of the second gain unit 412 . The gain of the right channel R signal is changed by a gain value G R of the third gain unit 413 . The gain of the left surround channel SL signal is changed by a gain value G SL of the fourth gain unit 414 . The gain of the right surround channel SR signal is changed by a gain value G SR of the fifth gain unit 415 .
  • a first delay unit 421 reflects a delay value D 1 according to the locations of speakers in order to delay the center channel C signal for a predetermined period of time.
  • a first mixing gain unit 441 provides a fixed gain value C 1 to the center channel C signal that is delayed in the first delay unit 421 in order to perform mixing between the center channel C signal and each of the left and right channel L and R signals.
  • a second delay unit 431 reflects a delay value D 2 according to the locations of speakers to delay the center channel C signal that is delayed in the first delay unit 421 for a predetermined period of time.
  • a second mixing gain unit 442 provides a fixed gain value C 2 to the center channel C signal that is delayed in the second delay unit 431 in order to perform mixing between the center channel C signal and each of the left and right surround channel L and R signals.
  • a first mixing unit 462 performs mixing between the left channel L signal output by the first gain unit 411 and the center channel C signal output by the first mixing gain unit 441 .
  • a second mixing unit 464 performs mixing between the right channel R signal output by the third gain unit 413 and the center channel C signal output by the first mixing gain unit 441 .
  • a third mixing unit 466 performs mixing between the left surround channel L signal output by the fourth gain unit 414 and the center channel C signal output by the second mixing gain unit 442 .
  • a fourth mixing unit 468 performs mixing between the right surround channel R signal output by the fifth gain unit 415 and the center channel C signal output by the second mixing gain unit 442 .
  • FIG. 5 is a graph illustrating a common Haas effect in terms of equations.
  • an X-axis represents a time delay
  • a Y-axis represents a volume level difference. That is, the graph illustrated in FIG. 5 illustrates the relationship between the time delay and the volume level difference.
  • a volume level difference should be maintained at 7.5 dB.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B are arrangement views to calculate movement and orientation of a sound image according to a listener's location when a right speaker and a center speaker are used, according to an embodiment of the present general inventive concept.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B an operation of setting the delay value and the gain value as illustrated in FIG. 4 will be described.
  • d R ⁇ square root over (( H ) 2 +( D/ 2 ⁇ d listener ) 2 ) ⁇ Equation 2
  • d C sqrt[( H ) 2 +( D/ 2 +d listener ) 2 ] Equation 3
  • d diff d C ⁇ d R Equation 4
  • Equation 1 A sound pressure level difference P D according to a distance ratio between the listener and each of the left and right speakers is given by Equation 6.
  • P D 20 log(d R /d C ) Equation 6
  • Equation 7 a total sound pressure level difference P t is given by Equation 7.
  • P H is a sound pressure level difference according to a level ratio of a signal.
  • P t P H +P D Equation 7
  • Equation 9 The two angle ⁇ ′ s between the two speakers, between which the sound image exists, can be given by Equation 9.
  • ⁇ s ′ 1 2 ⁇ cos - 1 ⁇ ( d R 2 + d C 2 - D 2 2 ⁇ d R ⁇ d C ) Equation ⁇ ⁇ 9
  • angles ⁇ x , ⁇ y and ⁇ z which are used to calculate a distance d 1 in which the sound image is moved from the center of the two left and right speakers, can be given by Equations 10, 11 and 12, respectively.
  • Equation 13 a distance d 1 , in which the sound image is moved from the center of the two speakers, is given be Equation 13.
  • a sound image direction ⁇ ′ d that is calculated in the listener's location according to the sound pressure level difference k of the left and right speakers is given by Equation 14 with respect to the angle ⁇ ′ s between the two speakers where the sound image exists.
  • ⁇ d ′ sin - 1 ⁇ ( 1 - k 1 + k ⁇ sin ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ s ′ ) Equation ⁇ ⁇ 14
  • the distance difference d diff given by Equation 4 may be a negative enough value in order to prevent the sound image of the center speaker from moving.
  • the center sound can be prevented from being moved so as to have a time difference of 6 ms or more according to the Haas effect illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the distance which the sound image is moved can be given with respect to the time difference t diff using Equation 5.
  • the delay value D 1 of the first delay unit 421 illustrated in FIG. 4 may be set as 6 ms or more in order to prevent the sound image of the center sound from moving.
  • the delay value D 2 of the second delay unit 431 illustrated in FIG. 4 may be determined as the delay value D 1 +5 ms.
  • the delay value D 1 may be determined as a value in the range of 5 to 15 ms.
  • Mixing gains C 1 and C 2 may be determined so that gains of the center channel signal and another channel signal do not differ greatly.
  • Equations 16 and 17 below are two examples of equations that are used to determine the mixing gains C 1 and C 2 .
  • ⁇ is determined as a constant of 1 or less.
  • Equation 17 is an example of determining a mixing gain when the mixing gain C 2 is 0.
  • ⁇ is determined as a constant of 1 or less.
  • the embodiment herein can also be embodied as computer readable codes on a computer readable recording medium.
  • the computer readable recording medium is any data storage device that can store data which can be thereafter read by a computer system. Examples of the computer readable recording medium include read-only memory (ROM), random-access memory (RAM), CD-ROMs, magnetic tapes, floppy disks, optical data storage devices, and carrier waves (such as data transmission through the Internet).
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random-access memory
  • CD-ROMs compact discs
  • magnetic tapes magnetic tapes
  • floppy disks optical data storage devices
  • carrier waves such as data transmission through the Internet
  • tone heterogeneity due to a poor location of a center speaker and a difference in speaker units can be overcome, and articulation of a speech can be improved using a new center channel mixing method without reducing a multi-channel effect.
  • the present general inventive concept is more effective in a common dwelling environment in which volume cannot be freely increased.
  • the volume reproduced using the embodiments herein is the same value as the sum in terms of energy of a sound that arrives to the ears of a listener and a sound that is delayed.

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