US7504043B2 - Hydrofluorocarbon-based composition and use thereof - Google Patents

Hydrofluorocarbon-based composition and use thereof Download PDF

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US7504043B2
US7504043B2 US10/570,938 US57093804A US7504043B2 US 7504043 B2 US7504043 B2 US 7504043B2 US 57093804 A US57093804 A US 57093804A US 7504043 B2 US7504043 B2 US 7504043B2
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weight
oil
composition
heat transfer
refrigerant
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US20070187638A1 (en
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Gerard Guilpain
Laurent Caron
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Arkema France SA
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Arkema France SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
    • C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
    • C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
    • C09K5/041—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems
    • C09K5/044—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds
    • C09K5/045—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/18—Refrigerant conversion

Definitions

  • a subject matter of the present invention is a composition based on HFCs (HydroFluoroCarbons), its use in refrigeration and/or air conditioning, and a heat transfer system comprising it.
  • Heat transfer systems include in particular refrigerators, heat pumps and conditioned air systems.
  • a refrigerant with a suitable boiling point is evaporated at low pressure, taking heat from a first surrounding medium (or zone).
  • the vapor thus formed is then compressed by means of a compressor and subsequently passes into a condenser, in which it is converted to the liquid state, giving rise to a release of heat into a second surrounding zone.
  • the liquid thus condensed subsequently moves through a pressure-reducing valve, at the outlet of which it is converted to a two-phase mixture of liquid and vapor, which is finally introduced into the evaporator, where the liquid is again evaporated at low pressure, which completes the cycle.
  • the mechanical energy required to ensure the compression of the vapor and the circulation of the fluid is provided by an electric motor or an internal combustion engine. As in any mechanical device, it is necessary for the moving parts to be suitably lubricated.
  • the lubricants used form an integral part of the heat transfer system and condition both its performance and its lifetime by the maintenance over time of suitable lubrication.
  • the refrigerant which is at each pass through the compressor in contact with the lubricant present on its moving parts, tends to carry away a certain amount thereof, which accompanies the refrigerant in its cycle and is thus found in the evaporator.
  • the latter is generally brought to a low temperature, at which the viscosity of the lubricant is particularly high, so that there is a risk of lubricant accumulating in the evaporator and thus the lubricant is no longer able to return to the compressor, this return being described in the present text as “oil return”.
  • R-22 or monochlorodifluoromethane is a refrigerant of HCFC (HydroChloroFluoroCarbon) type widely used in heat transfer applications, including fixed air conditioning, commercial and industrial refrigeration, and heat pumps.
  • HCFC HydrochloroFluoroCarbon
  • R-22 has a very low ozone depletion potential (hereinafter ODP)
  • ODP ozone depletion potential
  • R-407C has in particular been developed for replacing R-22 in air conditioning applications.
  • This product is a mixture combining R-32, R-125 and R-134a in the proportions of 23/25/52% by weight.
  • R-32 is the usual name in the trade for difluoromethane
  • R-125 is pentafluoroethane
  • R-134a denotes 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane.
  • R-407C has thermodynamic properties which are very similar to those of R-22.
  • thermodynamic properties concerned are well known to a person skilled in the art and are in particular the refrigerating capacity, the coefficient of performance (or COP) and the condensation pressure.
  • the refrigerating capacity represents the refrigeration power available by virtue of the refrigerant, for a given compressor.
  • R-22 In order to replace R-22, it is essential to have available a fluid having a high refrigerating capacity close to that of R-22.
  • the COP expresses the ratio of the refrigerating energy delivered to the energy applied to the compressor in order to compress the refrigerant in the vapor state.
  • a COP value of the refrigerant which is less than that of R-22 is suitable, if an increase in the consumption of electricity of the plant is accepted.
  • condensation pressure indicates the stress exerted by the refrigerant on the corresponding mechanical parts of the refrigerating circuit.
  • a refrigerant capable of replacing R-22 in a refrigeration system designed for the latter must not exhibit a condensation pressure significantly greater than that of R-22.
  • novel HFC-based products in particular R-407C, are not, however, compatible with the mineral oils or alkylbenzene oils used for systems operating with R-22 as regards the lubrication of mechanical parts, in particular because of an inadequate oil return. They thus require the use of novel oils of PolyOl Ester (POE) or PolyAlkylene Glycol (PAG) type.
  • POE PolyOl Ester
  • PAG PolyAlkylene Glycol
  • JP 8-100170 discloses a quaternary composition comprising difluoromethane, trifluoroethane, tetrafluoroethane and pentafluoroethane as replacement for R-502.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of a refrigeration circuit suitable for measuring oil return.
  • a subject matter of the present invention is a composition composed essentially of 15 to 35% by weight of R-32, of 10 to 50% by weight of R-125, of 30 to 50% by weight of R-134a and of 5 to 20% by weight of R-143a.
  • a composition composed essentially of 15 to 30% by weight of R-32, of 20 to 40% by weight of R-125, of 35 to 50% by weight of R-134a and of 5 to 15% by weight of R-143a is preferred.
  • R-143a denotes 1,1,1-trifluoroethane.
  • This composition can be substituted for R-22 in its various applications, in particular for air conditioning. It advantageously exhibits a thermodynamic performance which allows it to be substituted without disadvantage for R-22 in a heat transfer plant designed to operate with this refrigerant, making possible in particular a satisfactory oil return despite the presence of a residual amount of old mineral oil or alkylbenzene oil in the new oil of POE type after the rinsing (or cleaning) operation. Thus, the rinsing operation can be simplified.
  • composition according to the invention can thus be used as refrigerant in a heat transfer system suitable for R-22 and comprising a POE or PAG oil as lubricant.
  • the lubricant can comprise residual amounts of mineral oil or alkylbenzene oil resulting from the rinsing operation. Another subject matter of the present invention is this use.
  • composition which is a subject matter of the present invention can be prepared by methods well known to a person skilled in the art, such as by mixing each of its components in the liquid state in the desired proportions.
  • a subject matter of the present invention is a heat transfer system suitable for R-22 and comprising, as refrigerant, the composition as defined above.
  • the lubricant employed in such a system is advantageously an oil of polyol ester type or polyalkylene glycol type.
  • the heat transfer systems are refrigeration systems, air conditioning systems or heat pumps. Air conditioning systems are particularly preferred.
  • a rinsing solution comprising one or more propellant(s) A of nonflammable HFC type, advantageously chosen from R-134a, R-125 and R-227a (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane), and one or more compound(s) B, chosen from propane, butane, isobutane, propylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, ethyl chloride, dimethyl ether or methoxymethane and carbon dioxide, is used to remove the old lubricating oil.
  • propellant(s) A of nonflammable HFC type advantageously chosen from R-134a, R-125 and R-227a (1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoropropane
  • compound(s) B chosen from propane, butane, isobutane, propylene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, ethyl chloride, dimethyl ether or methoxymethane and carbon dioxide
  • the rinsing solution preferably comprises from 80 to 99% by weight of propellant(s) A and from 1 to 20% by weight of compound(s) B.
  • it comprises from 90 to 99% by weight of A and from 1 to 10% by weight of B.
  • the rinsing solution which is advantageously preferred comprises from 12 to 94% by weight of propellant(s) A, from 0.15% to 19% by weight of compound(s) B and from 5 to 85% by weight of POE or PAG oil.
  • the rinsing solution which is even more preferred comprises from 54 to 79% by weight of propellant(s) A, from 0.6 to 8% by weight of compound(s) B and from 20 to 40% by weight of POE or PAG oil.
  • compositions according to the present invention were prepared and subjected to the following tests.
  • a charge of 10 g of a mixture of mineral oil (M) or alkylbenzene oil (AB) with a polyol ester (POE) oil is introduced into a refrigerated coil ( 1 ) placed in a cryostat ( 2 ) at 0° C.
  • This coil is connected upstream, via a pipe fitted with a shut-off valve ( 3 ) and a pressure sensor ( 4 ) , to a cylinder ( 5 ) containing the composition according to the invention to be tested, equipped with a dip pipe and placed in a bath at 30° C.
  • the coil is extended downstream via a pipe fitted with a regulating valve ( 6 ) and with a shut-off valve ( 7 ) which arrives in the bottom part of a collecting cylinder ( 8 ) placed in a heat bath at 60° C.
  • a pipe exiting from the top part of the collecting cylinder is fitted with a gas meter ( 9 ).
  • the circuit described in FIG. 1 is representative of a refrigerating circuit in the vicinity of the evaporator and the oil return test consists in measuring the fraction of the oil charge placed in the coil which is carried away by the refrigerant.
  • a stream of the composition according to the invention to be tested is circulated for 15 minutes, by initial opening of the shut-off valve ( 7 ) and then of the shut-off valve ( 3 ), through the circuit described above and in particular through the coil containing the oil charge at a flow rate of approximately 1 m 3 /h, measured at ambient temperature and under 1 atmosphere.
  • the amount of oil recovered in the cylinder ( 8 ) is weighed.
  • the degree of recovery or “oil return” (expressed as a percentage) is equal to the weight of the oil thus recovered divided by the weight of the oil charge placed initially in the coil.
  • the maximum allowable level of mineral oil or alkylbenzene oil in a POE oil is defined as being that beyond which the oil return of the mixture is less than that of R-22 under the same conditions of the test.
  • composition according to the invention was evaluated on a refrigerating loop, the operating conditions of which are: an evaporation temperature of 0° C., a compressor intake temperature of 15° C., a condensation temperature of 40° C. and supercooling of the liquid at the condenser outlet of 5 K.
  • R-32, R-125, R-134a and R-143a of the various compositions prepared and their thermodynamic performances are collated in table 1.
  • R-22 and R-407C are also shown.
  • the oil return of R-407C, of the various compositions prepared and of R-22 for various mixtures of POE oil with an alkylbenzene oil (table 2) or a mineral oil (table 3) have been listed. It is possible, by extrapolation to an oil return equivalent to that in the presence of R-22, to obtain the maximum allowable level of alkylbenzene oil or mineral oil in the POE for the oil return not to be less than that in the presence of R-22 (table 4).
  • compositions illustrated have a refrigerating capacity which is greater than that of R-407C and withstand higher maximum allowable levels of mineral oil or alkylbenzene oil than R-407C.
  • composition according to the invention comprises 15% by weight of R-32, 25% by weight of R-125, 50% by weight of R-134a and 10% by weight of R-143a.
  • the refrigerating capacity of such a composition is 3240 kJ/m 3 , the COP is 5.6 and the condensation pressure is 15.5 bar.
  • the maximum allowable level of mineral oil is 10.7% and that of the alkylbenzene is 14%.
  • the procedure is the same as above but with a composition comprising 20% by weight of R-32, 45% by weight of R-125, 15% by weight of R-134a and 20% by weight of R-143a.
  • the refrigerating capacity of such a composition is 3950 kJ/m 3 , the COP is 5.3 and the condensation pressure is 19.7 bar.
  • the maximum allowable level of mineral oil is 7.3% and that of the alkylbenzene is 14%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US10/570,938 2003-09-19 2004-09-02 Hydrofluorocarbon-based composition and use thereof Active 2025-03-28 US7504043B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0311025 2003-09-19
FR0311025A FR2860001B1 (fr) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 Composition a base d'hfc (hydrofluorocarbures) et son utilisation
PCT/FR2004/002231 WO2005028586A2 (fr) 2003-09-19 2004-09-02 Composition a base d'hfc (hydrofluorocarbures) et son utilisation

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US20070187638A1 US20070187638A1 (en) 2007-08-16
US7504043B2 true US7504043B2 (en) 2009-03-17

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US (1) US7504043B2 (es)
EP (2) EP1664234B1 (es)
JP (1) JP4855256B2 (es)
CN (1) CN1852963B (es)
AT (1) ATE451437T1 (es)
DE (1) DE602004024548D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2336795T3 (es)
FR (1) FR2860001B1 (es)
WO (1) WO2005028586A2 (es)

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US10035939B2 (en) * 2016-09-27 2018-07-31 Icool Ningbo Co.,Ltd Refrigerant composition and its preparation method

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US8703690B2 (en) 2008-03-07 2014-04-22 Arkema Inc. Use of R-1233 in liquid chillers
BRPI0906343A2 (pt) * 2008-04-15 2017-05-23 Du Pont composições de pentafluoretano, tetraflueoretano e n-butano.
CN103865491A (zh) * 2009-05-08 2014-06-18 霍尼韦尔国际公司 用于热泵热水器的氢氟烃制冷剂组合物
WO2011066833A1 (en) 2009-12-01 2011-06-09 Agramkow Fluid Systems A/S A method and equipment for servicing cooling systems in vehicles
FR2986309B1 (fr) * 2012-01-26 2018-05-25 Arkema France Systeme de refrigeration en cascade
TW201412966A (zh) * 2012-08-30 2014-04-01 Du Pont 為二氟氯甲烷設計之設備的再充填方法
FR3013811B1 (fr) 2013-11-22 2019-06-07 Dynaes Pompe a chaleur.
CN107513373A (zh) * 2017-02-22 2017-12-26 唐建 一种应用于空调/热泵系统中的环保制冷剂
WO2019112060A1 (ja) * 2017-12-07 2019-06-13 ダイキン工業株式会社 Ｒ３２、Ｒ１２５、Ｒ１４３ａ及びＲ１３４ａを含む冷媒を含有する組成物、並びに、その組成物を用いた冷凍方法、冷凍機の運転方法及び冷凍機
JP6729626B2 (ja) 2018-04-18 2020-07-22 ダイキン工業株式会社 Ｒ３２、Ｒ１２５、Ｒ１４３ａ、Ｒ１２３４ｙｆ及びＲ１３４ａを含む冷媒を含有する組成物、並びに、その組成物を用いた冷凍方法、冷凍機の運転方法及び冷凍機
CN110903811B (zh) * 2019-11-14 2021-07-13 浙江巨化新材料研究院有限公司 一种直接取代r-22的制冷混合工质

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Cited By (1)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10035939B2 (en) * 2016-09-27 2018-07-31 Icool Ningbo Co.,Ltd Refrigerant composition and its preparation method

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WO2005028586A3 (fr) 2005-06-30
CN1852963B (zh) 2010-12-15
US20070187638A1 (en) 2007-08-16
ATE451437T1 (de) 2009-12-15
DE602004024548D1 (de) 2010-01-21
CN1852963A (zh) 2006-10-25
JP2007505963A (ja) 2007-03-15
FR2860001B1 (fr) 2008-02-15
EP1664234A2 (fr) 2006-06-07
JP4855256B2 (ja) 2012-01-18
WO2005028586A2 (fr) 2005-03-31
EP1664234B1 (fr) 2009-12-09
EP2031033A2 (fr) 2009-03-04
ES2336795T3 (es) 2010-04-16
EP2031033A3 (fr) 2012-05-16
FR2860001A1 (fr) 2005-03-25

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