Classifications

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  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D498/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D498/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing in the condensed system at least one hetero ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D498/08—Bridged systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
  • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/18—Antipsychotics, i.e. neuroleptics; Drugs for mania or schizophrenia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
  • A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D401/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
  • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
  • C07D405/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • C07D405/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings
  • C07D413/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing two hetero rings linked by a carbon chain containing aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D413/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
  • C07D413/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a heterocyclic compound having a cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (in the present specification, sometimes to be abbreviated as “CH24H”) inhibitory action, pharmaceutical composition comprising same, and the like.
• CH24H cholesterol 24-hydroxylase
• Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by the deposition of amyloid ⁇ protein (A ⁇ ), accumulation of phosphorylated tau in a nerve cell (neurofibrillary tangle), and nerve cell death.
• a ⁇ amyloid ⁇ protein
• nerve cell nerve cell
• AchE acetylcholinesterase
• Cyp46 (same as “cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H)”), which is cholesterol oxidase specifically expressed in the brain, is a risk factor of Alzheimer's disease [non-patent document 4: Neurosci. Lett., vol. 328, pages 9-12, 2002]. Furthermore, it has also been reported that Cyp46(CH24H) is expressed in periphery of deposited amyloid in Alzheimer patients [non-patent document 5: J. Biol. Chem., vol.
• 24S-hydroxycholesterol which is a metabolite thereof, increases in the brain spinal cord fluid (CSF) of Alzheimer patients [non-patent document 6: Neurosci. Lett., vol. 324, pages 83-85, 2002, non-patent document 7: Neurosci. Lett., vol. 397, pages 83-87, 2006] and that 24-HC induces cell death of SH-SY5Y cell, which is a human neuroblast line [non-patent document 8: Brain Res., vol.
• Cyp46(CH24H) inhibitor suppresses nerve cell death, A ⁇ increase, intracerebral inflammation and the like observed in Alzheimer's disease, by decreasing intracerebral 24-HC, and is promising as a therapeutic or prophylactic drug showing not only an improvement of symptom but also a suppression of progression.
• AchE inhibitor clinically used as a therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease shows an improving effect on memory disorders induced by A ⁇ in mouse [non-patent document 10: British Journal of Pharmacology, vol.
• Cyp46(CH24H) inhibitor showing an improvement effect for memory disorders in A ⁇ overexpression animal model (APP transgenic mouse, APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse etc.) is promising as a therapeutic drug for Alzheimer's disease.
• Traumatic brain injury (also referred to as TBI in the present specification) is a condition exerting an extremely harmful influence on the health of individual, for which no effective cure has been established.
• TBI Traumatic brain injury
• reconstruction of nerve cell membrane and distribution of intracerebral cholesterol activated along with the growth of glial cell are suggested [non-patent document 13: Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol. 102, pages 8333-8338, 2005].
• Cyp46(CH24H) after trauma has been reported [non-patent document 14: J. Neurotrauma, vol. 25, pages 1087-1098, 2008].
• Non-patent document 15 NeuroReport, vol. 16, pages 909-913, 2005].
• an intracerebral inflammation reaction accompanied by activation of glial cell is a pathological change characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases [non-patent document 16: Glia, vol. 50, pages 427-434, 2005].
• a therapeutic effect by suppression of intracerebral inflammation has also been reported for neurodegenerative diseases such as Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and the like [non-patent document 17: Mol. Neurodegeneration, vol.
• Glaucoma is the main cause of blindness, and is considered a serious social problem.
• normal intraocular pressure type field stenosis which is the major symptom of the disease, has no effective cure.
• gene polymorphism of Cyp46(CH24H) associated with high blood 24-HC is related to the risk of the onset of glaucoma [non-patent document 18: Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci., vol. 50, pages 5712-5717, 2009], and Cyp46(CH24H) inhibitor is promising as a therapeutic or prophylactic drug for glaucoma.
• Spasm is a disease that occurs in fits along with abnormal electric excitement of intracerebral nerve cells. Spasm is also one of the characteristic clinical findings in Alzheimer's disease [non-patent document 19: Epilepsia, vol. 47, pages 867-872, 2006], and it has been reported that spasm is highly frequently developed in APP/PS1 double transgenic mouse which is one kind of Alzheimer's disease models due to A ⁇ overexpression [non-patent document 20: J. Neurosci., vol. 29, pages 3453-3462, 2012].
• Examples of the compound having a structure similar to the present compound include the following compounds.
• Patent document 1 discloses the following compound:
• X 1 , X 2 and X 3 are independently N, O, S, C or the like;
• G 1 is CR a R b , NR 7 , or optionally substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycloalkyl;
• G 2 is a single bond, optionally substituted alkyl or the like;
• R 1 is aryl, nitrogen-containing heteroaryl or the like;
• R 2 is optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or the like;
• R 3 and R 4 are independently H, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or the like;
• R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are independently H, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or the like;
• R a and R b are independently H, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or the like, as an agent for the treatment of inflammation disease, Alzheimer's disease and the like.
• Patent document 2 discloses the following compound:
• V is carbonyl or the like; A is N or C(H); R 1 is H, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl or the like; R 2 , R 2a , R 3 , R 3a , R 4 , R 4a , R 5 and R 5a are independently H, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or the like; R 6 is —R 8 —OR 10 , optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heterocycloalkyl, optionally substituted heteroaryl or the like; R 8 is a single bond, alkynylene or alkenylene; and R 9 and R 10 are independently H, halogen, optionally substituted alkyl or the like, as an agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease, age-related dementia and the like.
• Patent document 3 discloses the following compound:
• A-B is N—O, O—N or N(H)—N;
• R 1 is H, C 1-8 alkyl, C 1-8 alkoxy, hydroxy, halogen or the like;
• R 2 is H, aryl, heteroaryl, C 1-6 alkyl or the like;
• Q is a nitrogen-containing ring (the following formula (IIb) etc.)
• R 6 is H, hydroxy, aryl or the like; X, Y and Z are independently O, NR 7 or CR 7 2 ; R 7 is, H, C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-8 alkenyl, C 1-4 alkoxy, heteroaryl-C 1-6 alkyl, aryl-C 1-6 alkyl or the like; and n is 0-3, as an agent for the treatment of diseases associated with immune disease, dementia, hypertension, diabetes and the like (e.g., Alzheimer's disease etc.)
• Patent document 4 discloses the following compound:
• Ht is a heterocyclic group (pyrrol-3-yl, [1,2,4]triazol-3-yl, [1,2,3]triazol-4-yl or tetrazol-5-yl, the pyrrol-3-yl has R 3 and Qn-R 4 , and the [1,2,4]triazol-3-yl or [1,2,3]triazol-4-yl has R 3 or Qn-R 4 ); T and Q are independently —C(O)— or the like; m and n are independently 0-1; R 2 is R or the like; R 3 is R 7 , halogen, cyano or the like; R is a C 1-6 hydrocarbon group, C 6-10 aryl, C 6-10 heteroaryl, C 3-10 heterocycloalkyl or the like; and R 7 is H, an optionally substituted C 1-6 hydrocarbon group or the like, as an agent for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease and the like.
• An object of the present invention is to provide a compound having a superior CH24H inhibitory action, which is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like), epilepsy, schizophrenia and the like.
• neurodegenerative disease e.g., Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like
• epilepsy e.g., epilepsy, schizophrenia and the like.
• the present inventors have conducted intensive studies in an attempt to solve the above-mentioned problem and found that a compound represented by the following formula (I) has a superior CH24H inhibitory action, which resulted in the completion of the present invention.
• the present invention provides the following.
• R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group
• R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group
• R 3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group
• ring A is a further optionally substituted piperidine ring (the piperidine ring is optionally bridged)
• ring B is a further optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring
• X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom), or a salt thereof.
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom; and ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms.
• ring B is benzene, thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, pyridine or pyrazine
• X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom), each of which is, in addition to R 3 and —C( ⁇ O)-ring A, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• Compound (I) has a superior CH24H inhibitory action, which is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like), epilepsy, schizophrenia and the like.
• neurodegenerative disease e.g., Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like
• epilepsy e.g., epilepsy, schizophrenia and the like.
• halogen atom means a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom or an iodine atom.
• C 1-6 alkyl (group) means, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl or the like.
• C 2-6 alkenyl (group) means, for example, vinyl, 1-propenyl, 2-propenyl, 2-methyl-1-propenyl, 1-butenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, 1-pentenyl, 2-pentenyl, 3-pentenyl, 4-pentenyl, 4-methyl-3-pentenyl, 1-hexenyl, 3-hexenyl, 5-hexenyl or the like.
• C 2-6 alkynyl (group) means, for example, ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl, 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, 1-pentynyl, 2-pentynyl, 3-pentynyl, 4-pentynyl, 1,1-dimethylprop-2-yn-1-yl, 1-hexynyl, 2-hexynyl, 3-hexynyl, 4-hexynyl, 5-hexynyl or the like.
• C 1-6 alkoxy (group) means, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, isobutoxy, sec-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, hexyloxy or the like.
• C 2-6 alkenyloxy (group) means, for example, vinyloxy, 1-propenyloxy, 2-propenyloxy, 2-methyl-1-propenyloxy, 1-butenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, 3-methyl-2-butenyloxy, 1-pentenyloxy, 2-pentenyloxy, 3-pentenyloxy, 4-pentenyloxy, 4-methyl-3-pentenyloxy, 1-hexenyloxy, 3-hexenyloxy, 5-hexenyloxy or the like.
• C 2-6 alkynyloxy (group) means, for example, ethynyloxy, 1-propynyloxy, 2-propynyloxy, 1-butynyloxy, 2-butynyloxy, 3-butynyloxy, 1-pentynyloxy, 2-pentynyloxy, 3-pentynyloxy, 4-pentynyloxy, 1,1-dimethylprop-2-yn-1-yloxy, 1-hexynyloxy, 2-hexynyloxy, 3-hexynyloxy, 4-hexynyloxy, 5-hexynyloxy or the like.
• C 1-6 alkylenedioxy (group) means, for example, methylenedioxy, ethylenedioxy or the like.
• C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl (group) means, for example, methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, propoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, butoxycarbonyl, isobutoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl or the like.
• C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (group) means, for example, acetyl, propanoyl, butanoyl, 2-methylpropanoyl or the like.
• the “mono-C 1-6 alkylamino (group)” means, for example, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, butylamino, isobutylamino, tert-butylamino or the like.
• di-C 1-6 alkylamino (group) means, for example, dimethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino, diisopropylamino, dibutylamino, diisobutylamino, di-tert-butylamino or the like.
• C 3-8 cycloalkyl (group) means, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl or the like.
• C 3-6 cycloalkyl (group) means, for example, cycloalkyl having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, from among the above-mentioned C 3-8 cycloalkyl (group).
• C 3-8 cycloalkyloxy (group) means, for example, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, cycloheptyloxy, cyclooctyloxy or the like.
• C 3-6 cycloalkyloxy (group) means, for example, cyclopropyloxy, cyclobutyloxy, cyclopentyloxy, cyclohexyloxy or the like.
• C 3-8 cycloalkenyl (group) means, for example, cyclopropenyl (e.g., 2-cyclopropen-1-yl), cyclobutenyl (e.g., 2-cyclobuten-1-yl), cyclopentenyl (e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl), cyclohexenyl (e.g., 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl) or the like.
• cyclopropenyl e.g., 2-cyclopropen-1-yl
• cyclobutenyl e.g., 2-cyclobuten-1-yl
• cyclopentenyl e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-yl, 3-cyclopenten-1-yl
• cyclohexenyl e.g., 2-cyclohexen-1-yl, 3-cyclohexen-1-yl
• C 3-8 cycloalkenyloxy (group) means, for example, cyclopropenyloxy (e.g., 2-cyclopropen-1-yloxy), cyclobutenyloxy (e.g., 2-cyclobuten-1-yloxy), cyclopentenyloxy (e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-yloxy, 3-cyclopenten-1-yloxy), cyclohexenyloxy (e.g., 2-cyclohexen-1-yloxy, 3-cyclohexen-1-yloxy) or the like.
• cyclopropenyloxy e.g., 2-cyclopropen-1-yloxy
• cyclobutenyloxy e.g., 2-cyclobuten-1-yloxy
• cyclopentenyloxy e.g., 2-cyclopenten-1-yloxy, 3-cyclopenten-1-yloxy
• cyclohexenyloxy e.g., 2-cyclohexen
• C 6-14 aryl (group) means, for example, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl or the like.
• C 6-14 aryloxy (group) means, for example, phenoxy, 1-naphthyloxy, 2-naphthyloxy or the like.
• C 7-14 aralkyl (group) means, for example, benzyl, phenethyl or the like.
• C 7-14 aralkyloxy (group) means, for example, benzyloxy, phenethyloxy or the like.
• heterocyclic group means an aromatic heterocyclic group or a non-aromatic heterocyclic group.
• aromatic heterocyclic group means a monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group or a fused aromatic heterocyclic group.
• examples of the “monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group” include a 5- to 7-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom (optionally oxidized) and a nitrogen atom (optionally oxidized).
• Examples thereof include furyl (e.g., 2-furyl, 3-furyl), thienyl (e.g., 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), pyridyl (e.g., 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl), pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl), pyrazinyl (e.g., 2-pyrazinyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl), imidazolyl (e.g., 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyr
• examples of the “fused aromatic heterocyclic group” include a 8- to 12-membered fused aromatic heterocyclic group, specifically, a group derived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group is fused with a C 6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon; and a group derived from a fused ring wherein rings corresponding to the 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic groups are fused.
• Examples thereof include quinolyl (e.g., 2-quinolyl, 3-quinolyl, 4-quinolyl, 6-quinolyl), isoquinolyl (e.g., 3-isoquinolyl), quinazolyl (e.g., 2-quinazolyl, 4-quinazolyl), quinoxalyl (e.g., 2-quinoxalyl, 6-quinoxalyl), benzofuranyl (e.g., 2-benzofuranyl, 3-benzofuranyl), benzothienyl (e.g., 2-benzothienyl, 3-benzothienyl), benzoxazolyl (e.g., 2-benzoxazolyl), benzisoxazolyl (e.g., 7-benzisoxazolyl), benzothiazolyl (e.g., 2-benzothiazolyl), benzimidazolyl (e.g., benzimidazol-1-yl, benzimidazol-2-yl,
• non-aromatic heterocyclic group means a monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group or a fused non-aromatic heterocyclic group.
• examples of the “monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group” include a 3- to 8-membered (preferably 5- or 6-membered) monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom (optionally oxidized) and a nitrogen atom (optionally oxidized).
• Examples thereof include azetidinyl (e.g., 1-azetidinyl, 2-azetidinyl), pyrrolidinyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolidinyl, 2-pyrrolidinyl), piperidyl (e.g., piperidino, 2-piperidyl, 3-piperidyl, 4-piperidyl), morpholinyl (e.g., morpholino), thiomorpholinyl (e.g., thiomorpholino), piperazinyl (e.g., 1-piperazinyl, 2-piperazinyl, 3-piperazinyl), oxazolidinyl (e.g., oxazolidin-2-yl), thiazolidinyl (e.g., thiazolidin-2-yl), dihydrothiopyranyl (e.g., dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, dihydrothiopyran-4-yl), imidazo
• examples of the “fused non-aromatic heterocyclic group” include a 8- to 12-membered fused non-aromatic heterocyclic group, specifically, a group derived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 3- to 8-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group is fused with a C 6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon; a group derived from a fused ring wherein rings corresponding to the 3- to 8-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic groups are fused; a group derived from a fused ring wherein a ring corresponding to the 3- to 8-membered monocyclic non-aromatic heterocyclic group is fused with a ring corresponding to the 5- to 7-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocyclic group; and a group wherein the above-mentioned group is partially saturated.
• Examples thereof include dihydroindolyl (e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-1-yl), dihydroisoindolyl (e.g., 1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl), dihydrobenzofuranyl (e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl), tetrahydrobenzofuranyl (e.g., 4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-3-yl), dihydrobenzodioxinyl (e.g., 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-2-yl), dihydrobenzodioxepinyl (e.g., 3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-2-yl), chromenyl (e.g., 4H-chromen-2-yl, 2H-chromen-3
• examples of the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” include furyl (e.g., 2-furyl, 3-furyl), thienyl (e.g., 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl), pyridyl (e.g., 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl), pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl), pyrazinyl (e.g., 2-pyrazinyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl), imidazolyl (e.g., 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), pyrazolyl (
• examples of the “5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group” include a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom, and optionally containing 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.
• Examples thereof include pyridyl (e.g., 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl), pyrimidinyl (e.g., 2-pyrimidinyl, 4-pyrimidinyl, 5-pyrimidinyl), pyridazinyl (e.g., 3-pyridazinyl, 4-pyridazinyl), pyrazinyl (e.g., 2-pyrazinyl), pyrrolyl (e.g., 1-pyrrolyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl), imidazolyl (e.g., 1-imidazolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl), pyrazolyl (e.g., 1-pyrazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 4-pyrazolyl), thiazolyl (e.g., 2-thiazolyl, 4-thiazolyl, 5-thiazolyl), isothiazolyl (e
• C 6-14 aromatic hydrocarbon means, for example, benzene, naphthalene or the like.
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” means, for example, benzene, a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle or the like.
• examples of the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocycle” include a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycle containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, 1 to 4 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom (optionally oxidized) and a nitrogen atom (optionally oxidized).
• Examples thereof include furan, thiophene, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, triazine and the like.
• examples of the “5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle” include a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing, as a ring-constituting atom besides carbon atoms, at least one nitrogen atom, and optionally containing 1 or 2 hetero atoms selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom.
• Examples thereof include pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, pyrazine, pyrrole, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, isothiazole, oxazole, isoxazole, oxadiazole, thiadiazole, triazole, tetrazole, triazine and the like.
• R 1 is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group.
• R 2 is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group.
• C 1-6 alkyl group” of “optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group” for R 1 or R 2 optionally has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include substituents selected from the following Substituent Group A. When the number of substituents is two or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
• R 1 is preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group (preferably a C 1-3 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl)) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• R 1 is preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group (preferably a C 1-3 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl)) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• R 1 is more preferably a C 1-6 alkyl group (preferably a C 1-3 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl)) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a C 1-6 alkyl group (preferably a C 1-3 alkyl group (e.g., methyl)), particularly preferably a hydrogen atom.
• R 3 is an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group.
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” of the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic to group” for R 3 is preferably a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), more preferably a group represented by
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom; and ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl).
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” of the “optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group” for R 3 optionally has 1 to 5 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include substituents selected from the following Substituent Group B. When the number of substituents is two or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
• R 3 is preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom).
• R 3 is preferably an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl).
• R 3 is more preferably a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom).
• a 5- or 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocyclic group preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl
• 1 to 3 halogen atoms e.g., a fluorine atom
• R 3 is particularly preferably a group represented by
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom).
• ring A is a further optionally substituted piperidine ring (the piperidine ring is optionally bridged).
• the “piperidine ring” of the “further optionally substituted piperidine ring” for ring A is optionally bridged.
• Examples of the bridged piperidine ring include oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane and the like.
• the “piperidine ring” of the “further optionally substituted piperidine ring” for ring A optionally has, besides R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B, 1 to 4 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include substituents selected from the above-mentioned Substituent Group B. When the number of substituents is two or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
• Ring A is preferably a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B, or an oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B.
• Ring A is more preferably a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B.
• ring B is a further optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring (X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom).
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” of the “further optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” for ring B is preferably benzene, thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, pyridine or pyrazine (X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom), more preferably
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” of the “further optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” for ring B is preferably a 6-membered aromatic ring (X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom), more preferably benzene, pyridine or pyrazine.
• the “5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” of the “further optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring” for ring B optionally has, besides R 3 and —C( ⁇ O)-ring A, 1 to 4 (preferably 1 to 3) substituents at substitutable positions.
• substituents include substituents selected from the above-mentioned Substituent Group B. When the number of substituents is two or more, the substituents may be the same or different.
• ring B is preferably a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring (preferably benzene, thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, pyridine or pyrazine)
• X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom
• R 3 and —C( ⁇ O)-ring A optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• ring B is preferably a 6-membered aromatic ring (X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, preferably benzene, pyridine or pyrazine), which is, in addition to R 3 and —C( ⁇ O)-ring A, optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• compound (I) include the following compounds.
• R 1 is a C 1-6 alkyl group (preferably a C 1-3 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl)) optionally substituted by 1 to 3 substituents selected from
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom)
• ring A is a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B
• ring B is
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom)
• ring A is a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B, or an oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B
• ring B is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring (preferably benzene, thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole,
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom)
• ring A is a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B
• ring B is a 5- or 6-membered aromatic ring (preferably benzene, thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, pyridine or pyrazine)
• X and Y are independently a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom), which is, in addition to R 3 and —C( ⁇ O)-ring A,
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom)
• ring A is a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B, or an oxa-9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B
• ring B is benzene, thiazole, isoxazole, pyrazole, pyridine or pyrazine
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen m atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom)
• ring A is a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B
• ring B is
• ring C 1 is an optionally substituted 6-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom
• ring C 2 is an optionally substituted 5-membered nitrogen-containing aromatic heterocycle containing at least one nitrogen atom, (preferably pyridyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl or oxazolyl), each of which is optionally substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms (e.g., a fluorine atom)
• ring A is a piperidine ring having no substituent other than R 1 , R 2 —O— and —C( ⁇ O)-ring B
• ring B is
• compound (I) when compound (I) is in a form of a salt, examples thereof include metal salts, an ammonium salt, salts with organic base, salts with inorganic acid, salts with organic acid, salts with basic or acidic amino acid, and the like.
• metal salts include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt, potassium salt and the like; alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt, magnesium salt, barium salt and the like; an aluminum salt, and the like.
• salts with organic base include salts with trimethylamine, triethylamine, pyridine, picoline, 2,6-lutidine, ethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, cyclohexylamine, dicyclohexylamine, N,N′-dibenzylethylenediamine and the like.
• salts with inorganic acid include salts with hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like.
• the salt with organic acid include salts with formic acid, acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, malic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic, acid and the like.
• Preferable examples of the salt with basic amino acid include salts with arginine, lysine, ornithine and the like.
• Preferable examples of the salt with acidic amino acid include salts with aspartic acid, glutamic acid and the like.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable salt is preferable.
• examples thereof include inorganic salts such as alkali metal salts (e.g., sodium salt, potassium salt etc.), alkaline earth metal salts (e.g., calcium salt, magnesium salt etc.) and the like, ammonium salt etc.
• examples thereof include salts with inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and salts with organic acid such as acetic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and the like.
• the compound of the present invention and the starting compounds can be produced by a method known per se, for example, by method shown in the following scheme and the like.
• the “room temperature” generally means 0-40° C. and, unless otherwise specified, each symbol in the chemical formulas described in the schemes is as defined above.
• each compound includes salts, and examples of such salt include those similar to the salts of the compound of the present invention and the like.
• the compound obtained in each step can be used directly as the reaction mixture or as a crude product for the next reaction. It can also be isolated from a reaction mixture by a conventional method, and can be easily purified by a separation means such as recrystallization, distillation, chromatography and the like. When the compound in the formula is commercially available, a commercially available product can also be used directly.
• the ring in the formula (1) has a substituent
• the corresponding precursor also has a similar substituent.
• the starting compound has an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxy group or a heterocyclic group
• these groups may be protected by a protecting group generally used in peptide chemistry and the like.
• a protecting group generally used in peptide chemistry and the like.
• the protection and deprotection can be performed according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1999) (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts).
• P 1 is a carboxy-protecting group
• P 2 is a protecting group for the nitrogen atom of amine or amide
• the protecting group known per se can be used.
• P 1 is preferably a benzyl group, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a tert-butyl group or the like
• P 2 is preferably a tert-butoxycarbonyl group, a benzyloxycarbonyl group, a benzyl group or the like.
• Examples of the “leaving group” for LG 1 -LG 4 include a halogen atom (e.g., a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc.), C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by halogen atom(s) (e.g., a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom etc.) (e.g., methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy etc.), C 6-10 arylsulfonyloxy optionally substituted by C 1-6 alkyl group(s) (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-eth
• LG 1 -LG 4 a substituent capable of converting to a leaving group is encompassed in LG 1 -LG 4 , and it can be converted to a leaving group by a reaction known per se in a desired step.
• LG 1 -LG 4 is a methylthio group, it is converted to a methanesulfonyl group by oxidation reaction.
• each step can be performed without solvent, or by dissolving or suspending starting material compound in a suitable solvent prior to the reaction.
• solvent may be used alone, or two or more kinds of these solvents may be mixed in an appropriate ratio and used.
• Specific examples of the solvent used for the production method of the compound of the present invention include the followings.
• alcohols methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, tert-butyl alcohol, 2-methoxyethanol etc.
• ethers diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, diphenyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, 1,2-dimethoxyethane etc.
• aromatic hydrocarbons benzene, chlorobenzene, toluene, xylene etc.
• amides N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, hexamethylphosphoric triamide etc.
• halogenated hydrocarbons dichloromethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, 1,2-dichloroethane etc.
• nitriles acetonitrile, propionitrile etc.
• aromatic organic bases pyridine, lutidine etc.
• organic acids formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, methanesulfonic acid etc.
• inorganic acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid etc.
• esters methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate etc.
• ketones acetone, methylethylketone etc.
• base or acid scavenger used for the production method of the compound of the present invention include the followings.
• inorganic bases sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide etc.
• organic bases triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, tributylamine, cyclohexyldimethylamine, pyridine, lutidine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine, N,N-dimethylaniline, N-methylpiperidine, N-methylpyrrolidine, N-methylmorpholine, 1,5-diazabicyclo[4.3.0]-5-nonene, 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane, 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]-7-undecene, imidazole etc.
• metal alkoxides sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, potassium tert-butoxide etc.
• alkali metal hydrides sodium hydride, potassium hydride etc.
• metal amides sodium amide, lithiumdiisopropylamide, lithiumhexamethyldisilazide etc.
• organic lithium reagents methyllithium, n-butyllithium, sec-butyllithium, tert-butyllithium etc.
• inorganic acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid etc.
• organic acids acetic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, oxalic acid, phthalic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, maleic acid, citric acid, succinic acid, methanesulfonic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, 10-camphorsulfonic acid etc.
• Lewis acid boron trifluoride ether complex, zinc iodide, anhydrous aluminum chloride, anhydrous zinc chloride, anhydrous iron chloride etc.
• Compound (I) can be synthesized, for example, according to Production Method A, Production Method B or the like explained below.
• R a is a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group (e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, isohexyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl etc.), or two R a in combination optionally form a ring such as 4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolane and the like.
• C 1-6 alkyl group e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, pentyl
• the compound of the present invention can be produced by a sequence of reaction steps of Step A-1 to Step A-4.
• the metal catalyst is preferably a palladium compound [e.g., palladium(II) acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), dichlorobis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II), dichlorobis(triethylphosphine)palladium(II), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0), a complex of palladium(II) acetate and 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, etc.].
• a palladium compound e.g., palladium(II) acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), dichlorobis(triphenylphos
• the amount of the metal catalyst to be used is about 0.000001-1.0 mol per 1 mol of compound (2).
• the metal catalyst can be used together with a phosphine ligand.
• the amount of the phosphine ligand to be used is about 0.01-5 mol per 1 mol of compound (2).
• the phosphine ligand include triphenylphosphine, 4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene, tri-tert-butylphosphine and the like.
• a salt such as tri-tert-butylphosphine tetrafluoroborate can be used.
• the reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a base.
• the base examples include inorganic bases, basic salts and the like.
• the reaction may be carried out by adding an additive such as copper(I) cyanide, copper(I) bromide and the like.
• the amount of compound (3) or compound (4) to be used is about 0.8-10 mol per 1 mol of compound (2).
• the amount of the base to be used is about 1-20 mol per 1 mol of compound (2).
• the amount of the additive to be used is about 0.000001-5.0 mol per 1 mol of compound (2).
• the reaction is preferably carried out in a stream of an inactive gas such as argon gas, nitrogen gas and the like. This reaction is advantageously carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction.
• the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, preferable examples thereof include alcohols, ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, esters, water, mixed solvents thereof and the like.
• the reaction time varies depending on the reagent or solvent to be used, it is generally 1 min-200 hr.
• the reaction temperature is preferably 0-150° C.
• the reaction can be carried out with irradiation of microwave in order to promote the reaction.
• Compound (5) can also be produced by reacting compound (6) with compound (7). The reaction is carried out in the same manner as in Step A-1.
• compound (5) produced in Step A-1 or Step A-2 can be subjected to a reduction step.
• compound (5) contains N-oxido or a halogen atom, it is removed by a reduction reaction known per se using palladium carbon and the like.
• Compound (8) can be produced by removing the protecting group P 1 of compound (5).
• the removal of the protecting group can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1999) (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts), or the like.
• Compound (8) can also be produced according to a method known per se, or a method analogous thereto.
• Compound (I) can be produced by reacting carboxylic acid (8) or a reactive derivative thereof with compound (9).
• the reactive derivative of the carboxylic acid include acid halides such as acid chlorides, acid bromides and the like; acid amides with pyrazole, imidazole, benzotriazole and the like; mixed acid anhydrides with as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid and the like; acid azides; activated esters such as diethoxyphosphate ester, diphenoxyphosphate ester, p-nitrophenyl ester, 2,4-dinitrophenyl ester, cyanomethyl ester, pentachlorophenyl ester, ester with N-hydroxysuccinimide, ester with N-hydroxyphthalimide, ester with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole, ester with 6-chloro-1-hydroxybenzotriazole, ester with 1-hydroxy-1H-2-pyridone, and the like; activated thioesters such as 2-pyridyl
• Compound (I) can also be produced by directly reacting carboxylic acid (8) with compound (9) in the presence of a suitable condensing agent, instead of using the reactive derivative.
• the condensing agent include N,N′-disubstituted carbodiimides such as N,N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (WSC) hydrochloride and the like; azolides such as N,N′-carbonyldiimidazole and the like; dehydrating agents such as N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, phosphorus oxychloride, alkoxyacetylene and the like; 2-halogenopyridiniums such as 2-chloromethylpyridinium iodide, 2-fluoro-1-methylpyridinium iodide and the like; phosphorylcyanides such as dieth
• the reaction is considered to progress via a reactive derivative of carboxylic acid (8).
• the amount of carboxylic acid (8) or a reactive derivative thereof to be used is generally about 0.8-5 mol per 1 mol of compound (9).
• This reaction is advantageously carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction. While the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, preferable examples thereof include ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, sulfoxides, aromatic organic bases, mixed solvents thereof.
• the reaction can be carried out in the presence of a basic salt, an organic bases or the like in order to promote the reaction.
• reaction time varies depending on the reagent or solvent to be used, it is generally 10 min-72 hr.
• the reaction temperature is preferably 0-100° C.
• Compound (I) can also be produced by a sequence of reaction steps of Step B-1 to Step B-2.
• Compound (11) can be produced by reacting carboxylic acid (10) or a reactive derivative thereof with compound (9). The reaction can be carried out in the same manner as in Step A-4.
• M 1 is a magnesium atom and halogen atom moiety derived from the Grignard reagent, or a lithium atom moiety derived from the organic lithium reagent; and the other each symbols are as defined above.
• Compound (9) may be a commercially available product, or can be produced by a sequence of reaction steps of Step C-1 to Step C-2. Alternatively, compound (9) can also be produced according to a method known per se or a method analogous thereto.
• Compound (14) wherein R 2 is a hydrogen atom can be produced by reacting compound (12) with an organic metal reagent (13).
• the organic metal reagent include the Grignard reagents, organic lithium reagents and the like.
• the amount of the organic metal reagent to be used is about 1-10 mol per 1 mol of compound (12).
• This reaction is advantageously carried out in a solvent inert to the reaction. While the solvent is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds, preferable examples thereof include ethers, aromatic hydrocarbons, saturated hydrocarbons, amides, halogenated hydrocarbons, nitriles, sulfoxides, mixed solvents thereof and the like. While the reaction time varies depending on the reagent or solvent to be used, it is generally 10 min-100 hr.
• the reaction temperature is preferably ⁇ 78-50° C.
• the obtained compound can be subjected to an alkylation step.
• the obtained compound can be reacted with a compound represented by R 2a LG 4 wherein R 2a is an optionally substituted C 1-6 alkyl group, in the presence of a base.
• Compound (9) can be produced by removing the protecting group P 2 of compound (14).
• the removal of the protecting group can be carried out according to a method known per se, for example, the method described in “Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, 3rd Ed”, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. (1999) (Theodora W. Greene, Peter G. M. Wuts), or the like.
• the starting compound and/or the production intermediate for the aforementioned compound (I) may form a salt, which is not particularly limited as long as the reaction can be performed and, for example, those similar to the salts optionally formed by the aforementioned compound (I) and the like, and the like are used.
• compound (I) can be synthesized by performing deprotection, acylation reaction, alkylation reaction, hydrogenation reaction, oxidation reaction, reduction reaction, carbon chain extension reaction, and substituent exchange reaction singly or two or more thereof in combination.
• the reaction when the compound has a functional group such as an amino group, a carboxyl group or a hydroxy group, the reaction can be carried out after a protecting group generally used in peptide chemistry and the like is introduced into these groups. By removing the protecting group as necessary after the reaction, the objective compound can be obtained.
• Examples of the protecting group include formyl; C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (e.g., acetyl, propionyl etc.), phenylcarbonyl, C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl etc.), phenyloxycarbonyl, C 7-10 aralkyloxy-carbonyl (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl etc.), trityl, phthaloyl and the like, each of which is optionally substituted.
• C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl e.g., acetyl, propionyl etc.
• phenylcarbonyl C 1-6 alkoxy-carbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl etc.)
• phenyloxycarbonyl C 7-10 aralkyloxy-carbonyl (e.g., benzyloxycarbonyl etc.
• substituents examples include a halogen atom (e.g., fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine etc.), C 1-6 alkyl-carbonyl (e.g., acetyl, propionyl, valeryl etc.), nitro and the like.
• the number of substituents is, for example, 1 to 3.
• the removal method of the protecting group can be carried out according to a method known per se, and for example, a method using acid, base, ultraviolet rays, hydrazine, phenylhydrazine, sodium N-methyldithiocarbamate, tetrabutylammonium fluoride, palladium acetate and the like, a reduction method, and the like can be employed.
• the thus-obtained compound (I), other reaction intermediate therefor and starting compounds thereof can be isolated and purified from a reaction mixture according to a method known per se, for example, extraction, concentration, neutralization, filtration, distillation, recrystallization, column chromatography, thin layer chromatography, preparative high performance liquid chromatography (preparative HPLC), moderate-pressure preparative liquid chromatography (moderate-pressure preparative LC) and the like.
• a salt of compound (I) can be produced by a method known per se.
• compound (I) when compound (I) is a basic compound, it can be produced by adding an inorganic acid or organic acid, or when compound (I) is an acidic compound, by adding an organic base or inorganic base.
• Compound (I) may be a prodrug, and the prodrug of compound (I) refers to a compound which is converted to compound (I) as a result of a reaction with an enzyme, gastric acid, etc. under physiological conditions in vivo, thus a compound that undergoes enzymatic oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis etc. to convert to compound (I) and a compound that undergoes hydrolysis and the like by gastric acid, etc. to convert to compound (I).
• Examples of the prodrug for compound (I) include
• a prodrug of compound (I) may also be one which is converted to compound (I) under physiological conditions as described in “IYAKUHIN no KAIHATSU (Development of Pharmaceuticals)”, Vol. 7, Design of Molecules, p. 163-198, Published by HIROKAWA SHOTEN (1990).
• compound (I), and a prodrug thereof are sometimes collectively abbreviated as “the compound of the present invention”.
• compound (I) has isomers such as optical isomer, stereoisomer, positional isomer, rotamer and the like, such isomers and a mixture thereof are also encompassed in compound (I).
• compound (I) has optical isomers
• an optical isomer resolved from this compound is also encompassed in compound (I).
• These isomers can be obtained as a single product according to synthesis methods or separation methods known per se (e.g., concentration, solvent extraction, column chromatography, recrystallization, etc.).
• Compound (I) may be a crystal, and a single crystal form and a mixture of crystal forms are both encompassed in compound (I).
• the crystal can be produced by crystallizing according to a crystallization method known per se.
• Compound (I) may be a hydrate, a non-hydrate, a solvate or a non-solvate.
• Compound (I) may be labeled with an isotope (e.g., 3 H, 11 C, 14 C, 18 F, 35 S, 125 I etc.) and the like.
• an isotope e.g., 3 H, 11 C, 14 C, 18 F, 35 S, 125 I etc.
• Compound (I) also encompasses a deuterium conversion form wherein 1 H is converted to 2 H(D).
• Compound (I) may be a pharmaceutically acceptable cocrystal or a salt thereof.
• the cocrystal or a salt thereof means a crystalline substance constituted with two or more special solids at room temperature, each having different physical properties (e.g., structure, melting point, melting heat, hygroscopicity, solubility and stability etc.).
• the cocrystal or a salt thereof can be produced according to a cocrystallization a method known per se.
• Compound (I) may also be used as a PET tracer.
• the compound of the present invention has low toxicity, and can be used as it is or in the form of a pharmaceutical composition by mixing with a pharmacologically acceptable carrier etc. to mammals (e.g., human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, horse, swine, monkey) as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of various diseases mentioned below.
• mammals e.g., human, mouse, rat, rabbit, dog, cat, bovine, horse, swine, monkey
• various organic or inorganic carrier substances conventionally used as preparation materials can be used as preparation materials. These are incorporated as excipient, lubricant, binder and disintegrant for solid preparations, or solvent, solubilizing agent, suspending agent, isotonicity agent, buffer and soothing agent for liquid preparations, and the like, and preparation additives such as preservative, antioxidant, colorant, sweetening agent and the like can be added as necessary.
• excipient examples include lactose, sucrose, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol, starch, gelatinated starch, dextrin, crystalline cellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, gum arabic, pullulan, light anhydrous silicic acid, synthesis aluminum silicate and magnesium alumino metasilicate.
• lubricant examples include magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, talc and colloidal silica.
• binder examples include gelatinated starch, sucrose, gelatin, gum arabic, methylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, crystalline cellulose, sucrose, D-mannitol, trehalose, dextrin, pullulan, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and polyvinylpyrrolidone.
• disintegrant examples include lactose, sucrose, starch, carboxymethylcellulose, calcium carboxymethylcellulose, croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl starch, light anhydrous silicic acid and low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose.
• the solvent include water for injection, physiological brine, Ringer's solution, alcohol, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, sesame oil, corn oil, olive oil and cottonseed oil.
• solubilizing agents include polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, D-mannitol, trehalose, benzyl benzoate, ethanol, trisaminomethane, cholesterol, triethanolamine, sodium carbonate, sodium citrate, sodium salicylate and sodium acetate.
• the suspending agent include surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerol monostearate and the like; hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and the like; polysorbates; and polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil.
• surfactants such as stearyltriethanolamine, sodium lauryl sulfate, lauryl aminopropionate, lecithin, benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, glycerol monostearate and the like
• hydrophilic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, methylcellulose, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethyl
• isotonicity agent examples include sodium chloride, glycerol, D-mannitol, D-sorbitol and glucose.
• buffers such as phosphate, acetate, carbonate, citrate and the like.
• the soothing agent include benzyl alcohol.
• Preferable examples of the preservative include p-oxybenzoates, chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, phenethyl alcohol, dehydroacetic acid and sorbic acid.
• antioxidant examples include sulfite and ascorbate.
• the colorant include aqueous water-soluble food tar colors (e.g., food colors such as Food Color Red Nos. 2 and 3, Food Color Yellow Nos. 4 and 5, Food Color Blue Nos. 1 and 2 and the like food colors), water insoluble lake dyes (e.g., aluminum salt of the aforementioned water-soluble food tar color) and natural dyes (e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, ferric oxide red).
• aqueous water-soluble food tar colors e.g., food colors such as Food Color Red Nos. 2 and 3, Food Color Yellow Nos. 4 and 5, Food Color Blue Nos. 1 and 2 and the like food colors
• water insoluble lake dyes e.g., aluminum salt of the aforementioned water-soluble food tar color
• natural dyes e.g., ⁇ -carotene, chlorophyll, ferric oxide red
• sweetening agent examples include saccharin sodium, dipotassium glycyrrhizinate, aspartame and stevia.
• Examples of the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition include oral preparations such as tablet (including sugar-coated tablet, film-coated tablet, sublingual tablet, orally disintegrating tablet), capsules (including soft capsule, microcapsule), granule, powder, troche, syrup, emulsion, suspension, films (e.g., orally disintegrable films) and the like; and parenteral agents such as injection (e.g., subcutaneous injection, intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, intraperitoneal injection, drip infusion), external preparations (e.g., dermal preparation, ointment), suppository (e.g., rectal suppository, vaginal suppository), pellet, nasal preparation, pulmonary preparation (inhalant), eye drop and the like.
• oral preparations such as tablet (including sugar-coated tablet, film-coated tablet, sublingual tablet, orally disintegrating tablet), capsules (including soft capsule, microcapsule), granule, powder, troche, syrup, emulsion, suspension, films (e
• These preparations may be a release control preparation (e.g., sustained-release microcapsule) such as an immediate-release preparation, a sustained-release preparation and the like.
• a release control preparation e.g., sustained-release microcapsule
• immediate-release preparation e.g., immediate-release preparation, a sustained-release preparation and the like.
• the pharmaceutical composition can be produced according to a method conventionally used in the field of pharmaceutical formulation, for example, the method described in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia, and the like.
• the content of the compound of the present invention in the pharmaceutical composition varies depending on the dosage form, dose of the compound of the present invention and the like, it is, for example, about 0.1 to 100 wt %.
• coating may be applied as necessary for the purpose of masking of taste, enteric property or durability.
• coating base to be used for coating examples include sugar coating base, water-soluble film coating base, enteric film coating base and sustained-release film coating base.
• sucrose is used as the sugar coating base.
• one or more kinds selected from talc, precipitated calcium carbonate, gelatin, gum arabic, pullulan, carnauba wax and the like may be used in combination.
• water-soluble film coating base examples include cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose etc.; synthetic polymers such as polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E [Eudragit E (trade name)], polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.; and polysaccharides such as pullulan etc.
• cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methylhydroxyethyl cellulose etc.
• synthetic polymers such as polyvinylacetal diethylaminoacetate, aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer E [Eudragit E (trade name)], polyvinylpyrrolidone etc.
• polysaccharides such as pullulan etc.
• enteric film coating base examples include cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate etc.; acrylic polymers such as methacrylic acid copolymer L [Eudragit L (trade name)], methacrylic acid copolymer LD [Eudragit L-30D55 (trade name)], methacrylic acid copolymer S [Eudragit S (trade name)] etc.; and naturally occurring substances such as shellac etc.
• cellulose polymers such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose phthalate, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate, carboxymethylethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate etc.
• acrylic polymers such as methacrylic acid copolymer L [Eudragit L (trade name)], methacrylic acid copolymer LD [Eudragit L-30D55 (trade name)], me
• sustained-release film coating base examples include cellulose polymers such as ethyl cellulose etc.; and acrylic polymers such as aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS [Eudragit RS (trade name)], ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer suspension [Eudragit NE (trade name)] etc.
• cellulose polymers such as ethyl cellulose etc.
• acrylic polymers such as aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer RS [Eudragit RS (trade name)], ethyl acrylate-methyl methacrylate copolymer suspension [Eudragit NE (trade name)] etc.
• the above-mentioned coating bases may be used after mixing with two or more kinds thereof at appropriate ratios.
• a light shielding agent such as titanium oxide, red ferric oxide and the like can be used.
• the compound of the present invention shows low toxicity (e.g., acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, genetic toxicity, reproductive toxicity, cardiotoxicity, carcinogenicity) and a few side effects. Therefore, it can be used as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment or a diagnostic of various diseases in a mammal (e.g., human, bovine, horse, dog, cat, monkey, mouse, rat).
• a mammal e.g., human, bovine, horse, dog, cat, monkey, mouse, rat.
• the compound of the present invention has a superior CH24H inhibitory action and can suppress nerve cell death, A ⁇ increase, intracerebral inflammation and the like.
• the compound of the present invention is useful for the prophylaxis, improvement of symptoms, suppression of progression or treatment of diseases involving enhanced function of CH24H, for example, neurodegenerative disease.
• the “neurodegenerative disease” means a disease associated with denaturation of neural tissues.
• neurodegenerative disease examples include Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like.
• the compound of the present invention is useful for the prophylaxis, improvement of symptoms, suppression of progression or treatment of diseases involving enhanced function of CH24H, for example, epilepsy, schizophrenia and the like.
• the compound of the present invention is useful for the prophylaxis, improvement of symptoms, suppression of progression or treatment of diseases involving enhanced function of CH24H, for example, spasm and the like.
• the dose of the compound of the present invention varies depending on the administration subject, route of administration, target disease, symptoms, etc.
• its dose is about 0.01 to 100 mg/kg body weight per dose, preferably 0.05 to 30 mg/kg body weight per dose, more preferably 0.1 to 10 mg/kg body weight per dose and this amount is desirably administered in 1 to 3 portions daily.
• the compound of the present invention When the compound of the present invention is applied to each of the above-mentioned diseases, it can be used in an appropriate combination with a medicament or a treatment method generally employed for the disease.
• Examples of the medicament (hereinafter to be abbreviated as “concomitant drug”) to be used in combination with the compound of the present invention include acetylcholine esterase inhibitors (e.g., donepezil, rivastigmine, galanthamine, zanapezil etc.), antidementian agents (e.g., memantine), inhibitors of ⁇ amyloid protein production, secretion, accumulation, coagulation and/or deposition, ⁇ secretase inhibitors (e.g., 6-(4-biphenylyl)methoxy-2-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]tetralin, 6-(4-biphenylyl)methoxy-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)methyltetralin, 6-(4-biphenylyl)methoxy-2-(N,N-dipropylamino)methyltetralin, 2-(N,N-dimethylamino
• ⁇ amyloid vaccine e.g., ⁇ amyloid degrading enzyme and the like, cerebral function activators (e.g., aniracetam, nicergoline), other therapeutic drug for Parkinson's disease [(e.g., dopamine receptor agonists (e.g., L-DOPA, bromocriptine, pergolide, talipexole, pramipexole, Cabergoline, adamantadine), a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors (e.g., deprenyl, Selgiline (selegiline), remacemide, riluzole), anticholinergic agents (e.g., trihexyphenidyl, biperiden), COMT inhibitors (e.g., entacapone)], therapeutic drug for amyotropic lateral sclerosis (e.g., riluzole etc., neurotrophic factor), therapeutic drug for abnormal behavior
• Parkinson's disease e
• a combined use with a transplantation method of neural stem cell or neural precursor cell prepared from embryonic stem cell or nervous tissue, or fetal neural tissue and a combined use with a pharmaceutical agent such as an immunosuppressant after the transplantation and the like.
• the compound of the present invention may be used in combination with the following concomitant drugs.
• insulin preparations e.g., animal insulin preparation extracted from the pancreas of bovine, swine; human insulin preparation genetically synthesized using Escherichia coli , yeast; zinc insulin; protamine zinc insulin; insulin fragment or derivatives (e.g., INS-1), oral insulin preparation
• insulin sensitizer e.g., pioglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably hydrochloride), rosiglitazone or a salt thereof (preferably maleate), Tesaglitazar, Ragaglitazar, Muraglitazar, Edaglitazone, Metaglidasen, Naveglitazar, AMG-131, THR-0921
• ⁇ -glucosidase inhibitor e.g., voglibose, acarbose, miglitol, emiglitate
• biguanide e.g., metformin, buformin or a salt thereof (e.g., hydrochloride, fuma
• aldose reductase inhibitors e.g., tolrestat, epalrestat, zenarestat, zopolrestat, minalrestat, fidarestat, CT-112
• neurotrophic factor and an increasing agent thereof e.g., NGF, NT-3, BDNF, neurotrophic factors and increasing drugs described in WO01/14372 (e.g., 4-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(2-methyl-1-imidazolyl)-5-[3-(2-methylphenoxy)propyl]oxazole)
• nerve regeneration promoting agent e.g., Y-128
• PKC inhibitor e.g., ruboxistaurin mesylate
• AGE inhibitor e.g., ALT946, pimagedine, pyratoxanthine, N-phenacylthiazolium bromide (ALT766), ALT-711, EXO-226, Pyridorin, pyridoxamine
• statin compound e.g., pravastatin, simvastatin, lovastatin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, rosuvastatin, pitavastatin, or a salt thereof (e.g., sodium salt, calcium salt)
• squalene synthase inhibitors e.g., lapaquistat acetate or a salt thereof
• fibrate compound e.g., bezafibrate, clofibrate, simfibrate, clinofibrate
• ACAT inhibitor e.g., Avasimibe, Eflucimibe
• anion exchange resin e.g., colestyramine
• probucol nicotinic acid drug
• nicotinic acid drug e.g., nicomol, niceritrol
• phytosterol e.g., soysterol, gamma oryzanol
• phytosterol e.g., soysterol,
• angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor e.g., captopril, enalapril, delapril
• angiotensin II antagonist e.g., candesartan cilexetil, losartan, eprosartan, valsartan, telmisartan, irbesartan, tasosartan, 1-[[2′-(2,5-dihydro-5-oxo-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl]-2-ethoxy-1H-benzimidazole-7-carboxylic acid, Azilsartan, Azilsartan medoxomil), calcium antagonist (e.g., manidipine, nifedipine, amlodipine, efonidipine, nicardipine), potassium channel opener (e.g., levcromakalim, L-27152, AL 0671, NIP-121), potassium channel
• central-acting antiobesity agent e.g., dexfenfluramine, fenfluramine, phentermine, sibutramine, amfepramone, dexamphetamine, mazindol, phenylpropanolamine, clobenzorex; MCH receptor antagonists (e.g., SB-568849; SNAP-7941; compounds described in WO01/82925 and WO01/87834); neuropeptide Y antagonist (e.g., CP-422935); cannabinoid receptor antagonists (e.g., SR-141716, SR-147778); ghrelin antagonist; 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor (e.g., BVT-3498)), pancreatic lipase inhibitors (e.g., orlistat, cetilistat), ⁇ 3 agonist (e.g., AJ-9677, AZ40140), anorectic peptides (e.g
• xanthine derivative e.g., theobromine sodium salicylate, theobromine calcium salicylate
• thiazide preparation e.g., ethiazide, cyclopenthiazide, trichloromethyazide, hydrochlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, benzylhydrochlorothiazide, penflutizide, polythiazide, methyclothiazide
• antialdosterone preparation e.g., spironolactone, triamterene
• carbonic anhydrase inhibitors e.g., acetazolamide
• chlorobenzenesulfonamide agent e.g., chlortalidone, mefruside, indapamide
• azosemide isosorbide, ethacrynic acid, piretanide, bumetanide, furosemide and the like.
• alkylating agents e.g., cyclophosphamide, ifosfamide
• metabolic antagonists e.g., methotrexate, 5-fluorouracil or derivative thereof
• antitumor antibiotics e.g., mitomycin, adriamycin
• plant-derived antitumor agents e.g., vincristine, vindesine, Taxol
• cisplatin carboplatin, etoposide and the like.
• Furtulon and NeoFurtulon which are 5-fluorouracil derivatives, and the like are preferable.
• microorganism or bacterial components e.g., muramyl dipeptide derivative, Picibanil
• polysaccharides having immunity potentiating activity e.g., lentinan, schizophyllan, krestin
• cytokines obtained by genetic engineering techniques (e.g., interferon, interleukin (IL)), colony stimulating factors (e.g., granulocyte colony stimulating factor, erythropoietin) and the like, with preference given to interleukins such as IL-1, IL-2, IL-12 and the like.
• heparin e.g., heparin sodium, heparin calcium, dalteparin sodium
• warfarin e.g., warfarin potassium
• anti-thrombin drug e.g., argatroban
• thrombolytic agent e.g., urokinase, tisokinase,reteplase, nateplase, monteplase, pamiteplase
• platelet aggregation inhibitor e.g., ticlopidine hydrochloride, cilostazol, ethyl icosapentate, beraprost sodium, sarpogrelate hydrochloride
• cyclooxygenase inhibitors e.g., indomethacin etc.
• progesterone derivatives e.g., megestrol acetate
• glucosteroids e.g., dexamethasone etc.
• metoclopramide agents e.g., tetrahydrocannabinol agents
• fat metabolism improving agents e.g., eicosapentanoic acid etc.
• growth hormones IGF-1, or antibodies to a cachexia-inducing factor such as TNF- ⁇ , LIF, IL-6, oncostatin M and the like.
• Two or more kinds of the above-mentioned concomitant drugs may be used in combination at an appropriate ratio.
• compound of the present invention to each of the above-mentioned diseases in combination with a biologic (e.g., antibody, vaccine preparation and the like), or as a combination therapy in combination with gene therapy method and the like.
• a biologic e.g., antibody, vaccine preparation and the like
• antibody and vaccine preparation examples include vaccine preparation to angiotensin II, vaccine preparation to CETP, CETP antibody, TNF ⁇ antibody and antibody to other cytokine, amyloid ⁇ vaccine preparation, type 1 diabetes vaccine (e.g., DIAPEP-277 manufactured by Peptor Ltd.), anti-HIV antibody, HIV vaccine preparation and the like, antibody or vaccine preparation to cytokine, renin-angiotensin enzyme and a product thereof, antibody or vaccine preparation to enzyme or protein involved in blood lipid metabolism, antibody or vaccine to enzyme or protein involved in blood coagulation or fibrinolytic system, antibody or vaccine preparation to protein involved in saccharometabolism or insulin resistance and the like.
• type 1 diabetes vaccine e.g., DIAPEP-277 manufactured by Peptor Ltd.
• anti-HIV antibody HIV vaccine preparation
• antibody or vaccine preparation to cytokine, renin-angiotensin enzyme and a product thereof antibody or vaccine preparation to enzyme or protein involved in blood lipid metabolism, antibody or vaccine to enzyme or protein involved in blood coagulation
• Examples of the gene therapy method include a treatment method using a gene relating to cytokine, renin-angiotensin enzyme and a product thereof, G protein, G protein conjugated receptor and its phosphorylation enzyme, a treatment method using a DNA decoy such as NF ⁇ B decoy and the like, a treatment method using an antisense, a treatment method using a gene relating to an enzyme or protein involved in blood lipid metabolism (e.g., gene relating to metabolism, excretion or absorption of cholesterol or triglyceride or HDL-cholesterol or blood phospholipid), a treatment method using a gene relating to an enzyme or protein involved in angiogenesis therapy targeting obstruction of peripheral vessel and the like (e.g., growth factors such as HGF, VEGF etc.), a treatment method using a gene relating to a protein involved in saccharometabolism or insulin resistance, an antisense to cytokine such as TNF and the like, and the like.
• organ regeneration methods such as heart regeneration, kidney regeneration, pancreas regeneration, blood vessel regeneration and the like or cell transplantation therapy utilizing bone marrow cell (myelomonocytic cell, myeloid stem cell) or an artificial organ utilizing tissue engineering (e.g., artificial blood vessel and cardiac muscle cell sheet).
• bone marrow cell myelomonocytic cell, myeloid stem cell
• tissue engineering e.g., artificial blood vessel and cardiac muscle cell sheet
• the time of administration of the compound of the present invention and that of the concomitant drug are not limited, and they may be administered simultaneously or in a staggered manner to the administration subject. Furthermore, the compound of the present invention and the concomitant drug may be administered as two kinds of preparations containing each active ingredient, or a single preparation containing both active ingredients.
• the dose of the concomitant drug can be appropriately determined based on the dose employed in clinical situations.
• the mixing ratio of the compound of the present invention and a concomitant drug can be appropriately determined depending on the administration subject, administration route, target disease, symptom, combination and the like.
• a concomitant drug can be used in 0.01-100 parts by weight relative to 1 part by weight of the compound of the present invention.
• room temperature generally means about 10° C. to about 35° C.
• the ratios indicated for mixed solvents are volume mixing ratios, unless otherwise specified.
• % means wt %, unless otherwise specified.
• NH means use of aminopropylsilane-bound silica gel.
• HPLC high performance liquid chromatography
• C18 means use of octadecyl-bound silica gel.
• the ratios of elution solvents are volume mixing ratios, unless otherwise specified.
• the elemental analysis value (Anal.) shows Calculated value (Calcd) and Found value (Found).
• reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, and stirred at room temperature for 3 hr.
• saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution 200 mL
• the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate.
• the extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure.
• the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane) to give the title compound (12 g).
• the total amount of 1), 2) and 3) and 4) (30 g) is kneaded with water, vacuum dried, and sieved.
• the sieved powder is mixed with 4) (14 g) and 5) (1 g), and the mixture is punched by a tableting machine, whereby 1000 tablets containing 30 mg of the compound of Example 1 per tablet are obtained.
• a plasmid DNA for expressing human CH24H in FreeStyle 293 cell was produced as follows. Using Full-Length Mammalian Gene Collection No. 4819975 (Invitrogen) as a template, and the following two kinds of synthesis DNAs:
• human CH24H was performed using FreeStyle 293 Expression System (Invitrogen). According to the manual attached to FreeStyle 293 Expression System and using the plasmid DNA (pcDNA3.1(+)/hCH24H) for human CH24H expression constructed in Experimental Example 1, a transient expression using FreeStyle 293-F cell was performed. After transfection, the cells were cultured with shaking at 37° C., 8% CO 2 , 125 rpm for 2 days. The cells were collected by centrifugation, and suspended in a buffer for suspension (100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.4), 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% Glycerol).
• a buffer for suspension 100 mM potassium phosphate (pH 7.4), 0.1 mM EDTA, 1 mM DTT, 20% Glycerol).
• the suspended product was disrupted by a polytron homogenizer (manufactured by Kinematica), and centrifuged at 9000 ⁇ g for 10 min, and the supernatant was collected.
• the collected supernatant was cryopreserved ( ⁇ 80° C.) as a human CH24H lysate standard product.
• the inhibitory rate (%) was calculated from the ratio of radioactivity in the presence of a test compound relative to the radioactivity in the absence of the test compound. The results are shown in the following Tables 15 and 16.
• mice Female C57BL/6N mice (3 mice/group). A test compound was suspended in a 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose [133-14255 WAKO] solution (1 mg/mL). The body weight of the mice was measured, and the solution was forcibly administered orally and repeatedly once a day for 3 days. At 16 hours after the third administration, half of the brain was recovered, and the amount of 24-HC was measured.
• the wet weight of the brain was measured, and the brain was homogenized with about 4-fold amount (0.5 mL) of saline. This solution was used as a brain extract.
• 24-HC in the brain extract was extracted with an acetonitrile solution (98% acetonitrile, 1.98% methanol, 0.02% formic acid), and quantified by HPLC. The average value of 24-HC amount was calculated and the results are shown in relative values with the control group as 100%. The results are shown in the following Table 17.
• mice 3-month-old female APP/PS1 double transgenic mice (10-15 mice/group).
• a test compound was suspended in a 0.5% aqueous methylcellulose [133-14255 WAKO] solution (1 mg/mL).
• the body weight of the mice was measured, and the solution was forcibly administered orally and repeatedly once a day for 14 days.
• spontaneous alternation behavior in Y-maze test was evaluated.
• the frequency of moving to a different arm was counted for 5 min. The first two times of entry were excluded from the total number of entry. In addition, the mice that entered less than 10 times in total were excluded.
• the compound of the present invention has a superior CH24H inhibitory action, which is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of neurodegenerative disease (e.g., Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like), epilepsy, schizophrenia and the like.
• neurodegenerative disease e.g., Alzheimer's disease, mild cognitive impairment, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, cerebral infarction, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis and the like
• epilepsy e.g., schizophrenia and the like.

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