US8886939B2 - Secure authenticated distance measurement - Google Patents

Secure authenticated distance measurement Download PDF

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Publication number
US8886939B2
US8886939B2 US10/521,858 US52185803A US8886939B2 US 8886939 B2 US8886939 B2 US 8886939B2 US 52185803 A US52185803 A US 52185803A US 8886939 B2 US8886939 B2 US 8886939B2
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round trip
trip time
secret
signal
data
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US20050273608A1 (en
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Franciscus Lucas Antonius Johannes Kamperman
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KAMPERMAN, FRANCISCUS LUCAS ANTONIUS JOHANNES
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Priority to US14/538,493 priority Critical patent/US9436809B2/en
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Priority to US15/229,207 priority patent/US9590977B2/en
Priority to US15/352,646 priority patent/US10091186B2/en
Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS N.V. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS N.V.
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/08—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities
    • H04L63/0823—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using certificates
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/10—Protecting distributed programs or content, e.g. vending or licensing of copyrighted material ; Digital rights management [DRM]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/08—Monitoring or testing based on specific metrics, e.g. QoS, energy consumption or environmental parameters
    • H04L43/0852—Delays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L43/00—Arrangements for monitoring or testing data switching networks
    • H04L43/16—Threshold monitoring
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/06—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network
    • H04L63/062—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for supporting key management in a packet data network for key distribution, e.g. centrally by trusted party
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/10—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources
    • H04L63/107—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for controlling access to devices or network resources wherein the security policies are location-dependent, e.g. entities privileges depend on current location or allowing specific operations only from locally connected terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/14—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/30—Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/32—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials
    • H04L9/3263—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06—Authentication
    • H04W12/069—Authentication using certificates or pre-shared keys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/60—Context-dependent security
    • H04W12/63—Location-dependent; Proximity-dependent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F2221/00—Indexing scheme relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/21—Indexing scheme relating to G06F21/00 and subgroups addressing additional information or applications relating to security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F2221/2111—Location-sensitive, e.g. geographical location, GPS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2463/00—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00
    • H04L2463/101—Additional details relating to network architectures or network communication protocols for network security covered by H04L63/00 applying security measures for digital rights management
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/04—Key management, e.g. using generic bootstrapping architecture [GBA]
    • H04W12/041—Key generation or derivation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W12/00—Security arrangements; Authentication; Protecting privacy or anonymity
    • H04W12/06—Authentication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for a first communication device to performing authenticated distance measurement between a first communication device and a second communication device.
  • the invention also relates to a method of determining whether data stored on a first communication device is to be accessed by a second communication device.
  • the invention relates to a communication device for performing authenticated distance measurement to a second communication device.
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for playing back multimedia content comprising a communication device.
  • Digital media have become popular carriers for various types of data information.
  • Computer software and audio information for instance, are widely available on optical compact disks (CDs) and recently also DVD has gained in distribution share.
  • the CD and the DVD utilize a common standard for the digital recording of data, software, images, and audio.
  • Additional media such as recordable discs, solid-state memory, and the like, are making considerable gains in the software and data distribution market.
  • the substantially superior quality of the digital format as compared to the analog format renders the former substantially more prone to unauthorized copying and pirating, further a digital format is both easier and faster to copy.
  • Copying of a digital data stream typically does not lead to any appreciable loss of quality in the data.
  • Digital copying thus is essentially unlimited in terms of multi-generation copying.
  • Analog data with its signal to noise ratio loss with every sequential copy, on the other hand, is naturally limited in terms of multi-generation and mass copying.
  • One way of protecting content in the form of digital data is to ensure that content will only be transferred between devices if
  • SAC secure authenticated channel
  • the common secret is being used for performing the distance measurement, it can be ensured that when measuring the distance from the first communication device to the second communication device, it is the distance between the right devices that is being measured.
  • the method combines a distance measurement protocol with an authentication protocol. This enables authenticated device compliancy testing and is efficient, because a secure channel is anyhow needed to enable secure communication between devices and a device can first be tested on compliancy before a distance measurement is executed.
  • the authenticated distance measurement is performed according to the following steps,
  • the distance is measured in a secure authenticated way ensuring that the distance will not be measured to a third communication device (not knowing the secret).
  • Using the shared secret for modifying the signal is a simple way to perform a secure authenticated distance measurement.
  • the first signal is a spread spectrum signal.
  • a high resolution is obtained and it is possible to cope with bad transmission conditions (e.g. wireless environments with a lot of reflections).
  • step of checking if the second signal has been modified according to the common secret is performed by the steps of,
  • This method is an easy and simple way of performing the check, but it requires that both the first communication device and the second communication device know how the first signal is being modified using the common secret.
  • the first signal and the common secret are bit words and the second signal comprises information being generated by performing an XOR between the bit words.
  • the common secret has been shared before performing the distance measurement, the sharing being performed by the steps of,
  • the secret could be shared using e.g. key transport mechanisms as described in ISO 11770-3.
  • a key agreement protocol could be used, which e.g. is also described in ISO 11770-3.
  • the authentication check further comprises checking if the identification of the second device is compliant with an expected identification. Thereby, it is ensured that the second device really is the device that it should be. The identity could be obtained by checking a certificate stored in the second device.
  • the invention also relates to a method of determining whether data stored on a first communication device are to be accessed by a second communication device, the method comprising the step of performing a distance measurement between the first and the second communication device and checking whether said measured distance is within a predefined distance interval, wherein the distance measurement is an authenticated distance measurement according to the above.
  • the data stored on the first device is sent to the second device if it is determined that the data stored on the first device are to be accessed by the second device.
  • the invention also relates to a method of determining whether data stored on a first communication device are to be accessed by a second communication device, the method comprising the step of performing a distance measurement between a third communication device and the second communication device and checking whether said measured distance is within a predefined distance interval, wherein the distance measurement is an authenticated distance measurement according to the above.
  • the distance is not measured between the first communication device, on which the data are stored, and the second communication device. Instead, the distance is measured between a third communication device and the second communication device, where the third communication device could be personal to the owner of the content.
  • the invention also relates to a communication device for performing authenticated distance measurement to a second communication device, where the communication device shares a common secret with the second communication device and where the communication device comprises means for measuring the distance to the second device using said common secret.
  • the device comprises,
  • the invention also relates to an apparatus for playing back multimedia content comprising a communication device according to the above.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates authenticated distance measurement being used for content protection
  • FIG. 2 is a flow diagram illustrating the method of performing authenticated distance measurement
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in further detail the step of performing the authenticated distance measurement shown in FIG. 2 .
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a communication device for performing authenticated distance measurement.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an embodiment where authenticated distance measurement is being used for content protection.
  • the computer comprises content, such as multimedia content being video or audio, stored on e.g. a hard disk, DVD or a CD.
  • the owner of the computer owns the content and therefore the computer is authorised to access and present the multimedia content for the user.
  • the distance between the other device and the computer 103 is measured and only devices within a predefined distance illustrated by the devices 105 , 107 , 109 , 111 , 113 inside the circle 101 are allowed to receive the content.
  • the devices 115 , 117 , 119 having a distance to the computer 101 being larger than the predefined distance are not allowed to receive the content.
  • a device is a computer, but it could e.g. also be a DVD drive, a CD drive or a Video, as long as the device comprises a communication device for performing the distance measurement.
  • the distance might not have to be measured between the computer, on which the data are stored, and the other device, it could also be a third device e.g. a device being personal to the owner of the content which is within the predefined distance.
  • FIG. 2 a flow diagram illustrates the general idea of performing authenticated distance measurement between two devices, 201 and 203 each comprising communication devices for performing the authenticated distance measurement.
  • the first device 201 comprises content which the second device 203 has requested.
  • the authenticated distance measurement then is as follows.
  • the first device 201 authenticates the second device 203 ; this could comprise the steps of checking whether the second device 203 is a compliant device and might also comprise the step of checking whether the second device 203 really is the device identified to the first device 201 .
  • the first device 201 exchanges a secret with the second device 203 , which e.g. could be performed by transmitting a random generated bit word to 203 .
  • the secret should be shared securely, e.g. according to some key management protocol as described in e.g. ISO 11770.
  • a signal for distance measurement is transmitted to the second device 203 ; the second device modifies the received signal according to the secret and retransmits the modified signal back to the first device.
  • the first device 201 measures the round trip time between the signal leaving and the signal returning and checks if the returned signal was modified according to the exchanged secret.
  • the modification of the returned signal according to some secret will most likely be dependent on the transmission system and the signal used for distance measurement, i.e. it will be specific for each communication system (such as 1394, Ethernet, Bluetooth, ieee 802.11, etc.).
  • the signal used for the distance measurement may be a normal data bit signal, but also special signals other than for data communication may be used.
  • spread spectrum signals are used to be able to get high resolution and to be able to cope with bad transmission conditions (e.g. wireless environments with a lot of reflections).
  • a direct sequence spread spectrum signal is used for distance measurement; this signal could be modified by XORing the chips (e.g. spreading code consisting of 127 chips) of the direct sequence code by the bits of the secret (e.g. secret consists also of 127 bits). Also, other mathematical operations as XOR could be used.
  • the authentication 205 and exchange of secret 207 could be performed using the protocols described in some known ISO standards ISO 9798 and ISO 11770.
  • the first device 201 could authenticate the second device 203 according to the following communication scenario:
  • the second device 203 determines the key (i.e. has key control), this is also called a key transport protocol, but also a key agreement protocol could be used. This may be undesirable in which case it can be reversed, such that the first device determines the key.
  • a secret key has now been exchanged according to 207 in FIG. 2 . Again, the secret key could be exchanged by e.g. a key transport protocol or a key agreement protocol.
  • data can be send between the first and the second device in 211 .
  • FIG. 3 illustrates in further detail the step of performing the authenticated distance measurement.
  • the first device 301 and the second device 303 have exchanged a secret; the secret is stored in the memory 305 of the first device and the memory 307 of the second device.
  • a signal is transmitted to the second device via a transmitter 309 .
  • the second device receives the signal via a receiver 311 and 313 modifies the signal by using the locally stored secret.
  • the signal is modified according to rules known by the first device 301 and transmitted back to the first device 301 via a transmitter 315 .
  • the first device 301 receives the modified signal via a receiver 317 and in 319 the received modified signal is compared to a signal, which has been modified locally.
  • the local modification is performed in 321 by using the signal transmitted to the second device in 309 and then modifying the signal using the locally stored secret similar to the modification rules used by the second device. If the received modified signal and the locally modified signal are identical, then the received signal is authenticated and can be used for determining the distance between the first and the second device. If the two signals are not identical, then the received signal cannot be authenticated and can therefore not be used for measuring the distance as illustrated by 325 . In 323 the distance is calculated between the first and the second device; this could e.g. be performed by measuring the time, when the signal is transmitted by the transmitter 309 from the first device to the second device and measuring when the receiver 317 receives the signal from the second device. The time difference between transmittal time and receive time can then be used for determining the physical distance between the first device and the second device.
  • the device 406 comprises a receiver 403 and a transmitter 411 .
  • the device further comprises means for performing the steps described above, which could be by executing software using a microprocessor 413 connected to memory 415 via a communication bus 417 .
  • the communication device could then be placed inside devices such as a DVD, a computer, a CD, a CD recorder, a television and other devices for accessing protected content.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computing Systems (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Software Systems (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Technology Law (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Storage Device Security (AREA)
  • Small-Scale Networks (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Credit Cards Or The Like (AREA)
  • Communication Control (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Optical Distance (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
US10/521,858 2002-07-26 2003-06-27 Secure authenticated distance measurement Active 2028-01-18 US8886939B2 (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/538,493 US9436809B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2014-11-11 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US15/229,207 US9590977B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2016-08-05 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US15/352,646 US10091186B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2016-11-16 Secure authenticated distance measurement

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02078076 2002-07-26
EP02078076.3 2002-07-26
EP02078076 2002-07-26
PCT/IB2003/002932 WO2004014037A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2003-06-27 Secure authenticated distance measurement

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2003/002932 A-371-Of-International WO2004014037A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2003-06-27 Secure authenticated distance measurement

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/508,917 Continuation US8543819B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2009-07-24 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US14/538,493 Continuation US9436809B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2014-11-11 Secure authenticated distance measurement

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US20050273608A1 US20050273608A1 (en) 2005-12-08
US8886939B2 true US8886939B2 (en) 2014-11-11

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US10/521,858 Active 2028-01-18 US8886939B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2003-06-27 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US12/508,917 Expired - Lifetime US8543819B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2009-07-24 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US14/538,493 Expired - Lifetime US9436809B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2014-11-11 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US15/229,207 Expired - Lifetime US9590977B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2016-08-05 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US15/352,646 Expired - Lifetime US10091186B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2016-11-16 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US16/117,019 Expired - Lifetime US10298564B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2018-08-30 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US16/382,584 Abandoned US20190238530A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2019-04-12 Secure authenticated distance measurement

Family Applications After (6)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/508,917 Expired - Lifetime US8543819B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2009-07-24 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US14/538,493 Expired - Lifetime US9436809B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2014-11-11 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US15/229,207 Expired - Lifetime US9590977B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2016-08-05 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US15/352,646 Expired - Lifetime US10091186B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2016-11-16 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US16/117,019 Expired - Lifetime US10298564B2 (en) 2002-07-26 2018-08-30 Secure authenticated distance measurement
US16/382,584 Abandoned US20190238530A1 (en) 2002-07-26 2019-04-12 Secure authenticated distance measurement

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (7) US8886939B2 (de)
EP (3) EP1527586B1 (de)
JP (2) JP4644487B2 (de)
KR (1) KR101016983B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1672382B (de)
AT (2) ATE523019T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003246997A1 (de)
DE (1) DE60325059D1 (de)
DK (1) DK1973297T3 (de)
ES (2) ES2316826T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2004014037A1 (de)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2023036523A1 (en) 2021-09-09 2023-03-16 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Checking locality of devices
EP4175310A1 (de) 2021-10-28 2023-05-03 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Überprüfung des standorts von vorrichtungen

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