US7944107B2 - Synchronous permanent magnet machine - Google Patents

Synchronous permanent magnet machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US7944107B2
US7944107B2 US12/493,711 US49371109A US7944107B2 US 7944107 B2 US7944107 B2 US 7944107B2 US 49371109 A US49371109 A US 49371109A US 7944107 B2 US7944107 B2 US 7944107B2
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stator
bell
rotors
windings
stator windings
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US20090309443A1 (en
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Michael Thoms
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/02—Machines with one stator and two or more rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H02K1/2787—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
    • H02K1/2789—Outer rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
    • H02K1/2791—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a synchronous permanent magnet machine.
  • Electric motors in which the primary speed of rotation of the motor shaft is reduced or increased by a downstream gear mechanism are described in German patent specification DE 199 03 977. Since mechanical parts are in engagement in those downstream gear mechanisms, the parts are subject to wear which can cause problems.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of generating at least two rotation speeds in an electric machine without a gear mechanism and with compact design.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 6,639,337 (cf. DE 600 24 383 T2) discloses, in the case of a synchronous machine which is provided with two rotors that are fitted with permanent magnets, supplying power to the coils of the two stator winding groups independently of one another.
  • the motors with two speeds according to the invention have a wide range of use in the art. For example, they can advantageously be used to generate negative pressure and separate air/liquid/solid mixtures. In this case, it is known that high rotation speeds of approximately 10,000 to 15,000 rpm have to be generated with the aid of a radial blower in order to generate a negative pressure of, say, 160 mbar. However, if it is desirable to separate the solid fraction from the liquid fraction and, in turn, the liquid fraction from the air fraction using a centrifugal separator at the same time, rotation speeds of the order of magnitude of 4000 rpm are required, so that, for example, foaming of the mixture in the separator is prevented, this foam otherwise being aspirated by a downstream suction machine. To date, such machines have been designed with two separate motors. On account of the motor with two rotation speeds according to the invention, these machines can be designed at low cost and in a compact fashion.
  • a synchronous permanent magnet machine comprising:
  • each of said rotors defining a separate rotation speed, and each of said rotors carrying permanent magnets with different numbers of poles;
  • At least one permanent magnet segment and at most p/2 permanent magnet segments of the same polarity are replaced by segments comprising a dia- or ferromagnetic material of high permeability, where p is the pole number of the rotor.
  • the machine is configured with a rotor of external rotor design
  • the 2n-pole bell which is associated with the low rotation speed has a single magnet which is connected at one end to the soft-magnetic bell which ends in n regularly offset yokes, and at the other end rests against the lug of a soft-magnetic ring which has n ⁇ 1 further lugs at 360/n° which are supported against the inside of the bell on non-magnetic lining elements.
  • the shafts that are connected to the bells are designed as hollow shafts with at least one row of holes, and means are provided for ventilating the stator windings.
  • stator yokes are formed with recessed regions, i.e., regions into which the stator yokes spring back, and the regions are lined with non-magnetic material.
  • stator yokes and the rotor magnets are helical.
  • the stator is connected up such that it has the same absolute magnetization on its opposite side.
  • stator windings are short-circuited or connected by a low-value resistor.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an exemplary embodiment of a winding core according to the invention which is driven in three phases and has a two-pole and a six-pole permanent magnet rotor;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view thereof illustrated from a different viewing angle
  • FIG. 3 is a partial side perspective view thereof
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are perspective views showing a rotor design which makes do with just one single magnet in relation to the bell which is associated with the low rotation speed;
  • FIG. 6 is a sectional illustration of the general construction of the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are partly schematic views of the stator windings in an LRK motor
  • FIG. 9A is a partly schematic illustration showing details of the driving process of the stator coils.
  • FIG. 9A 1 is a partly schematic illustration showing details of a brushless controller for supplying current to the stator coils
  • FIG. 9A 2 is a partly schematic illustration showing details of stator coils being short circuited to one another;
  • FIG. 9A 3 is a partly schematic illustration showing details of stator coils being connected by way of a low-value resistor.
  • FIG. 9B is a graph representing details of the driving process of the stator coils.
  • Synchronous motors with a stator and a permanent magnet rotor have a rotation speed f M (speed, for short) which is given by the drive frequency of the windings f w multiplied by 2/p, where p is the magnetic pole number of the rotor. Theoretically, it follows that different speeds can be generated with each chosen pole number p of the rotor.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown, in the first instance, the stator of a winding core which is driven in three phases and is made up of individual stator laminates in order to prevent eddy currents in the customary manner. Only some of the stator laminates are illustrated at the rear end for reasons of clarity.
  • the winding core comprises the yokes 1 , 2 , 3 and the yokes 1 a′ , 2 a′ , 3 a′ .
  • the yoke 1 a′ is formed in the center of the yoke 1 and is produced by cutouts ( 1 b′ ) at the ends of the yoke 1 .
  • a three-phase winding comprising the winding sections designated 4 , 5 and 6 , surrounds the stator which extends over the entire rotor.
  • the partial section according to FIG. 2 shows the stator winding core in a partially installed state since it is surrounded by two rotating bells 7 and 8 .
  • At least one permanent magnet 10 a for example a north pole which acts in the inward direction, is stuck in place on the inner edge of the soft-magnetic bell 7 , while the associated south pole is produced by a magnetic influence on the inside of the soft-magnetic bell 7 .
  • three north poles 9 a which act in the direction of the inside of soft-magnetic bell 8 are in turn stuck in place and the associated south poles 9 b , which are each displaced through 60° in relation to the magnet positions, are produced by a magnetic influence.
  • FIG. 3 shows the stator and rotor in the assembled state, this also showing the shaft 16 which is associated with the lower speed and is firmly connected to the soft-magnetic bell 8 . It is worth noting that the arrangement in question here has only 4 permanent magnets in total and, in the process, outputs two speeds.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective cross section through a soft-magnetic bell 8 which is associated with the low speed and makes do with just one single permanent magnet 9 c .
  • This permanent magnet 9 c rests, for example by way of its south pole, on the inner circumference of the soft-magnetic bell 8 which, for its part, ends in three circular segments 11 which are offset through 120° in each case and south poles are likewise created there by a magnetic influence.
  • the north pole of this permanent magnet 9 c rests against a lug of a soft-magnetic ring 12 which has two lugs which are offset through 120° or 240° and are supported against the inside of the soft-magnetic bell 8 on non-magnetic lining elements 13 .
  • FIG. 5 shows an illustration of the stator with the yokes 1 , 2 and 3 with a soft-magnetic bell 8 pushed over it.
  • the segments 11 , the soft-magnetic ring 12 with its lugs and the non-magnetic lining elements 13 can be seen.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a longitudinal section through the basic design.
  • the flange 17 is fixed to the stator-side laminated core so that the entire motor is attached to it.
  • the shafts 15 and 16 which are in the form of hollow shafts are rotatably mounted by means of the ball bearings 14 pressed into the laminated core.
  • the rotor-side bells 7 and 8 are firmly connected to said shafts. In order to reduce tilting, it may be advantageous to support the bells 7 and 8 by two further bearings 18 which are seated on the outside of the laminated core.
  • the hollow shafts 15 and 16 have at least one row of holes which have associated corresponding openings on the inside of the slot base of the stator and, in conjunction with further openings which are provided on the flat surfaces in the region between the magnet segments of the bells, serve to ventilate the stator windings 4 , 5 and 6 . It is expedient, for the purpose of increasing the pumping power, to form the stator yokes 1 , 2 and 3 and 1 a′ , 2 a′ and 3 a′ and the rotor magnets in a helical manner in such a way that the angle at which a magnet is stuck in the bell increases as the height of the bell increases.
  • FIG. 6 shows how this arrangement may be made suitable for three or four shafts too: only one additional ball bearing system is required on the shafts 15 and 16 for this purpose, said shafts accommodating on their other side the new bells on which the stator windings then act. Instead of additional ball bearings, the new bells could also be simply pushed onto the shafts 15 and 16 .
  • LRK motors have a high torque, a low running noise and a high degree of efficiency. In addition, these motors are virtually free of wear.
  • These motors are driven by a brushless controller which converts the DC voltage of a drive battery into a three-phase AC voltage.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 illustrate two cross sections through an LRK motor.
  • FIG. 7 which has a bell with in each case a north pole and a south pole, corresponds to the shaft end associated with the higher speed
  • FIG. 8 with in each case 5 north and south poles, corresponds to the shaft end with the lower speed.
  • stator teeth 1 and 1 * the winding direction is indicated between the winding ends labeled a 1 and e 1 : a tip of an arrow marked with a dot indicates a flow of current emerging from the drawing area and an end of an arrow provided with a cross indicates a flow of current entering the drawing area.
  • the armatures of the motors are designed to be completely identical, that is to say the sections 1 b′ , 2 b′ and 3 b′ in the region of the slowly rotating bell are dispensed with.
  • the windings of the individual armature segments are designed such that the magnetizations in the teeth 1 and 1 * generated by them are opposite, as viewed radially. The same applies to the teeth 2 and 2 * and the teeth 3 and 3 *. If the winding associated with the tooth 1 is subjected to throughflow to the maximum extent, a magnetic north pole with a flux density of B 0 is produced at the tooth 1 and, in contrast, a magnetic south pole with a flux density of ⁇ B 0 is produced at the tooth 1 *.
  • the tooth 2 becomes the north pole with a flux density of B 0 , so that the two-pole bell 7 in FIG. 7 rotates through 60° on account of the attraction forces of the permanent magnet 10 .
  • the bell 7 has likewise executed a complete rotation through 360°.
  • the speed of the two-pole bell 7 therefore corresponds to the speed of the alternating current.
  • the 10-pole bell according to FIG. 8 executes a rotary movement at a speed which is lower by a factor of 5.
  • bells with a larger number of poles can also be used. Therefore, together with the embodiment shown in FIG. 8 which optionally has an n-pole bell, the speed is increased or decreased with any desired graduation.
  • FIGS. 9A and 9B show details of the driving process of the individual windings, where a 1 (a 2 , a 3 ) identifies the start and e 1 (e 2 , e 3 ) identifies the end of the first (second and third) winding.
  • the phase relationships could be achieved either by the connection to a customary three-phase supply system or else, as in the case of the abovementioned LRK motor, with a brushless controller which converts the DC voltage of a drive battery into a three-phase AC voltage.
  • a mobile twin-motor drive which is independent of a three-phase supply system can be realized as a result. If the windings are short-circuited, or connected by means of a low-value resistor, this produces an electric gear mechanism in which a shaft is driven and then the correspondingly increased or reduced speed is collected at the other shaft end.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
US12/493,711 2006-12-29 2009-06-29 Synchronous permanent magnet machine Active US7944107B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEDE102006062613.3 2006-12-29
DE102006062613 2006-12-29
DE102006062613A DE102006062613A1 (de) 2006-12-29 2006-12-29 Permanentmagnetmaschine
PCT/EP2007/011308 WO2008080575A1 (fr) 2006-12-29 2007-12-21 Machine synchrone à aimants permanents

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2007/011308 Continuation WO2008080575A1 (fr) 2006-12-29 2007-12-21 Machine synchrone à aimants permanents

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20090309443A1 US20090309443A1 (en) 2009-12-17
US7944107B2 true US7944107B2 (en) 2011-05-17

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US12/493,711 Active US7944107B2 (en) 2006-12-29 2009-06-29 Synchronous permanent magnet machine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7944107B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2095488B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2010515410A (fr)
AT (1) ATE463069T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE102006062613A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008080575A1 (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10230292B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2019-03-12 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd Permanent magnet operating machine
US10505412B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2019-12-10 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Flux machine
USRE48211E1 (en) 2007-07-09 2020-09-15 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Electromagnetic machine with independent removable coils, modular parts and self-sustained passive magnetic bearing
US11189434B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-11-30 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Systems and methods for enhancing electrical energy storage
US11322995B2 (en) 2017-10-29 2022-05-03 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Modular electromagnetic machines and methods of use and manufacture thereof
US11894739B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2024-02-06 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Flux machine

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2009089567A (ja) * 2007-10-03 2009-04-23 Beans You Inc モータ装置
ITBO20090075A1 (it) * 2009-02-13 2010-08-14 Magneti Marelli Spa Macchina elettrica con singolo statore e due rotori tra loro indipendenti e veicolo stradale provvisto di tale macchina elettrica
FR3004296B1 (fr) * 2013-04-05 2017-09-15 Sagem Defense Securite Moteur electrique a faible couple de court-circuit, dispositif de motorisation a plusieurs moteurs et procede de fabrication d`un tel moteur
NL2025864B1 (en) * 2020-06-19 2022-02-17 Univ Twente Motor

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US5124606A (en) * 1987-12-01 1992-06-23 Pfaff Industriemaschinen Dual rotor with continuous/positioning reverse controls
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US6373160B1 (en) 1998-01-30 2002-04-16 Schroedl Manfred Electric machine
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EP1024585A2 (fr) 1999-01-26 2000-08-02 JENOPTIK Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif d'entraínement d'éléments fonctionnels autour de plusieurs axes indépendants et procédé de réalisation d'un tel dispositif
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US20040119373A1 (en) 2002-04-01 2004-06-24 Kan Akatsu Electrical rotating machine having two rotors driven by means of compound current
US20060066173A1 (en) 2002-06-26 2006-03-30 Kim Pyung K Brushless direct-current motor of radial core type having a structure of double rotors and method for making the same

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE48211E1 (en) 2007-07-09 2020-09-15 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Electromagnetic machine with independent removable coils, modular parts and self-sustained passive magnetic bearing
USRE49413E1 (en) 2007-07-09 2023-02-07 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Electromagnetic machine with independent removable coils, modular parts and self-sustained passive magnetic bearing
US10230292B2 (en) 2008-09-26 2019-03-12 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd Permanent magnet operating machine
US10505412B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2019-12-10 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Flux machine
US11190065B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2021-11-30 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Flux machine
US11539252B2 (en) 2013-01-24 2022-12-27 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Flux machine
US11894739B2 (en) 2014-07-23 2024-02-06 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Flux machine
US11189434B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2021-11-30 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Systems and methods for enhancing electrical energy storage
US11948742B2 (en) 2017-09-08 2024-04-02 Clearwater Holdings Ltd. Systems and methods for enhancing electrical energy storage
US11322995B2 (en) 2017-10-29 2022-05-03 Clearwater Holdings, Ltd. Modular electromagnetic machines and methods of use and manufacture thereof

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2010515410A (ja) 2010-05-06
WO2008080575A1 (fr) 2008-07-10
US20090309443A1 (en) 2009-12-17
DE502007003361D1 (de) 2010-05-12
EP2095488A1 (fr) 2009-09-02
DE102006062613A1 (de) 2008-07-03
EP2095488B1 (fr) 2010-03-31
ATE463069T1 (de) 2010-04-15

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