US7887959B2 - Fuel cell module with flexible interconnects - Google Patents

Fuel cell module with flexible interconnects Download PDF

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Publication number
US7887959B2
US7887959B2 US11/666,273 US66627305A US7887959B2 US 7887959 B2 US7887959 B2 US 7887959B2 US 66627305 A US66627305 A US 66627305A US 7887959 B2 US7887959 B2 US 7887959B2
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United States
Prior art keywords
stack
module according
interconnects
module
base
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US11/666,273
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English (en)
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US20090130528A1 (en
Inventor
Damien Gallet
Jean-Luc Sarro
Franck Blein
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0215—Glass; Ceramic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/0247—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form
    • H01M8/0252—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors characterised by the form tubular
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/241—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells with solid or matrix-supported electrolytes
    • H01M8/2425—High-temperature cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/243—Grouping of unit cells of tubular or cylindrical configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2484—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by external manifolds
    • H01M8/2485—Arrangements for sealing external manifolds; Arrangements for mounting external manifolds around a stack
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
    • H01M8/2483—Details of groupings of fuel cells characterised by internal manifolds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to fuel cells and in particular those operating at high temperature and of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell type (SOFC), but may also apply to other fuel cell families and to electrolysers.
  • SOFC Solid Oxide Fuel Cell type
  • Fuel cells of SOFC type operate with oxygen and hydrogen as fuel, or another combustible gas e.g. of methane type, and at a temperature of between 500 and 1000° C. These cells consist of a stack of several elementary cells joined by connecting elements such as interconnects or bipolar plates. The elementary cells are formed of a stack of a cathode, an electrolyte and an anode. The high temperature is necessary to obtain sufficient O 2 ⁇ ion conductivity of the electrolyte.
  • the tubular architecture is widely known. It is in the form of a tube, which may or may not be closed at one end (see FIG. 1B ).
  • FIG. 1C several cells 6 are placed inside a chamber 7 and are connected in series and/or in parallel.
  • Oxygen is injected by means of an inner tube at the bottom of each cell and moves along a cathode 3 , passing through a support tube 5 on which it is positioned.
  • the second fuel is injected outside the cell in the main chamber 7 and is therefore in contact with an anode 1 located on the outer surface of an electrolyte 2 , itself of tubular shape since it is positioned on the cathode.
  • the cathode is joined to a connector 4 also placed on the outer surface of the electrolyte 2 .
  • the residual gases evacuate and are optionally mixed in a combustion chamber to allow pre-heating of the first incoming gas.
  • the cells enable the desired voltage to be obtained between current collector plates.
  • the connection of the cells in FIG. 1C is in parallel, and allows the desired power to be obtained.
  • the planar architecture is widely used.
  • the stack hence planar, consists of two bipolar plates sandwiching a stack consisting successively of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode.
  • the bipolar plates acts as connectors and also have circulation channels oriented perpendicularly for example to organize cross flow of the two fuels.
  • the supply and exhausting of gases is made by means of manifolds arranged on the four side faces of the stack.
  • the module shown in this FIG. 1 is the stacking of several elementary cells of fuel cells. Each elementary cell is sandwiched between two concentric interconnects 4 and successively consists of an anode 1 , an electrolyte 2 and a cathode 3 . With the exception of the end interconnects 4 , the others are common to two adjacent elementary cells. Said stacking is completed by two distributor manifolds for combustible gases positioned at the two ends (not shown in this figure).
  • interconnects 4 are a ceramic of lanthanum chromite type, which is very costly.
  • interconnects of this type are often deposited by plasma spraying, during a single spray series of the different successive layers forming each elementary cell.
  • it is envisaged to fabricate independently the different constituent elements of this type of fuel cell, whilst maintaining this coaxial architecture. More precisely, it is essential to allow the assembly of the different coaxial elementary cells, namely a stack formed of an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, to be fabricated independently of each other. Also it is essential to be able to ensure the electric connection of these cells in series, and to allow the flow and separation of the combustible gases. Finally, it is always sought to limit mechanical stresses on the different elementary cells, containing greater or lesser quantities of ceramic, and which are in both hot and cold contact.
  • the purpose of the invention is therefore to overcome these disadvantages by proposing a different design for the interconnects of this type of fuel cell module.
  • the first main subject-matter of the invention is a fuel cell module formed of elementary cells having tubular geometry, each cell consisting of a concentric-based stack comprising an anode, an electrolyte and a cathode, and surrounded by two interconnects, the module consisting of a concentric stack of several concentric cells and completed on each side by a device for distributing and exhausting combustible gases, namely a flange and a base.
  • these interconnects are provided with a central partition on which at least one flexible, notched, metal collar is flanged which lies away from the partition and at an angle to it.
  • the section of the module is cylindrical.
  • the supply means to comprise at least two radial channels opening into the side of the base, and onto one face of the stack, via distributing orifices intended to supply the electrodes of the elementary cells.
  • Said module can be completed by the use of strips of ceramic wool on the side of the cathode between the collars and the central partition of the interconnects, and by strips of nickel felt on the side of the anode.
  • FIGS. 1A , 1 B and 1 C a first type of basic structure for fuel cells according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a partial, high viewpoint perspective of a stacking structure type for a module with coaxial geometry
  • FIG. 3 is a high viewpoint perspective of one half of an interconnect used in the module according to the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional, high viewpoint perspective of a module according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows one half of an interconnect used between two elementary cells in the fuel cell module of the invention.
  • Its structure mainly consists of a central partition 13 consisting of a planar metal plate shaped into a semi-cylinder, by rolling or profiling.
  • collars 11 are flanged so as to project outwardly from either side of the sealed partition 13 at an angle, and at all events not perpendicular to it.
  • each collar 11 has notches 12 at its ends, forming strips.
  • the notches 12 enable the collars 11 to have elasticity in the radial direction, of which use is made for assembly of the module.
  • this elasticity enables each interconnect to ensure electric contact with the electrodes with which it is in contact. In this way, clearances can be adjusted at the time of assembly of the module to permit this assembly and to ensure electric contact between the different elements, in particular when hot. Additionally, this type of interconnect makes it possible to limit stresses on the elementary cells of the module during thermal expansion.
  • these may be coated on the cathode side with the same material as the cathode or any other material ensuring this function. Also, to limit electronic losses at the interface of these two elements, a screen can be laid on the cathode or it can be given a conductive metal coating.
  • the module of the invention comprises the following elements: a base 50 on which a stack 20 is positioned which will be detailed below, surmounted by a flange 40 .
  • the flange 40 and base 50 form distributor and exhaust devices comprising gas supply and gas evacuation means.
  • the base 50 has two radial channels 51 respectively receiving the two gases, namely hydrogen and oxygen under air pressure. Distribution orifices 52 opening into these two radial channels 51 also end opposite the module 20 . Therefore the two gases can be distributed towards each elementary cell.
  • a seal for example of glass seal type, is deposited on the upper surface of the base 50 in order to ensure a seal at this level.
  • Metal capillary tubes 53 are fitted into the distribution orifices 52 to prevent them from being clogged with glass during depositing of the glass.
  • the lower surface of the stack 20 is in contact with the seal deposited on the upper surface of the base 50 .
  • the stack 20 of elementary cells of the fuel cell therefore has a concentric structure such as described FIG. 2 .
  • the interconnects such as described FIG. 2 are used between the elementary cells.
  • This module 20 on its periphery, effectively consists of an external interconnect 10 E, and in its centre of an internal interconnect 10 I.
  • Each of these two interconnects 10 E and 10 I is in contact with an elementary cell itself comprising a stack of an anode 21 , an electrolyte 22 and a cathode 23 .
  • the other interconnects 10 are positioned between two adjacent elementary cells.
  • the distributing orifices 52 of the base 50 lead into the free spaces between interconnects 10 E and 10 I and the elementary cells.
  • interconnects 10 , 10 E and 10 I ensure the functions of electric contacts and the separating of the two combustible gases.
  • each cathode 23 and the interconnect 10 , 10 I facing it it is most advantageous, between each cathode 23 and the interconnect 10 , 10 I facing it, to arrange a ceramic felt or wool.
  • a nickel felt between each anode 21 and the interconnect 10 E, 10 facing it, it is possible to arrange a nickel felt in order to create a charge loss. Therefore the combustible gases will be able to distribute themselves uniformly over the circumference of the anode 21 and cathode 23 without it being necessary to multiply the number of combustible gas supply points.
  • a disk of ceramic wool 30 is inserted which, once compressed absorbs the differences in expansion, creates a sufficient charge loss in order to ensure relative sealing in the spaces between the interconnects 10 , 10 E and 10 I and the elementary cells. Finally it prevents return of residual gases inside the stack 20 .
  • the flange 40 is designed in zirconium. It comprises annular chambers 45 machined in its lower surface for the purpose of collecting residual gases independently so as to channel them outwards or towards another fuel cell module.
  • a second option consists of burning these residual gases at the outlet of the module, in order to heat the circuits of incoming combustible gases.
  • a fibrous material e.g. ceramic wool may be arranged in the residual gas outlets of the flange 40 , to evacuate these gases without any flame back-flow inside the module.
  • the other solution consists of allowing these residual gases to escape via outlet orifices 46 which connect the annular channels 45 to the upper surface 44 of the flange 40 .
  • Collecting of electric current is made at the terminals of the module i.e. on the internal 10 I and external 10 E interconnects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)
US11/666,273 2004-11-02 2005-10-26 Fuel cell module with flexible interconnects Expired - Fee Related US7887959B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0452496A FR2877496B1 (fr) 2004-11-02 2004-11-02 Module de pile a combustible a interconnecteurs flexibles.
FR0452496 2004-11-02
PCT/FR2005/050905 WO2006048573A1 (fr) 2004-11-02 2005-10-26 Module de pile a combustible a interconnecteurs flexibles

Publications (2)

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US20090130528A1 US20090130528A1 (en) 2009-05-21
US7887959B2 true US7887959B2 (en) 2011-02-15

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Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US7887959B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP1807895B8 (ja)
JP (1) JP4970275B2 (ja)
CN (1) CN100557871C (ja)
AT (1) ATE428191T1 (ja)
DE (1) DE602005013810D1 (ja)
DK (1) DK1807895T3 (ja)
ES (1) ES2325451T3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2877496B1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2006048573A1 (ja)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10109867B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2018-10-23 Upstart Power, Inc. Solid oxide fuel cell with flexible fuel rod support structure
US10573911B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-02-25 Upstart Power, Inc. SOFC system formed with multiple thermally conductive pathways
US10790523B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-09-29 Upstart Power, Inc. CPOX reactor control system and method
US11108072B2 (en) 2016-08-11 2021-08-31 Upstart Power, Inc. Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack
US11784331B2 (en) 2014-10-07 2023-10-10 Upstart Power, Inc. SOFC-conduction

Families Citing this family (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101346848B (zh) 2005-11-08 2014-08-06 A·德沃 包括具有热部分和冷部分的细长基体的固体氧化物燃料电池装置
US8153318B2 (en) 2006-11-08 2012-04-10 Alan Devoe Method of making a fuel cell device
US8029937B2 (en) 2006-05-11 2011-10-04 Alan Devoe Solid oxide fuel cell device and system
US8278013B2 (en) 2007-05-10 2012-10-02 Alan Devoe Fuel cell device and system
FR2920594B1 (fr) * 2007-09-03 2009-12-11 Commissariat Energie Atomique Module coaxial de pile a combustible ou electrolyseur a interconnecteurs a billes
US8227128B2 (en) 2007-11-08 2012-07-24 Alan Devoe Fuel cell device and system
US8343684B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2013-01-01 Alan Devoe Fuel cell device and system
JP5379237B2 (ja) 2008-10-28 2013-12-25 アラン・デヴォー 燃料電池デバイス及びシステム
ES2363294B1 (es) * 2009-10-09 2012-06-04 Ikerlan,S. Coop Pila de combustible de oxido solido
EP2528151A1 (en) * 2011-05-23 2012-11-28 The European Union, represented by the European Commission Micro-tubular solid oxide fuel cell arrangement
EP2786442B1 (en) 2011-11-30 2016-10-19 Alan Devoe Fuel cell device
JP6219856B2 (ja) 2012-02-24 2017-10-25 アラン・デヴォー 燃料電池デバイスを作製する方法
US9023555B2 (en) 2012-02-24 2015-05-05 Alan Devoe Method of making a fuel cell device

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JPS63129845A (ja) 1986-11-19 1988-06-02 Toshiba Heating Appliances Co ブラシレスモ−タ
JPS63225164A (ja) 1987-03-16 1988-09-20 Horiba Ltd イオン測定用シート型複合電極
JPH01267964A (ja) 1988-04-20 1989-10-25 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 固体電解質型燃料電池
JPH01298647A (ja) 1988-05-27 1989-12-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 円筒型固体電解質燃料電池
JPH02192665A (ja) 1989-01-20 1990-07-30 Fujikura Ltd 固体電解質型燃料電池モジュール
JPH04303680A (ja) 1991-03-30 1992-10-27 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 可逆性蛍光発消色感熱記録媒体
JPH06206052A (ja) 1992-12-14 1994-07-26 Tennant Co スイーパ
WO2004093235A1 (en) 2003-04-10 2004-10-28 University Of Connecticut Solid state electrochemical devices
US20050037252A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2005-02-17 Pham Ai Quoc Tubular solid oxide fuel cells

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JPH0275167A (ja) * 1988-09-08 1990-03-14 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 固体電解質型燃料電池
JP2988160B2 (ja) * 1992-11-13 1999-12-06 日本鋼管株式会社 円筒型固体酸化物燃料電池
JPH0850914A (ja) * 1994-08-08 1996-02-20 Fujikura Ltd 円筒積層型燃料電池

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS63129845A (ja) 1986-11-19 1988-06-02 Toshiba Heating Appliances Co ブラシレスモ−タ
JPS63225164A (ja) 1987-03-16 1988-09-20 Horiba Ltd イオン測定用シート型複合電極
JPH01267964A (ja) 1988-04-20 1989-10-25 Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd 固体電解質型燃料電池
JPH01298647A (ja) 1988-05-27 1989-12-01 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 円筒型固体電解質燃料電池
JPH02192665A (ja) 1989-01-20 1990-07-30 Fujikura Ltd 固体電解質型燃料電池モジュール
JPH04303680A (ja) 1991-03-30 1992-10-27 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 可逆性蛍光発消色感熱記録媒体
JPH06206052A (ja) 1992-12-14 1994-07-26 Tennant Co スイーパ
WO2004093235A1 (en) 2003-04-10 2004-10-28 University Of Connecticut Solid state electrochemical devices
US20050037252A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2005-02-17 Pham Ai Quoc Tubular solid oxide fuel cells

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International Search Report which issued in PCT/FR05/050911, citing the above references.
Search Report PCT/FR2005/050905 Oct. 26-31, 2005 in French.

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10109867B2 (en) 2013-06-26 2018-10-23 Upstart Power, Inc. Solid oxide fuel cell with flexible fuel rod support structure
US11784331B2 (en) 2014-10-07 2023-10-10 Upstart Power, Inc. SOFC-conduction
US10573911B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-02-25 Upstart Power, Inc. SOFC system formed with multiple thermally conductive pathways
US10790523B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2020-09-29 Upstart Power, Inc. CPOX reactor control system and method
US11605825B2 (en) 2015-10-20 2023-03-14 Upstart Power, Inc. CPOX reactor control system and method
US11108072B2 (en) 2016-08-11 2021-08-31 Upstart Power, Inc. Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack
US11664517B2 (en) 2016-08-11 2023-05-30 Upstart Power, Inc. Planar solid oxide fuel unit cell and stack

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1807895B1 (fr) 2009-04-08
CN101048904A (zh) 2007-10-03
DE602005013810D1 (de) 2009-05-20
WO2006048573A1 (fr) 2006-05-11
ES2325451T3 (es) 2009-09-04
JP4970275B2 (ja) 2012-07-04
FR2877496B1 (fr) 2006-12-15
CN100557871C (zh) 2009-11-04
ATE428191T1 (de) 2009-04-15
EP1807895B8 (fr) 2009-07-01
EP1807895A1 (fr) 2007-07-18
DK1807895T3 (da) 2009-07-13
FR2877496A1 (fr) 2006-05-05
US20090130528A1 (en) 2009-05-21
JP2008519391A (ja) 2008-06-05

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