US8383567B2 - Cellulase-free enzyme compositions and host cells for producing the same - Google Patents

Cellulase-free enzyme compositions and host cells for producing the same Download PDF

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US8383567B2
US8383567B2 US12/443,241 US44324107A US8383567B2 US 8383567 B2 US8383567 B2 US 8383567B2 US 44324107 A US44324107 A US 44324107A US 8383567 B2 US8383567 B2 US 8383567B2
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Marguerite A. Cervin
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Danisco US Inc
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
    • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/74—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora
    • C12N15/75—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for prokaryotic hosts other than E. coli, e.g. Lactobacillus, Micromonospora for Bacillus

Definitions

  • the present invention provides recombinant bacterial cells for producing a detergent-additive protein.
  • the cells are of the genus Bacillus .
  • the cells comprise a genome comprising an inactivated bglC gene, as well as a recombinant nucleic acid for production of at least one secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is a protease.
  • the present invention also provides methods of using the bacterial cells to produce at least one detergent-additive protein, as well as cellulase-free compositions containing at least one detergent-additive protein.
  • exogenous polypeptides are widely used technique. It is well known that cells can be transformed with nucleic acids encoding exogenous polypeptides of interest for expression and production of large quantities of the desired polypeptides. In some applications, the methods are used to produce vast amounts of polypeptide over what would be produced naturally by the originating organism. Indeed, expression of exogenous nucleic acid sequences, as well as over-expression of endogenous sequences have been extensively used in modern biotechnology.
  • undesirable products are produced along with the protein of interest.
  • a recombinant enzyme e.g., a protease, amylase or the like
  • other enzymes that are undesirable e.g., cellulases
  • the present invention provides recombinant bacterial cells for producing a detergent-additive protein.
  • the cells are of the genus Bacillus .
  • the cells comprise a genome comprising an inactivated bglC gene, as well as a recombinant nucleic acid for production of at least one secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is a protease.
  • the present invention also provides methods of using the bacterial cells to produce at least one detergent-additive protein, as well as cellulase-free compositions containing at least one detergent-additive protein.
  • the present invention provides recombinant Bacillus sp. host cells comprising a genome comprising an inactivated bglC gene, wherein the cell further comprises a recombinant nucleic acid for production of a secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the inactivated bglC gene contains a deletion, an insertion, a substitution or a rearrangement.
  • the Bacillus sp. cell is a B. lichenifonnis, B. subtilis, B. clausii, B. alkalophilus or B. halodurans cell.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is an enzyme selected from a protease, an amylase, a pectate lyase and a lipase.
  • the enzyme is a protease.
  • the protease is a subtilisin.
  • the bglC gene encodes a polypeptide that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the present invention also provides cultures of cells comprising culture medium and a recombinant Bacillus sp. host cell comprising a genome comprising an inactivated bglC gene, wherein the cell further comprises a recombinant nucleic acid for production of a secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the inactivated bglC gene contains a deletion, an insertion, a substitution or a rearrangement.
  • the Bacillus sp. cell is a B. lichenifonnis, B. subtilis, B. clausii, B. alkalophilus or B. halodurans cell.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is an enzyme selected from a protease, an amylase, a pectate lyase, an acyltransferase, an arylesterase and a lipase.
  • the enzyme is a protease.
  • the protease is a subtilisin.
  • the bglC gene encodes a polypeptide that is at least 80% identical to SEQ ID NO:2.
  • the present invention further provides methods comprising maintaining the culture of cells under conditions suitable to produce the secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the methods further comprise recovering the secreted detergent-additive protein from the culture medium.
  • the methods further comprise combining the secreted detergent-additive protein with a laundry detergent.
  • the detergent-additive protein is a subtilisin protease.
  • the present invention also provides a cellulase-free protein or enzyme composition produced by the methods set forth herein.
  • the composition comprises a secreted detergent-additive protein produced by a Bacillus sp. and is characterized in that the composition is does not have detectable cellulase activity.
  • the present invention further provides a cellulase-free laundry detergent comprising a secreted detergent-additive protein produced by the methods set forth herein.
  • the cellulase-free laundry detergent comprises a cellulosic polymer.
  • the present invention also provides methods for making a host cell, comprising introducing a first recombinant nucleic acid into a Bacillus sp. cell so that the recombinant nucleic acid recombines with the bglC gene of the cell; and introducing a second recombinant nucleic acid into the cell that provides for expression of the secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the nucleic acid inserts into the bglC gene.
  • the nucleic acid deletes at least a portion of the bglC gene.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is a subtilisin.
  • FIGS. 1A-B provide the strategy employed to construct a Bacillus host cell containing an inactivated bglC gene.
  • FIG. 2 provides a graph showing the results of viscosity assays on the culture supernatants of two Bacillus subtilis strains having an inactivated bglC gene (i.e., “host A” and “host B”) and two Bacillus subtilis strains having an inactivated bglS genes (i.e., “host C” and “host D”). Fluid viscosity is measured in centipoises (i.e., cP).
  • FIG. 3 is a graph showing the results of viscosity assays on the culture supernatants of two Bacillus subtilis strains producing recombinant subtilisin.
  • Strain MDT-05-28 has an inactivated bglC gene whereas strain MTD-04-250 contains wild type bglC gene.
  • the present invention provides recombinant bacterial cells for producing a detergent-additive protein.
  • the cells are of the genus Bacillus .
  • the cells comprise a genome comprising an inactivated bglC gene, as well as a recombinant nucleic acid for production of at least one secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is a protease.
  • the present invention also provides methods of using the bacterial cells to produce at least one detergent-additive protein, as well as cellulase-free compositions containing at least one detergent-additive protein.
  • a includes a plurality of such host cells.
  • reference to “a gene” includes a plurality of such candidate agents and reference to “the cell” includes reference to one or more cells and equivalents thereof known to those skilled in the art, and so forth.
  • nucleic acids are written left to right in 5′ to 3′ orientation; amino acid sequences are written left to right in amino to carboxy orientation, respectively.
  • the headings provided herein are not limitations of the various aspects or embodiments of the invention that can be had by reference to the specification as a whole. It is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols, and reagents described, as these may vary, depending upon the context they are used by those of skill in the art. Accordingly, the terms defined immediately below are more fully defined by reference to the Specification as a whole.
  • recombinant refers to a polynucleotide or polypeptide that does not naturally occur in a host cell.
  • a recombinant molecule may contain two or more naturally-occurring sequences that are linked together in a way that does not occur naturally.
  • a recombinant cell contains a recombinant polynucleotide or polypeptide.
  • heterologous refers to elements that are not normally associated with each other. For example, if a host cell produces a heterologous protein, that protein that is not normally produced by that host cell.
  • a promoter that is operably linked to a heterologous coding sequence is a promoter that is operably linked to a coding sequence that it is not usually operably linked to in a wild-type host cell.
  • homologous when used in reference to a polynucleotide or protein, refers to a polynucleotide or protein that occurs naturally in a host cell.
  • protein and “polypeptide” are used interchangeably herein.
  • a “signal sequence” is a sequence of amino acids present at the N-terminal portion of a protein which facilitates the secretion of the mature form of the protein outside the cell.
  • the definition of a signal sequence is a functional one.
  • the mature form of the extracellular protein lacks the signal sequence which is cleaved off during the secretion process.
  • coding sequence is a DNA segment that encodes a polypeptide.
  • an “inactivated gene” is a locus of a genome that, prior to its inactivation, was capable of producing a protein (i.e., capable of being transcribed into an RNA that could be translated to produce a full length polypeptide).
  • a gene encoding an enzyme is inactivated when it not transcribed and translated into full length catalytically active protein.
  • a gene may be inactivated by altering a sequence required for its transcription, for example by altering a sequence required for RNA processing (e.g., poly-A tail addition), or by altering a sequence required for translation.
  • inactivated genes include but are not limited to a deleted gene, a gene containing a deleted region, a gene containing a rearranged region, a gene having an inactivating point mutation or frameshift, and a gene containing an insertion.
  • a gene may also be inactivated using antisense or any other method that abolishes expression of that gene.
  • nucleic acid encompasses DNA, RNA, whether single stranded or double stranded, and encompasses chemically modified DNA or RNA.
  • nucleic acid and polynucleotide are used interchangeably herein.
  • vector refers to a polynucleotide designed to introduce nucleic acids into one or more host cells. In preferred embodiments, vectors autonomously replicate in different host cells. The term is intended to encompass, but is not limited to cloning vectors, expression vectors, shuttle vectors, plasmids, phage particles, cassettes, and the like.
  • an “expression vector” as used herein refers to a DNA construct comprising a protein-coding region that is operably linked to a suitable control sequence capable of effecting expression of the protein in a suitable host cell.
  • control sequences include a promoter to effect transcription, an optional operator sequence to control transcription to produce mRNA, a sequence encoding suitable ribosome binding sites on the mRNA, and enhancers and sequences which control termination of transcription and translation.
  • promoter refers to a regulatory sequence that initiates transcription of a downstream nucleic acid.
  • operably linked refers to an arrangement of elements that allows them to be functionally related.
  • a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if it controls the transcription of the sequence.
  • selectable marker refers to a protein capable of expression in a host that allows for ease of selection of those hosts containing an introduced nucleic acid or vector.
  • selectable markers include but are not limited to antimicrobials (e.g., hygromycin, bleomycin, or chloramphenicol) and/or genes that confer a metabolic advantage, such as a nutritional advantage on the host cell.
  • derived encompasses the terms “originated from,” “obtained,” or “obtainable from,” and “isolated from”.
  • non-pathogenic organism is an organism that is not pathogenic to humans and/or other animals.
  • recovered refers to a protein, cell, nucleic acid or amino acid that is removed from at least one component with which it is naturally associated.
  • the terms “transformed,” “stably transformed,” and “transgenic” when used in reference to a cell means the cell has a non-native (e.g., heterologous) nucleic acid sequence integrated into its genome or as an episomal plasmid that is maintained through multiple generations.
  • expression refers to the process by which a polypeptide is produced based on the nucleic acid sequence of a gene.
  • the process includes both transcription and translation.
  • the term “introduced” in the context of inserting a nucleic acid sequence into a cell means “transfection,” “transformation,” or “transduction,” and includes reference to the incorporation of a nucleic acid sequence into a eukaryotic or prokaryotic cell wherein the nucleic acid sequence may be incorporated into the genome of the cell (e.g., chromosome, plasmid, plastid, or mitochondrial DNA), converted into an autonomous replicon, or transiently expressed (e.g., transfected mRNA).
  • the genome of the cell e.g., chromosome, plasmid, plastid, or mitochondrial DNA
  • transiently expressed e.g., transfected mRNA
  • hybridization refers to the process by which a strand of nucleic acid joins with a complementary strand through base pairing as known in the art.
  • a nucleic acid is considered to be “selectively hybridizable” to a reference nucleic acid sequence if the two sequences specifically hybridize to one another under moderate to high stringency hybridization and wash conditions. Moderate and high stringency hybridization conditions are known to those of skill in the art (See e.g., Ausubel et al., Short Protocols in Molecular Biology, 3rd ed., Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, N.J.
  • High stringency conditions include hybridization at about 42° C. in 50% formamide, 5 ⁇ SSC, 5 ⁇ Denhardt's solution, 0.5% SDS and 100 ug/ml denatured carrier DNA followed by washing two times in 2 ⁇ SSC and 0.5% SDS at room temperature and two additional times in 0.1 ⁇ SSC and 0.5% SDS at 42° C.
  • cellulosic polymer refers to cellulose, hemicellulose or modified cellulose or hemicellulose polymers that comprise at least one 1,4-beta-D glucosidic linkage.
  • cellulose refers to a polysaccharide polymer comprising glucose residues joined by beta-1,4 linkages.
  • hemicellulose refers to a polysaccharide polymer comprising at least one non-glucose saccharide residue (e.g., xylose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, uronic acid or galacturonic acid, or xylans), joined by a beta-(1-4) linkage.
  • non-glucose saccharide residue e.g., xylose, galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, mannose, uronic acid or galacturonic acid, or xylans
  • Hemicelluloses include xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan, glucomannan, xyloglucan, and galactomannan.
  • cellulase refers to an enzyme that hydrolyzes the 1,4-beta-D-glucosidic linkages in cellulose, lichen and cereal beta-D-glucans.
  • the cellulase described herein has an activity described as EC 3.2.1.4, according to IUMBM enzyme nomenclature.
  • the systematic name for the cellulase described herein is 1,4-(1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan 4-glucanohydrolase.
  • Bacillus sp. refers to any species of the genus Bacillus including but not limited to B. subtilis, B. lichenifonnis, B. lentus, B. brevis, B. stearothermophilus, B. alkalophilus, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. clausii, B. halodurans, B. megaterium, B. coagulans, B. circulans, B. lautus , and B. thuringiensis , as well as sub-species thereof.
  • cellulase-free Bacillus sp refers to a genetically engineered Bacillus sp. host cell that does not secrete a detectable amount of cellulase.
  • a cellulase-free Bacillus strain may contain an inactivated bglC gene.
  • an “equivalent unaltered Bacillus sp. strain” refers to the host strain that is otherwise identical to a cellulase-free Bacillus sp. strain, except the bglC gene is not altered (i.e., is wild-type).
  • culturing refers to growing a population of microbial cells under suitable conditions in a liquid or solid medium. In some embodiments, culturing refers to fermentative recombinant production of an exogenous protein of interest or other desired end products (typically in a vessel or reactor).
  • a “detergent-additive protein” refers to a protein that is to be added to laundry detergent.
  • a detergent-additive protein may be an enzyme (e.g., a protease, amylase, pectate lyase, lipase, acyltransferase, arylesterases or a protein that does not have enzymatic activity)
  • beta-glucan hydrolases i.e., enzymes having an activity described as EC 3.2.1.8, EC 3.2.1.32, EC 3.2.1.72, EC 3.2.1.136, according to IUMBM enzyme nomenclature
  • xylanases i.e., enzymes having an activity described as EC 3.2.1.75, according to IUMBM enzyme nomenclature are also specifically excluded from the term “detergent-additive protein.”
  • a Bacillus sp. host cell that produces reduced (e.g., undetectable) levels of cellulase is provided by the present invention.
  • the subject Bacillus sp. host cell typically produces less than about 50% (e.g., less than about 40%, less than about 30%, less than about 20%, or less than about 10%) of the cellulase of an equivalent wild-type Bacillus sp. host cell.
  • the subject cell produces less than about 5% of the cellulase of an equivalent Bacillus sp. host cell.
  • the cellulase is undetectable (i.e., the Bacillus sp.
  • host cell is a cellulase-free Bacillus sp. host cell). It is intended that cellulase activity be assessed by any suitable method known, for example, by staining cellulose-containing LP agar plates with Congo red (See e.g., Wolf et al, Microbiol., 141:281-290 [1995]; and Carder, Anal. Biochem., 153:75-9 [1986]), and/or by using a viscosity assay, as described in more detail below.
  • a Bacillus sp. host cell that produces a reduced amount of cellulase is produced by reducing the expression of the bglC gene product by the cell.
  • bglC expression is reduced in a Bacillus sp. host cell using any suitable method, including but not limited to methods that employ antisense molecules, or ribozymes, for example.
  • expression of bglC is reduced by inactivating the bglC gene in the cell.
  • the Bacillus sp. bglC gene comprises at least 70% (e.g., at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 97% or at least 98% sequence identity) to a bglC sequence deposited in NCBI's Genbank database and provided above (SEQ ID NO:1).
  • the Bacillus sp. bglC gene hybridizes under stringent conditions to a bglC sequence deposited in NCBI's Genbank database or SEQ ID NO:1.
  • bglC gene encodes a polypeptide that has at least 70% sequence identity (e.g., at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 93%, at least 95%, at least 97% or at least 98% sequence identity) to a bglC sequence deposited in NCBI's Genbank database or SEQ ID NO:2.
  • Exemplary bglC protein and nucleotide sequences deposited in NCBI's Genbank database include: GID:3100136 ( Bacillus licheniformis ), GID:52348343 ( Bacillus licheniformis ), GID:42491106 ( Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ) and GID:50812243 ( Bacillus subtilis ).
  • Genbank accessions are incorporated by reference in their entirety, including the nucleic acid and protein sequences therein and the annotation of those sequences.
  • the Bacillus sp. host cell is of any of the following species: B. licheniformis, B. lentus, B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, B. brevis, B. stearothermophilus, B. alkalophilus, B. coagulans, B. circulans, B. pumilus, B. thuringiensis, B. clausii , or B. megaterium.
  • B. subtilis host cells include, but not limited to those described in U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the host cell comprises a recombinant nucleic acid comprising an expression cassette (i.e., a promoter, a polynucleotide encoding a detergent-additive protein, and a transcriptional terminator), wherein the expression cassette is sufficient for the production of the detergent-additive protein by the Bacillus sp. host cell.
  • the recombinant nucleic acid is integrated into the genome of the host cell, while in other embodiments, the recombinant nucleic acid is present in a vector that replicates autonomously from the genome.
  • the polynucleotide encoding the detergent-additive protein is codon optimized for expression of the protein in the Bacillus sp. host cell.
  • the Bacillus host cell is engineered to maximize protein expression.
  • the host cells contain an inactivating alteration in at least one of the following genes, degU, degS, degR and/or degQ (See, Msadek et al., J. Bacteriol., 172:824-834 [1990]; and Olmos et al., Mol. Gen. Genet., 253:562-567 [1997]).
  • the host cell is a B. subtilis that carries a degU32(Hy) mutation.
  • the Bacillus host cell comprises a mutation and/or deletion in scoC4, (See, Caldwell et al., J. Bacteriol. 183:7329-7340 [2001]); spoIIE (See, Arigoni et al., Mol. Microbiol., 31:1407-1415 [1999]); oppA or another gene in the opp operon (See, Perego et al., Mol. Microbiol., 5:173-185 [1991]). Indeed, it is contemplated that any mutation in the opp operon that causes the same phenotype as a mutation in the oppA gene will find use in some embodiments of the altered Bacillus strain of the present invention.
  • an altered Bacillus of the invention is obtained from a Bacillus host strain that already includes a mutation to one or more of the above-mentioned genes. In alternate embodiments, an altered Bacillus of the invention is further engineered to include mutation of one or more of the above-mentioned genes.
  • Bacillus sp. host cells constructed using any convenient method find use in the present invention, including cells constructed by altering the sequence of the bglC gene of the cell by making an insertion, deletion, replacement, frameshift, point mutation, and/or rearrangement in the gene find use in the present invention.
  • the portion of the gene to be altered is within the coding region or a regulatory element required for expression of the coding region.
  • the regulatory or control sequence of a gene is a promoter sequence or a functional part thereof (i.e., a part which is necessary for expression of the gene).
  • Such gene inactivation methods are well known in the art (See e.g., Wolf et al Microbiol., 141:281-290 [1995]).
  • the host cell is constructed by: introducing a recombinant nucleic acid into a Bacillus sp. cell so that the recombinant nucleic acid recombines with the bglC gene of the cell's genome and introducing a second recombinant nucleic acid into the cell to provide for expression of a secreted detergent-additive protein.
  • the nucleic acid inserts into the bglC gene, while in other embodiments, it deletes at least a portion of the bglC gene.
  • Suitable methods for introducing polynucleotide sequences into Bacillus cells are well known to those of skill in the art (See e.g., Ferrari et al., “Genetics,” in Harwood et al. (ed.), Bacillus, Plenum Publishing Corp. [ 1989], pages 57-72; See also, Saunders et al., J. Bacteriol., 157:718-726 [1984]; Hoch et al., J. Bacteriol., 93:1925-1937 [1967]; Mann et al., Curr.
  • the present invention provides a Bacillus sp. host cell that further contains a recombinant nucleic acid for production of a secreted detergent-additive protein, where a secreted detergent-additive protein is a protein (e.g., an enzyme) that is secreted from the cell and is added to laundry detergent.
  • a secreted detergent-additive protein is a protein (e.g., an enzyme) that is secreted from the cell and is added to laundry detergent.
  • Exemplary detergent-additive proteins include, but are not limited to proteases (e.g., subtilisins), alpha-amylases, mannanases, cellulases, lyases, acyltransferases, arylesterases and lipases, etc.
  • the detergent-additive protein may be expressed by a strain that is the same as the strain from which the detergent-additive protein is derived.
  • subtilisins i.e., extracellular alkaline serine proteases
  • Any suitable subtilisin finds use in the present invention (See e.g., Siezen, Protein Sci., 6:501-523 [1997]; Bryan, Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1543:203-222 [2000]; Maurer, Curr. Op, Biotechnol., 2004 15:330-334 [2004]; and Gupta, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 59:15-32 [2002]).
  • the subtilisin of interest has an activity described as EC 3.4.4.16, according to IUMBM enzyme nomenclature.
  • subtilisin has an amino acid sequences that is found in wild-type genomes (i.e., the subtilisin is a naturally-occurring subtilisin), while in other embodiments, the subtilisin is a variant of a naturally-occurring subtilisin.
  • the variant subtilisin comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 95% or at least 98% identical to a subtilisin encoded by a wild-type genome.
  • Exemplary subtilisins include, but are not limited to: ALCANASE® (Novozymes), FNATM (Genencor), SAVINASE® (Novozymes) PURAFECTTM (Genencor), KAPTM (Kao), EVERLASETM (Novozymes), PURAFECT OxPTM (Genencor), FN4TM (Genencor), BLAP STM (Henkel), BLAP XTM (Henkel), ESPERASE® (Novozymes), KANNASETM (Novozymes) and PROPERASETM (Genencor).
  • subtilisin includes, but is not limited to subtilisin 168, subtilisin BPN′, subtilisin Carlsberg, subtilisin DY, subtilisin 147, or subtilisin 309 (See e.g., EP414279B; WO89/06279; and Stahl et al., J. Bacteriol., 159:811-818 [1984]).
  • Additional subtilisins and other proteases that find use in the present invention include but are not limited to those described in WO 99/20770; WO 99/20726; WO 99/20769; WO 89/06279; RE 34,606; U.S. Pat. Nos.
  • the host cells are used to make protein compositions and laundry detergents, where the detergent, in some preferred embodiments, contains at least one cellulosic polymer.
  • the host cell is cultured to provide at least one secreted detergent-additive protein into the growth medium in which the cell is growing.
  • the secreted detergent-additive protein is recovered from the growth medium using any suitable method (e.g., precipitation, centrifugation, affinity, filtration or any other method known in the art).
  • any suitable method e.g., precipitation, centrifugation, affinity, filtration or any other method known in the art.
  • affinity chromatography Ti.g., FEBS Lett., 16:215 [1984]
  • ion-exchange chromatographic methods Goya) et al., Bio. Technol., 36:37 [1991]
  • Fliess et al. Eur. J. Appl. Microbiol.
  • the detergent-additive protein is used without purification from the other components the culture medium.
  • the culture medium is simply concentrated and then used without further purification of the protein from the components of the growth medium.
  • the culture medium is used without any further modification.
  • the protein compositions produced using the host cells generally contain reduced cellulose, as compared to an equivalent Bacillus host cell that contains an unaltered (e.g., wild-type) bglC gene.
  • the cellulase content of a composition is evaluated by measuring the change in viscosity of a solution of a cellulosic polymer (e.g., a solution containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)) upon addition of the composition to the solution.
  • a cellulosic polymer e.g., a solution containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)
  • CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
  • the composition is capable of reducing the viscosity of a solution of cellulosic material by less than 80% (e.g., less than 50%, less than 30%, less than 20% or less than 10%), as compared to the reduction by an equivalent protein composition produced using a Bacillus cell having an unaltered bglC gene.
  • the protein composition does not produce a detectable reduction in the viscosity of a solution of cellulosic material, in which case the protein composition is considered to be a “cellulase-free” protein composition.
  • Cellulase-free protein compositions find use in various settings, including but not limited to laundry detergents, particularly those detergents that contain cellulosic polymers.
  • laundry detergents comprising the cellulase-free protein composition of the present invention contain from about 1% to 80%, (e.g., 5% to 50%)(by weight) of surfactant.
  • the surfactant is a non-ionic surfactant, while in other embodiments, it is a cationic surfactant, and in still other embodiments, it is an anionic surfactant, and in further embodiments it is a zwitterionic surfactant, and in still further embodiments, it comprises any mixture thereof (e.g., a mixture of anionic and nonionic surfactants).
  • Exemplary surfactants include, but are not limited to alkyl benzene sulfonate (ABS), including linear alkyl benzene sulfonate and linear alkyl sodium sulfonate, alkyl phenoxy polyethoxy ethanol (e.g., nonyl phenoxy ethoxylate or nonyl phenol), diethanolamine, triethanolamine and monoethanolamine. Additional descriptions of surfactants that find use in laundry detergents are provided in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,664,961, 3,919,678, 4,222,905, and 4,239,659.
  • the laundry detergent comprising the cellulase-free enzyme of the present invention finds use in any form (e.g., solid, liquid, gel, etc.).
  • the laundry detergents further contain a buffer such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or detergent builder, bleach, bleach activator, an enzymes, an enzyme stabilizing agent, suds booster, suppresser, anti-tarnish agent, anti-corrosion agent, soil suspending agent, soil release agent, germicide, pH adjusting agent, non-builder alkalinity source, chelating agent, organic or inorganic filler, solvent, hydrotrope, optical brightener, dye or perfumes.
  • a buffer such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, or detergent builder, bleach, bleach activator, an enzymes, an enzyme stabilizing agent, suds booster, suppresser, anti-tarnish agent, anti-corrosion agent, soil suspending agent, soil release agent, germicide, pH adjusting agent, non-builder alkalinity source, chelating agent, organic or inorganic filler,
  • the laundry detergents contain a cellulosic polymer (e.g., a cellulose polymer) or a modified cellulose polymer.
  • Suitable cellulosic polymers include, but are not limited to anionically modified cellulose, nonionically modified cellulose, cationically modified cellulose, zwitterionically modified cellulose, and mixtures thereof, as well as cellulose, cellulose ethers, cellulose esters, cellulose amides, methyl cellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyl ethyl cellulose, hydroxylpropyl methyl cellulose, ester carboxy methyl cellulose, and any mixture(s) thereof.
  • a modified cellulose ether polymer See e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,833,347), or other cellulosic polymer (See e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,009,800 and 4,661,267) find use in the present invention.
  • the laundry detergent contains from about 0.1% to 8% by weight (e.g., about 0.5% to 4% or about 1% to 3%, of cellulosic polymer).
  • FIGS. 1A-B The general strategy for the deletion of the bglC gene is depicted in the diagrams in FIGS. 1A-B . Briefly, upstream and downstream DNA fragments flanking the bglC gene were amplified by PCR and ligated together in a vector. The insert was opened by digestion with a restriction endonuclease and the spectinomycin cassette, flanked by loxP sites, was ligated in. The resultant plasmid was linearized by digestion with a restriction endonuclease and transformed into Bacillus . By selection with the introduced antimicrobial marker (spectinomycin), the replacement of the gene of interest was accomplished by a double crossover event. In the case of bglC, the coding region was replaced with the spectinomycin resistance gene that was looped out using the Cre recombinase which recognizes the flanking loxP sites.
  • spectinomycin antimicrobial marker
  • DNA constructs were made using PCR technology using the strategy described in WO 03/083125 and the primers described in of Table 1.
  • restriction sites are designated as follows: XbaI is TCTAGA (SEQ ID NO:20); BamHI is GGATCC (SEQ ID NO:21); Sad is GAGCTC (SEQ ID NO:22); Asp718 is GGTACC (SEQ ID NO:23); PstI is CTGCAG (SEQ ID NO:24) and HindIII is AAGCTT (SEQ ID NO:25).
  • PCR reactions were carried out in 150 ⁇ L, Eppendorf tubes containing 84 ⁇ L water, 10 ⁇ L PCR buffer, 1 ⁇ L of each primer (i.e., BglC SacI UF and BglC BamHI UR, or loxPBamH1F and loxPBamH1R), 2 ⁇ L of dNTPs, 1 ⁇ L of DNA template (e.g., wild type Bacillus chromosomal or control plasmid), and 1 ⁇ L of DNA polymerase.
  • the samples were first heated at 94° C. for 5 minutes, then cooled to a 50° C. hold. The DNA polymerase was added at this point. Twenty-five cycles of amplification consisted of 1 minute at 95° C., 1 minute at 50° C. and 1 minute at 72° C. A final 10 minutes at 72° C. ensured complete elongation. Samples were held at 4° C. until analysis. The reactions yielded the flanking DNA cassettes (approximately 1 kb each) and the loxPspectinomycin cassette with BamHI restriction sites at the 5′ and 3′ ends.
  • the bglC upstream fragment was cut with SacI and BamHI in NEB (New England BioLabs) restriction buffer B.
  • the digested fragments were purified by gel electrophoresis and extraction using the Qiagen QIAQUICK® gel extraction kit following the manufacturer's instructions.
  • Ligation of the fragments into a plasmid vector was done in two steps, using either the Takara ligation kit, following the manufacturer's instructions or T4 DNA ligase (Reaction contents: 5 ⁇ L each insert fragment, 1 ⁇ L cut pUC19 plasmid, 3 ⁇ L T4 DNA ligase buffer, and 1 ⁇ L T4 DNA ligase).
  • reaction contents 5 ⁇ L each insert fragment, 1 ⁇ L cut pUC19 plasmid, 3 ⁇ L T4 DNA ligase buffer, and 1 ⁇ L T4 DNA ligase).
  • the cut upstream and downstream fragments were ligated overnight at 15° C.
  • Transformants were selected on Luria-Bertani (LB) broth solidified with 1.5% agar (LA) plus 50 ug/ml carbenicillin containing X-gal (Sigma) for blue-white screening. Clones were picked and grown overnight at 37° C. in 5 mL of Luria Bertani broth (LB) plus 50 ug/ml carbenicillin and plasmids were isolated using Qiagen's QIAQUICK® Mini-Prep kit. Restriction analysis using SacI confirmed the presence of the 2 kb insert.
  • Viscosity was measured using the following method: a 2 ml volume of 1% cellulosic material (carboxymethyl cellulose) was dispensed into cryogenic vials for each experiment. A 60 microliter sample was added to 2 ml volume of cellulosic material. After gently mixing, samples were taken for analysis at the appropriate preselected time (e.g., incubation for 20 hours).
  • sample and substrate were pipetted into a sample cup of a viscometer (Brookfield LV DVIII Cone & Plate viscometer with a CP40 waterbath set at 25° C.) and the viscometer was programmed so that the SSN (set speed) was at 16 RPM, and the WTI (wait time) was set at 30 seconds (Rheocalc software). After 30 seconds, a summary sheet was displayed.
  • a viscometer Brookfield LV DVIII Cone & Plate viscometer with a CP40 waterbath set at 25° C.
  • SC6 strain (spoIlE, amyE, aprE Pxyl:comK) was transformed with chromosomal DNA from a subtilisin-producing strain. Transformants were selected on L agar plates containing chloramphenicol (5 micrograms/ml) and 1.6% skim milk. The presence of subtilisin was confirmed by halo production on plates containing skim milk.
  • MDT04-250 was transformed with chromosomal DNA from a strain with an insertional inactivation of the bglC gene, and transformants were selected on L agar plates containing spectinomycin (100 micrograms/ml).
  • the new strain, MDT05-28 was confirmed to be resistant to chloramphenicol (5 micrograms/ml) and spectinomycin (100 micrograms/ml).
  • the two strains were amplified for protease by growing them sequentially on L agar plates containing chloramphenicol (10 micrograms/ml) and then chloramphenicol (25 micrograms/ml). These amplified strains were grown in shake flasks containing 25 ml of LB (Difco), glucose (0.1%) and chloramphenicol (25 micrograms/ml) in a 250 mL baffled flask. Shake flasks were incubated at 37° C.
  • Supernatants from liquid cultures were harvested after different times during growth (e.g., 16, 48 and 68 h) and assayed for subtilisin as previously described (See, Estell et al., J. Biol. Chem., 260:6518-6521 [1985]) in a solution containing 0.3 mM N-succinyl-L-Ala-L-Ala-L-Pro-L-Phe-p-nitroanalide (Vega Biochemicals), 0.1 M Tris, pH 8.6 at 25° C. The assays measured the increase in absorbance at 410 nm/min due to hydrolysis and release of p-nitroanaline. These strains produced equivalent amounts of subtilisin at equivalent rates.

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