US8981912B2 - Pushbits for semi-synchronized pointing - Google Patents

Pushbits for semi-synchronized pointing Download PDF

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Publication number
US8981912B2
US8981912B2 US13/380,555 US201013380555A US8981912B2 US 8981912 B2 US8981912 B2 US 8981912B2 US 201013380555 A US201013380555 A US 201013380555A US 8981912 B2 US8981912 B2 US 8981912B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
light sources
remote controller
code
codes
light source
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US13/380,555
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US20120092204A1 (en
Inventor
Johan Cornelis Talstra
Hendricus Theodorus Gerardus Maria Penning De Vries
George Frederic Yianni
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Koninklijke Philips NV
Signify Holding BV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N V reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N V ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: PENNING DE VRIES, HENDRICUS THEODORUS GERARDUS MARIA, TALSTRA, JOHAN CORNELIS, YIANNI, GEORGE FREDERIC
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Assigned to PHILIPS LIGHTING HOLDING B.V. reassignment PHILIPS LIGHTING HOLDING B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V.
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C17/00—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link
    • G08C17/02—Arrangements for transmitting signals characterised by the use of a wireless electrical link using a radio link
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C23/00—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems
    • G08C23/04—Non-electrical signal transmission systems, e.g. optical systems using light waves, e.g. infrared
    • H05B37/0272—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B45/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • H05B45/30—Driver circuits
    • H05B45/37—Converter circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08C—TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS FOR MEASURED VALUES, CONTROL OR SIMILAR SIGNALS
    • G08C2201/00—Transmission systems of control signals via wireless link
    • G08C2201/70—Device selection
    • G08C2201/71—Directional beams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
    • H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
    • H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
    • H05B47/19—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission
    • H05B47/195—Controlling the light source by remote control via wireless transmission the transmission using visible or infrared light

Definitions

  • the present invention is related to remote control of a lighting system, and more particularly to the selection of a particular light source among a plurality of light sources by means of a remote controller.
  • a desired control feature is to be able to control the light output of an individual light source merely by pointing at it with the remote controller and operating a control mechanism, such as buttons or the like.
  • each light source transmits a different code in a directional signal by means of modulating its ordinary light output or by means of modulating a separate code transmitting element, such as an IR-LED (InfraRed Light Emitting Diode) or a radio frequency transmitter, e.g. a 60 GHz directional transmitter.
  • a separate code transmitting element such as an IR-LED (InfraRed Light Emitting Diode) or a radio frequency transmitter, e.g. a 60 GHz directional transmitter.
  • the code most prominently received, according to some criterion, by the remote controller is selected. For example the criterion can be “smallest angle of incidence” or “strongest optical signal”, etc.
  • each light source is configured to emit a beacon signal representative of the unique identifier, i.e. code, thereof on command of a remote controller. That is, the remote controller transmits an instruction to the light source that commands the light source to transmit the beacon signal, which is a directional signal.
  • the beacon signal is integrated into the light emitted by the ordinary light source.
  • the remote controller is configured to receive the light and extract the beacon signal therefrom.
  • the remote controller commands several light sources to transmit their codes at the same time.
  • the remote controller In order for the remote controller to be able to separate the received codes from each other it is equipped with circuitry for correlating the optical signals received from different light sources in one way or the other. In order to obtain a reliable result of which light source is the most prominent one, it is desirable that the optical signals are received by the remote controller at an anticipated point of time, and substantially simultaneous.
  • Another problem is related to the number of light sources. As the number grows more codes are required. In order to keep a reasonable degree of orthogonality, the length of the codes grows linearly. Longer codes require more time to transmit, or require faster code-generating hardware/software in the light sources.
  • remote controllers such as those based on simple photodiodes and more advanced remote controllers employing a camera. These different types of remote controllers operate best with different types of codes. In order to be useful in practice the light sources will have to be equipped with multiple code schemes for the beacons, which is cumbersome.
  • This object is achieved by means of a method of controlling a lighting system as defined in claim 1 , and by means of a lighting system as defined in claim 13 .
  • the codes are generated remotely of the light sources and provided to the light sources by the remote controller, the light sources do not have to be equipped at manufacture with multiple coding schemes for optical signals, or even with any coding scheme. Furthermore, there is no problem of increasing the number of light sources, since the coding is adapted to the number of light sources remotely from the controller.
  • the remote controller itself that generates the codes to be transmitted by the light sources. Thereby no other device is needed for the full controlling of the light sources.
  • every code consists of a sequence of one or more code symbols
  • the remote controller instructs the light sources to transmit the code symbols at different times, one code symbol at a time, and which symbol to transmit. This is advantageous in that the light sources need only be capable of transmitting a single symbol.
  • the remote controller provides the light sources with a set of predefined code symbols, which set includes at least one code symbol. Thereby, the light sources do not need to know anything about coding, the length of the code, etc.
  • the set of predefined code symbols is dynamically updated in dependence of changes in the total number of light sources. Therefore, the code generation is easily adaptable to the momentary need in the lighting system.
  • the method further comprises selecting the code symbols from a group of code symbols having a primary feature of one of amplitude and frequency.
  • the method comprises querying the light sources for their capabilities before generating the codes.
  • it is possible to adapt the codes to the capabilities of the least equipped light sources, thereby providing for example as simple codes as possible or having the option of generating more complex codes, whichever might be desired.
  • the method comprises generating codes with different characteristics for different subsets of the light sources.
  • the coding can be made more efficient.
  • the complexity of the codes can be kept at a low level even if the number of light sources increases, or, if combined with the querying, the light sources can be divided into groups of different levels of capability and codes having different levels of complexity in correspondence with the different capabilities can be generated.
  • a lighting system arranged to carry out the method.
  • the lighting system provides advantages corresponding to those of the method.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a lighting system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a remote controller and a light source according to this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a timing diagram of code transmission in the lighting system according to an embodiment of the method and lighting system.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are flow charts of embodiments of the method of selecting a light source according to this invention.
  • an embodiment of a lighting system comprises several light sources (LS) 1 , and a remote controller (RC) 3 , which is used to control the settings of the light sources.
  • LS light sources
  • RC remote controller
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of an embodiment of the remote controller (RC) 3 as well as a light source (LS) 1 .
  • the light source 1 comprises a control unit 5 , an RF (radio frequency) module 7 , connected with the control unit 5 , a light element driver 9 , connected with the control unit 5 , and a set of light elements 11 , including at least one light element, connected with the light element driver 9 .
  • the remote controller 3 comprises a control unit 15 , a control mechanism 17 , connected with the control unit 15 , an omnidirectional transmitter, which in this embodiment is an RF (Radio Frequency) transmitter comprised in an RF module 19 in conjunction with a radio receiver, connected with the control unit 15 , and a directional signal receiver, here an optical receiver 21 , connected with the control unit 15 .
  • the control mechanism 17 includes a user interface, such as a touch screen or a number of push buttons.
  • the remote controller 3 is arranged to communicate with the light sources using: (i) on the one hand RF communication by means of the RF modules 7 , 19 , over an omnidirectional channel, and (ii) on the other hand optical communication by means of the light elements 11 and the receiver 21 , over a directional channel, which is also unidirectional from the light source 1 to the remote controller 3 .
  • the remote controller 3 comprises signal comparison circuitry, connected to the optical receiver 21 and to the control unit 15 , and a transmission indicator, which is comprised in the RF module 19 , and connected to the signal comparison circuitry.
  • the remote controller 3 when the user points at a light source 1 and pushes a control button 17 to change the settings of the light source 1 , the remote controller 3 starts communicating with several light sources 1 via wireless radio communication by means of the RF module 19 .
  • the several light sources 1 represent all or a subgroup of the light sources 1 in the lighting system.
  • the remote controller 3 omnidirectionally transmits instructions to the light sources 1 telling them to transmit the directional signal, which is here an optical signal, comprising a code, which is unique for each light source 1 .
  • the different codes are included in the transmitted instruction.
  • the remote controller 3 employs basic identification, or addresses, unique for each light source 1 and generated at manufacture. This is per se known to the person skilled in the art, and for example such addresses are called MAC addresses. The remote controller 3 learns about these addresses in a previous commissioning which will be described below.
  • the codes are generated remotely of the light sources (LS) 1 , in step 101 .
  • the remote controller (RC) 3 that has generated the codes
  • the lighting system can comprise a central device which generates the codes and sends them to the remote controller 3 .
  • the remote controller 3 receives, in step 102 , the user input and omnidirectionally transmits, by means of its RF module 19 , the codes to the light sources 1 together with a command to transmit the codes, step 103 .
  • each light source 1 When each light source 1 receives the transmit command and the respective individual code at its RF module 7 , it directionally transmits the code as received by means of the set of light elements 11 , i.e. as an optical signal, step 104 . Then the remote controller 3 in turn receives the optical signals at the optical detector 21 , detects the codes, step 105 , and performs a selection procedure to recognize which light source 1 the remote controller 3 is pointing at, step 106 . When a light source 1 has been selected, the remote controller 3 transmits the new settings to that light source 1 , step 107 .
  • the codes consist of code symbols, which are also called chips.
  • the remote controller 3 transmits one symbol at a time to the light sources 1 .
  • This is advantageous in that the demands on the capability of the light sources can be kept comparably low, since they only have to transmit a single symbol, i.e. a fraction of a code, rather than a full code.
  • c 1 ⁇ S 1 ,S 1 ,S 2 ,S 2 ⁇
  • c 2 ⁇ S 1 ,S 2 ,S 1 ,S 2 ⁇
  • c 3 ⁇ S 2 ,S 1 ,S 1 ,S 2 ⁇ for LS 1 , LS 2 , and LS 3 , respectively.
  • step 112 the remote controller 3 instructs the light sources 1 to transmit their respective first symbol by transmitting the command ⁇ LS 1 transmit S 1 , LS 2 transmit S 1 , LS 3 transmit S 2 ⁇ via the omnidirectional channel, step 113 .
  • Each respective light source directionally transmits its symbol, step 114 .
  • the remote controller 3 measures the detected response, step 115 .
  • the remote controller 3 instructs the light sources 1 to transmit their second symbol with the command ⁇ LS 1 transmit S 1 , LS 2 transmit S 2 , LS 3 transmit S 1 ⁇ . Again the remote controller 3 measures the detected response, steps 116 - 118 .
  • the remote controller transmits the new settings to the selected light source, step 121 .
  • FIG. 3 A timing diagram for this example of selecting a light source is illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the remote controller 3 determines when the symbols are to be transmitted, the lighting system is automatically synchronous. This synchronous behavior is true for the operation at large. Looking at a very accurate time scale, however, some delays will occur in practice in the omnidirectional channel and in the processing of commands in the light sources 1 .
  • an offset typically in the order of a few milliseconds, is used between the transmission of the commands from the remote controller 3 and the measurement of the received code symbols, or codes in the first embodiment above.
  • the light sources do not need to know about codes, since they simply transmit the symbols when and as they are commanded by the remote controller 3 .
  • the light sources 1 do not need to know about how many other light sources there are in the system, etc.
  • the remote controller 3 determines the lengths of the symbols, or chip-rate, the light sources 1 neither need to know about orthogonal and non-orthogonal codes.
  • the commands to the individual light sources to transmit their n th code symbol are combined into a single broadcast, rather than in m separate messages to m light sources. This minimizes the delays in the arrival time that exist on any wireless channel.
  • the broadcasts following a first broadcast to complete the codes could code only the changes with respect to the previous broadcast. For example, referring to the above example and FIG.
  • the remote controller 3 would transmit ⁇ LS 1 :S 1 ;LS 2 :S 1 ;LS 3 :S 2 ⁇ , ⁇ LS 2 :S 2 ;LS 3 :S 1 ⁇ , ⁇ LS 1 :S 2 ;LS 2 :S 1 ⁇ , ⁇ LS 2 :S 2 ;LS 3 :S 2 ⁇ .
  • a further feature that is applicable is to define a “back-to-normal” command that the remote controller 3 would transmit after the last symbol has been transmitted, since the light sources 1 do not know whether a particular symbol will be the last one.
  • the light sources 1 will return to their setting prior to the first code symbol broadcast.
  • the advantage is that the remote controller 3 does not have to send a separate message to every light source 1 to return it to its previous setting.
  • there also is a time-out such that the light sources 1 automatically return to their original setting if they have not received a code symbol broadcast command for a predetermined time period, which for instance can be in the order of one or a few seconds.
  • the measurements and calculations performed by the remote controller 3 on the received optical signals from the light sources 1 can be performed according to any useful presently known or future method.
  • a known method is based on measuring an angle of incidence, where the light source having the smallest angle of incidence is selected by the remote controller 3 , as disclosed e.g. in non-published application PCT/IB2009/052363.
  • Another method is based on light intensity, where the light source having the strongest intensity is selected by the remote controller 3 .
  • the light sources are powered up.
  • Each light source 1 broadcasts, by means of its RF module, a message over the omnidirectional channel saying that it needs to be commissioned.
  • the light source 1 includes its basic identification, such as a MAC address.
  • the remote controller 3 queries the light sources what their capabilities are, while employing the basic identification. For instance, the remote controller 3 may query each light source about what PWM frequencies the light source can create, what its minimum/maximum light output intensity is, the accessible color space for light sources comprising a number of primary light elements, etc.
  • the remote controller 3 determines a set of appropriate symbols and a set of codes.
  • the remote controller transmits the definition of the symbols, which is also called an alphabet, to the light sources 1 .
  • the remote controller instructs the light sources to transmit the whole code in one operation, instead of a symbol at a time, the remote controller additionally provides the light sources with each respective code.
  • these commissioning steps are executed at the initial startup of the lighting system and in case the alphabet has to be changed when a new light source is added to the lighting system.
  • the commissioning can take place each time a light source is turned on.
  • the light sources 1 can have LED (Light Emitting Diode) light elements, and more particularly a number of primary light elements, such as R (red), G (green), and B (blue) LED light elements.
  • some kind of modulation of the light output is performed, such as the on-off modulation used in the above example, or an amplitude modulation.
  • the kind of modulation is chosen, as understood by the skilled person, as far as possible such that the user does not perceive any flicker in the emitted light.
  • the symbols generated remotely of the light sources can be different for different light sources in dependence of their capabilities. For example, in a lighting system there may exist older light sources having a simple firmware and/or hardware, and newer light sources having a considerably more advanced firmware and/or hardware providing much greater possibilities of control.
  • the remote controller can be equipped to consider the surroundings when generating the alphabet. For example, if there is a stationary source of interference, such as the sun or a non-modulated artificial light source, this can be detected and considered.
  • the lighting system can be arranged such that the remote controller is able to specify the intensity for every symbol relative to the intensity prior to pointing, e.g. +10%/ ⁇ 10%, to limit the visibility of the modulation of the light output.
  • the remote controller is able to specify the intensity for every symbol relative to the intensity prior to pointing, e.g. +10%/ ⁇ 10%, to limit the visibility of the modulation of the light output.
  • the code transmission can be made virtually invisible.
  • the light source in order to facilitate the commissioning for the light source and the remote controller, there are a number of predetermined profiles, which the light source can support, e.g. a simple on/off profile, a profile that can also do PWM-frequency modulation, etc.
  • the light source reports the profile(-s) it supports.
  • the instructions transmitted by the remote controller include a time period during which the light sources should transmit the code symbol.
  • the remote controller is arranged to measure a signal-to-noise ratio of the received optical signals, and to change the code of a light source adaptively in order to improve that signal-to-noise ratio.
  • the RF modules used for omnidirectional communication, in the remote controller and in the light sources are instead IR (InfraRed) modules.
  • the directional transmission from the light sources to the remote controller is performed by means of IR devices, such as IR LEDs.
  • IR devices such as IR LEDs.
  • RF directional transmitters such as 60 GHz RF transmitters.
  • these alternatives are applicable when the light source is an incandescent lamp, which is too slow to be directly modulated.
  • the signalling can be performed by means of a single one of the channels. For instance, in an RGB LED lamp, only the R channel can be used for generating the directional signals.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)
US13/380,555 2009-06-23 2010-06-14 Pushbits for semi-synchronized pointing Expired - Fee Related US8981912B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP09163439.4 2009-06-23
EP09163439 2009-06-23
EP09163439 2009-06-23
PCT/IB2010/052640 WO2010150131A1 (en) 2009-06-23 2010-06-14 Pushbits for semi-synchronized pointing

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US20120092204A1 US20120092204A1 (en) 2012-04-19
US8981912B2 true US8981912B2 (en) 2015-03-17

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US (1) US8981912B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2446710B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP5615916B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR20120093810A (zh)
CN (1) CN102461339B (zh)
CA (1) CA2766098A1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2012102068A (zh)
WO (1) WO2010150131A1 (zh)

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RU2012102068A (ru) 2013-07-27
CN102461339B (zh) 2014-10-29
EP2446710A1 (en) 2012-05-02
JP5615916B2 (ja) 2014-10-29
KR20120093810A (ko) 2012-08-23
CN102461339A (zh) 2012-05-16
WO2010150131A1 (en) 2010-12-29
EP2446710B1 (en) 2014-04-23
US20120092204A1 (en) 2012-04-19
CA2766098A1 (en) 2010-12-29

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