US8798766B2 - Neurostimulation catheter - Google Patents

Neurostimulation catheter Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US8798766B2
US8798766B2 US12/161,979 US16197907A US8798766B2 US 8798766 B2 US8798766 B2 US 8798766B2 US 16197907 A US16197907 A US 16197907A US 8798766 B2 US8798766 B2 US 8798766B2
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
catheter
flexible tube
electric conductor
electric
proximal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active, expires
Application number
US12/161,979
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
US20090012578A1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Luc Carrez
Valéry Dalle
Pierrick Guyomarc'h
Claire Dulong
Cécile Gadenne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vygon SA
Original Assignee
Vygon SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vygon SA filed Critical Vygon SA
Publication of US20090012578A1 publication Critical patent/US20090012578A1/en
Assigned to VYGON reassignment VYGON ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CARREZ, JEAN-LUC, DALLE, VALERY, DULONG, CLAIRE, GADENNE, CECILE, GUYOMARC'H, PIERRICK
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US8798766B2 publication Critical patent/US8798766B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
    • A61N1/02—Details
    • A61N1/04—Electrodes
    • A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
    • A61N1/0551—Spinal or peripheral nerve electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/02—Contact members
    • H01R13/025—Contact members formed by the conductors of a cable end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R2201/00—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications
    • H01R2201/12—Connectors or connections adapted for particular applications for medicine and surgery

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a neurostimulation catheter formed by a flexible tube in a non-electrically conducting material, the distal end of which is rounded and which comprises an electric conductor which extends into the length of the tube for conducting an electric stimulation current from one end to the other end of the tube.
  • the practitioner may make sure that the catheter has reached the desired objective by the reaction of the plexus block to an electrical excitation from the distal end of the catheter.
  • the conductor may be formed by a metal mandrel introduced into the lumen of the tube and which has to be removed after placing the tube in order to clear the lumen before putting the catheter into service, as described for example in publications GB 88 03 153, DE 1 807 487 and CA 2 260 080.
  • the conductor may also be permanently incorporated to the tube in order to allow stimulation at any moment, as described for example in publications DE 101 00976, U.S. Pat. No. 5,081,990.
  • the invention is aimed at avoiding these drawbacks.
  • the conductor with at least one layer of an electrically conducting material applied on the outer face of the sidewall of the tube and insulated by a non-conducting cladding applied on the layer, said conducting layer forming at the distal end of the tube a distal ring which fits the rounded shape of the distal end of the tube and which is not covered by the insulating cladding of the layer so as to form a neurostimulation contact, and said conducting layer forming at the proximal end of the tube, a proximal ring which is not covered by the insulating cladding in order to achieve electrical connection.
  • an ink used for the silver drawing of electric tracks with a pen and a resistant acrylic cladding also applied with the pen are used; alternatively, an epoxy adhesive containing silver particles or a conducting ink without any binder which upon drying only leaves the metal, may be used.
  • an epoxy adhesive containing silver particles or a conducting ink without any binder which upon drying only leaves the metal may be used.
  • Application is performed with the pen, or preferably by screen printing or pad printing.
  • the catheter of the invention further has one or more of the following characteristics:
  • the conductive layer forms a line with calibrated width and thickness
  • a split conducting tube is slipped onto the proximal end of the catheter in order to provide an electrical connection with the proximal ring;
  • the wall of the conducting tube is cut out longitudinally in order to form at least one elastic tab intended for providing electric contact between the tube and an electric wire held in contact with the tab;
  • the catheter is provided with a proximal base
  • a connector is added onto the proximal end of the tube in order to hold the conducting wire
  • said layer is formed by ink containing silver
  • said layer is formed by a mixture of solvent and silver powder
  • said layer was applied by screen printing, by pad printing or by an ink jet.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the catheter
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the proximal end of the catheter according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a longitudinal sectional view of an embodiment of a base for the catheter
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the tubular body of the base
  • FIG. 5 is a detailed view of the conductive tube to be added onto the proximal end of the tubular portion of the catheter according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded view
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the catheter with its base, ready to be used
  • FIG. 8 is an axial sectional view of an alternative embodiment of the base of the catheter tube, before placing the catheter in the base and making electrical connection;
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the base of FIG. 8 ;
  • FIG. 10 shows the same section as that of FIG. 8 after placing the catheter in the base, tightening the nut and making electrical connection;
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of the base of FIG. 10 .
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-section view of the base according to the alternative embodiment, at the electric connection.
  • the catheter illustrated in the figures is formed by a flexible tube ( 1 ) in a non-electrically conducting material on the outer face of which was applied along a line ( 2 ) a layer (A) of an electrically conducting material which extends from the proximal end ( 1 a ) to the distal end ( 1 b ) of the tube ( 1 ) and which is locally clad with a layer of insulating material (B).
  • the conductive layer forms two rings ( 3 , 4 ) of a few millimeters in length and the insulating cladding (B) has been interrupted before these rings.
  • One of the rings will be used as an electric power supply for the conductive cladding and the other ring will be used for transmitting the electric excitation to the nerves (plexus block) at the location where it is intended to stimulate or localize the nerves.
  • both conductive rings are connected through an insulated conductor.
  • the distal conductive ring as an electric contact, is a good solution for neurostimulation because it is not very bulky (thickness of 15-20 ⁇ m), and does not therefore generate any large overthickness which may interfere with the passage of the catheter into a needle; it allows the use of a catheter with an unblocked and unshrinked distal hole, which is better for the flow rate. This also avoids having to push strongly on the injection syringe.
  • the ring may fit the rounded (atraumatic) shape.
  • the invention also relates to embodiments of a base to be mounted on the proximal end of a neurostimulation catheter, in particular of a catheter according to the invention, equipped with means for holding the catheter in the base and with means for providing an electric connection between an electric power supply conductor and the conductive cladding of the catheter, and capable of connecting the catheter to a device for supplying a solution, for example an injection syringe.
  • the base comprises a tubular body ( 10 ), onto an end ( 10 a ) of which a nut ( 11 ) may be screwed so as to provide compression of an elastomeric sleeve ( 12 ), housed in the nut (embodiment of FIGS. 1-7 ) or in the tubular body (embodiment of FIGS. 8-12 ) and crossed by the catheter tube when the latter is introduced into the base; the other end ( 10 b ) of the tubular body includes a conical inlet (Luer conicity) passage for connecting the end piece of a solution-supplying device.
  • a conical inlet Luvity
  • the nut and the sleeve cooperate in order to provide holding of the catheter in the base by lateral compression of the catheter.
  • the base has a side hole ( 13 ) which is formed in the tubular body (embodiment of FIGS. 1-7 ) or in the nut (embodiment of FIGS. 8-12 ), for letting through a wire ( 14 ) or a plug ( 15 ) of an electric conductor ( 9 ) right up to the contact with the catheter tube.
  • a split and elastic metal tube ( 5 ) with one (or more) spring tabs ( 6 ) cut out in the tube and S-shaped, so as to be jutting out inside and outside the tube, is slipped onto the proximal end of the catheter tube. In this way, this tube may be facing the side hole ( 13 ) of the base.
  • the catheter tube is pushed into the base until it abuts in the base.
  • the tab(s) of the metal tube is/are supported on the proximal ring of the conducting layer in order to provide the electric contact.
  • the catheter tube is blocked in the base by the compression sleeve ( 7 ) tightened by the nut.
  • the exposed electric wire ( 9 ) covered with a metal ring ( 11 ) is pushed into the side hole ( 13 ) and blocked. It compresses the tab on the outside and provides the passage of the current of the wire towards the proximal ring.
  • the ring may be forcibly pushed, or force-fitted and held by a screw-nut type system, the side hole of the base is then threaded on the outside and the ring is equipped with a screwable nut.
  • the wire may be dismantled.
  • electric transmission between the catheter and the electric power supply wire is obtained by a direct side contact between the conductive cladding of the catheter and the wire.
  • the proximal end of the catheter tube which includes the outer conducting layer (A) but which is without the insulating layer, is freely and directly slipped into the base ( 10 ), right up to an abutment ( 19 ) and is blocked in position by a compressing sleeve ( 12 ) which is compressed by screwing a nut ( 8 ) onto the base, as previously.
  • the base includes a chamber ( 15 ) for receiving the sleeve terminated at its proximal end by a conical wall ( 16 ).
  • An anti-friction ring ( 17 ) may be placed into the base if there is too much friction between the nut and the sleeve during the compression screwing, so as to prevent the sleeve from twisting.
  • the base, the sleeve and the nut are pre-assembled (without any tightening) before introducing the catheter into the base.
  • the base is transparent, the abutment of the catheter may be observed in the base.
  • the whole length of catheter introduced into the base is conductive. Beyond the base, the catheter is covered with electrically insulating cladding (B).
  • the nut is screwed in, in order to compress the sleeve and to block the catheter.
  • the seal is obtained in the proximal portion of the base.
  • the liquid pushed into the female Luer of the base comes right up into the catheter. If liquid is introduced between the catheter and the sidewall of the lumen ( 20 ), it is collected in a very small chamber ( 18 ), the seal of which is provided by the sleeve ( 12 ) compressed between the cone ( 16 ) of the chamber ( 15 ) and against the catheter.
  • the conductive plug ( 19 ) of the electric line is introduced, which will bring the electric current into a side hole ( 13 ) of the nut.
  • the plug will come into contact with the outer conductive surface of the catheter. Clipping of the base ( 21 ) of this plug into the hole of the nut is possible.
  • a silver-based conducting ink is preferably used.
  • Silver is an ideal material for its conductivity (its resistivity is very low) and its flexibility (it follows without difficulty the curvatures of the tube).
  • a resistance of about 8 ohms is obtained. Now considering the passage of a few mA in neurostimulation, it is better to have a resistance as low as possible.
  • This ink may be a mixture of solvent and very fine silver powder for very good electric conductivity.
  • the application may be achieved by screen printing, pad printing, or even with an ink jet. These application methods are non-limiting.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Media Introduction/Drainage Providing Device (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Treatment Devices (AREA)
US12/161,979 2006-02-02 2007-01-15 Neurostimulation catheter Active 2030-07-18 US8798766B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0600948A FR2896698B1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2006-02-02 Catheter de neurostimulation et son embase
FR0600948 2006-02-02
PCT/FR2007/000064 WO2007088256A1 (fr) 2006-02-02 2007-01-15 Catheter de neurostimulation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090012578A1 US20090012578A1 (en) 2009-01-08
US8798766B2 true US8798766B2 (en) 2014-08-05

Family

ID=37022960

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/161,979 Active 2030-07-18 US8798766B2 (en) 2006-02-02 2007-01-15 Neurostimulation catheter

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US8798766B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1984071B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP5146324B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE451139T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE602007003689D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1984071T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2333484T3 (fr)
FR (1) FR2896698B1 (fr)
PL (1) PL1984071T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1984071E (fr)
WO (1) WO2007088256A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10835706B2 (en) 2016-03-23 2020-11-17 Bartolomé Lajarín Barquero Needle device for a nerve block

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2995215B1 (fr) 2012-09-11 2015-07-24 Vygon Systeme de blocage amovible d'un catheter
CN105007957B (zh) 2012-10-31 2017-12-01 恩克普森有限公司 具有增强的回波产生性的涂层的医疗装置
US9148676B2 (en) * 2012-12-04 2015-09-29 Sony Corporation Broadcast transition channel
US9867963B2 (en) * 2014-06-17 2018-01-16 Avent, Inc. Needle hub for over-the-needle catheter
CN113143355A (zh) * 2015-09-04 2021-07-23 美多斯国际有限公司 多护罩脊柱进入系统
DE102016110379A1 (de) * 2016-06-06 2017-12-07 Pajunk GmbH Medizintechnologie Unipolar-Kanüle

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5275597A (en) * 1992-05-18 1994-01-04 Baxter International Inc. Percutaneous transluminal catheter and transmitter therefor
US5372603A (en) 1989-05-25 1994-12-13 Engineering And Research Associates, Inc. Hollow core coaxial catheter
US5599295A (en) 1992-08-12 1997-02-04 Vidamed, Inc. Medical probe apparatus with enhanced RF, resistance heating, and microwave ablation capabilities
US5681514A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-10-28 Sulzer Intermedics Inc. Method for making an implantable conductive lead for use with a cardiac stimulator
US6134476A (en) 1996-04-17 2000-10-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Transcatheter antenna for microwave treatment
US6208881B1 (en) * 1998-10-20 2001-03-27 Micropure Medical, Inc. Catheter with thin film electrodes and method for making same
US6654641B1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2003-11-25 St. Jude Medical Ab Heart stimulator housing having a tubular connector
US20040039434A1 (en) 1999-09-16 2004-02-26 Schrom Mark G. Neurostimulating lead
US20040097965A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2004-05-20 Gardeski Kenneth C. Multilumen body for an implantable medical device
US6741892B1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2004-05-25 Advanced Bionics Corporation Movable contact locking mechanism for spinal cord stimulator lead connector
US20050015130A1 (en) * 2001-02-28 2005-01-20 Gill Steven Streatfield Brain electrode
US20050150762A1 (en) 2004-01-09 2005-07-14 Butters Colin W. Biosensor and method of manufacture
US20050234522A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2005-10-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Terminal connector assembly for a medical device and method therefor
EP1605729A2 (fr) 2004-04-15 2005-12-14 Pilkington Plc Vitrage chauffée électriquement.

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1807487A1 (de) 1968-11-07 1970-06-11 Solinger Tuerschliesser Fabrik Hydraulischer Tuerschliesser
DE8803153U1 (de) 1988-03-09 1988-06-23 B. Braun Melsungen Ag, 3508 Melsungen Kathetervorrichtung für die Plexusanästhesie
US5081990A (en) 1990-05-11 1992-01-21 New York University Catheter for spinal epidural injection of drugs and measurement of evoked potentials
CA2260080A1 (fr) 1998-07-24 1999-02-04 Ban C.H. Tsui Dispositifs, systemes et techniques permettant de determiner l'emplacement ideal des catheters epiduraux
JP3369157B2 (ja) * 2000-11-01 2003-01-20 マイクロネット メディカル インコーポレイテッド 医療用リードの製造方法
US6916306B1 (en) * 2000-11-10 2005-07-12 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. Steerable loop structures for supporting diagnostic and therapeutic elements in contact with body tissue
JP2002191571A (ja) * 2000-12-26 2002-07-09 Hisayuki Mukai 電極カテーテル
DE10100976C2 (de) 2001-01-11 2003-10-02 Horst Pajunk Katheter für die Nervenblockade
JP4227366B2 (ja) * 2002-06-21 2009-02-18 イーメックス株式会社 電気導通ライン
US20070088208A1 (en) * 2003-02-17 2007-04-19 Mikito Yasuzawa Linear device
US20050131513A1 (en) 2003-12-16 2005-06-16 Cook Incorporated Stent catheter with a permanently affixed conductor

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5372603A (en) 1989-05-25 1994-12-13 Engineering And Research Associates, Inc. Hollow core coaxial catheter
US5275597A (en) * 1992-05-18 1994-01-04 Baxter International Inc. Percutaneous transluminal catheter and transmitter therefor
US5599295A (en) 1992-08-12 1997-02-04 Vidamed, Inc. Medical probe apparatus with enhanced RF, resistance heating, and microwave ablation capabilities
US5681514A (en) * 1995-06-07 1997-10-28 Sulzer Intermedics Inc. Method for making an implantable conductive lead for use with a cardiac stimulator
US6134476A (en) 1996-04-17 2000-10-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Transcatheter antenna for microwave treatment
US6208881B1 (en) * 1998-10-20 2001-03-27 Micropure Medical, Inc. Catheter with thin film electrodes and method for making same
US6654641B1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2003-11-25 St. Jude Medical Ab Heart stimulator housing having a tubular connector
US20040039434A1 (en) 1999-09-16 2004-02-26 Schrom Mark G. Neurostimulating lead
US6741892B1 (en) * 2000-03-10 2004-05-25 Advanced Bionics Corporation Movable contact locking mechanism for spinal cord stimulator lead connector
US20050234522A1 (en) * 2000-12-15 2005-10-20 Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. Terminal connector assembly for a medical device and method therefor
US20050015130A1 (en) * 2001-02-28 2005-01-20 Gill Steven Streatfield Brain electrode
US20040097965A1 (en) * 2002-11-19 2004-05-20 Gardeski Kenneth C. Multilumen body for an implantable medical device
US20050150762A1 (en) 2004-01-09 2005-07-14 Butters Colin W. Biosensor and method of manufacture
EP1605729A2 (fr) 2004-04-15 2005-12-14 Pilkington Plc Vitrage chauffée électriquement.

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10835706B2 (en) 2016-03-23 2020-11-17 Bartolomé Lajarín Barquero Needle device for a nerve block

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP5146324B2 (ja) 2013-02-20
PL1984071T3 (pl) 2010-05-31
US20090012578A1 (en) 2009-01-08
JP2009525099A (ja) 2009-07-09
EP1984071B1 (fr) 2009-12-09
PT1984071E (pt) 2010-01-25
WO2007088256A1 (fr) 2007-08-09
DK1984071T3 (da) 2010-01-25
FR2896698B1 (fr) 2008-09-19
DE602007003689D1 (de) 2010-01-21
ES2333484T3 (es) 2010-02-22
FR2896698A1 (fr) 2007-08-03
EP1984071A1 (fr) 2008-10-29
ATE451139T1 (de) 2009-12-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US8798766B2 (en) Neurostimulation catheter
US8525027B2 (en) Modular lead interconnector
US5306236A (en) Needle electrode for use with hypodermic syringe attachment
EP0972538A3 (fr) Système fournissant une stimulation électrique à une partie du système nerveux
US9216563B2 (en) Lead anchor with adhesive and systems and methods using the lead anchor
EP2996763B1 (fr) Dérivations de stimulation électrique avec unité d'ancrage et électrodes, et méthodes de fabrication et d'utilisation associées
AU2014265848B2 (en) Electrical stimulation leads and systems with anchoring units and methods of making and using
CA2403197A1 (fr) Instrument et methode d'administration d'un medicament anesthesique
WO2003059440A3 (fr) Manche de stylet d'une sonde de neurostimulation
EP1633411A2 (fr) Instrument et technique d'apport de medicament anesthesique
WO2006093686A3 (fr) Electrode de sonde utilisee dans un dispositif medical implantable compatible avec l'irm
US20220287566A1 (en) System for providing targeted electrical stimulation to tissue
WO2009100814A8 (fr) Dispositif et procédé pour positionner une canule pour blocs nerveux
CN104546115A (zh) 方向调节电极导管组件
WO2008016881A3 (fr) Dérivation et procédés de surveillance et de modulation cérébrale
EP1166808A3 (fr) Seringue automatique portable et aiguille d'injection
CN104144639A (zh) 用于将线的终端固定到表面电极的夹具
JP2009525099A5 (fr)
US20140188201A1 (en) Systems and methods for making and using contact assemblies for leads of electrical stimulation systems
WO2008055025A1 (fr) Dispositif de distribution de fil médical
US20180243551A1 (en) Electrical stimulation leads and systems with elongate anchoring elements and methods of making and using
US9461421B2 (en) Catheter handle
CN217848476U (zh) 一种探头的硅胶线头结构
US6418347B1 (en) Transcutaneous medical electrode for connecting to a touch proof connector
CN214971150U (zh) 一种带金属公扣的针电极

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: VYGON, FRANCE

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:CARREZ, JEAN-LUC;DALLE, VALERY;GUYOMARC'H, PIERRICK;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:022932/0961

Effective date: 20090615

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 4TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1551)

Year of fee payment: 4

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 8TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1552); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 8