US7282862B2 - High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content - Google Patents

High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content Download PDF

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Publication number
US7282862B2
US7282862B2 US10/535,803 US53580305A US7282862B2 US 7282862 B2 US7282862 B2 US 7282862B2 US 53580305 A US53580305 A US 53580305A US 7282862 B2 US7282862 B2 US 7282862B2
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Prior art keywords
chlorine
discharge lamp
pressure discharge
μmole
filling
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Expired - Fee Related, expires
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US10/535,803
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US20060091812A1 (en
Inventor
Achim Gerhard Rolf Koerber
Rainer Hilbig
Robert Peter Scholl
Johannes Baier
Ghaleb Natour
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Koninklijke Philips NV
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Koninklijke Philips Electronics NV
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Assigned to KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS, N.V. reassignment KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS ELECTRONICS, N.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: HILBIG, RAINER, SCHOLL, ROBERT PETER, BAIER, JOHANNES, KOERBER, ACHIM GERHARD ROLF, NATOUR, GHALEB
Publication of US20060091812A1 publication Critical patent/US20060091812A1/en
Priority to US11/856,784 priority Critical patent/US20080007179A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/18—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent
    • H01J61/20—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having a metallic vapour as the principal constituent mercury vapour
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/12—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature
    • H01J61/125—Selection of substances for gas fillings; Specified operating pressure or temperature having an halogenide as principal component
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H01J61/822—High-pressure mercury lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a high-pressure discharge lamp with a discharge vessel having a filling comprising a rare gas, for example argon, mercury, and chlorine.
  • a rare gas for example argon, mercury, and chlorine.
  • Mercury high-pressure lamps are used in a large number of lighting applications such as, for example, street lighting on account of their high luminous efficacy.
  • the mercury atom is a line radiator with a bad color rendering, it is possible to increase the continuum component of the emitted radiation significantly through an increase in the mercury pressure in lamps of very high pressure or the addition of molecular radiators such as, for example, metal halides.
  • Such lamps then have good color rendering properties in combination with a high luminous efficacy and are also suitable, for example, for applications such as the illumination of shop displays or studio lighting installations.
  • GB 12 53 948 B discloses, for example, a mercury high-pressure lamp with electrodes, whose filling of mercury and a rare gas for starting is supplemented with aluminum trichloride AlCl 3 for improving the color rendering.
  • This lamp has a high continuum component in its emitted radiation and has a good color rendering.
  • the chemical aggressiveness of the AlCl 3 renders it impossible to use pure quartz glass SiO 2 for the lamp bulbs, and the tungsten electrodes are also attacked.
  • GB 12 53 948 B accordingly proposes to manufacture the lamp bulb from densely sintered polycrystalline aluminum oxide Al 2 O 3 , also known as DGA or PCA, or to coat a quartz glass bulb at least with an inner protective layer of PCA. It proposes in addition to limit the tungsten transport, and thus the attack on the tungsten electrodes, through the addition of excess metal, in particular aluminum in excess quantity, while preferably in addition some metal iodide, in particular AlI 3 , may be added.
  • GB 12 53 948 B presents a few possible chemical equilibrium reactions, clarifies the significance of oxygen pollution inside the lamp, and supplies some relevant material data. Furthermore, a few embodiments of relevant lamps are disclosed. As far as these aspects are concerned, the contents of the cited publication are deemed to be included in the present application by reference.
  • GB 12 53 948 B does provide a lamp of high luminous efficacy and good color rendering, but the problems of attacks on the bulb wall and the electrodes remain, necessitating the use of a chlorine-resistant inner wall and limiting lamp life owing to the tungsten transports that still take place.
  • the invention is based on the one hand on the recognition that the condition [Hg].[Cl] ⁇ 200 ( ⁇ mole/cm 3 ) 2 leads to sufficient HgCl vapor pressures in the discharge for generating significant radiation components of the B 2 ⁇ + -X 2 ⁇ + band system of this molecule. A high continuum component of the generated radiation, and accordingly the desired good color rendering, is achieved thereby in combination with a high luminous efficacy.
  • the condition [Cl] ⁇ 10 ⁇ mole/cm 3 serves to limit the chemical aggressiveness of the chlorine filling, in particular for limiting the attacks on the wall and electrodes, and thus to achieve long lamp lives.
  • high-pressure lamps with fillings comprising inter alia mercury and chlorine are indeed known from the prior art, for example from GB 12 53 948 B, the recognition of the invention is that a prominent component of the HgCl radiation is to be provided while at the same time the aggressiveness of the chlorine filling is to be limited.
  • This gas phase composition will obviously only adjust itself if no further substances are present in the filling which could shift the composition properties.
  • there is a series of metals such as, for example, barium, magnesium, sodium, and silver, which also form comparatively stable chlorides, i.e. for example BaCl 2 , MgCl 2 , NaCl, and HgCl, at elevated temperatures.
  • these substances operate as it were as chlorine getters.
  • the presence of certain quantities of such substances in the filling are accordingly quite acceptable, because the compounds formed are deposited in non-critical locations of the lamp, for example as solid substances, they do obviously influence the required filling quantities of the active substances, i.e. for example of Hg and Cl.
  • the quantitative data mentioned in the present application for the filling quantities accordingly relate to the case of comparatively clean lamps that can typically only be prepared under laboratory conditions and that essentially contain only the active substances mentioned above, i.e. except for impurities that are difficult to avoid such as, for example, certain traces of oxygen.
  • the quantitative data should accordingly be adapted under manufacturing conditions and/or when further filling ingredients are purposely added.
  • Those skilled in the art may have recourse to the knowledge present in the prior art on the thermodynamic equilibrium in lamp chemistry for the purpose of such an adaptation.
  • direct comparisons obtained from measurements, for example of the emitted light spectrum and the lamp life properties may be made, for example with clean lamps manufactured in the laboratory so as to ascertain the operation according to the invention of a manufactured lamp.
  • a metal preferably one that forms more stable chloride compounds than mercury, and in particular one from the group of aluminum, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, gallium, germanium, indium, lead, tin, thallium, and vanadium, and in particular the addition of germanium, renders it possible to improve the properties of a lamp according to the invention still further.
  • These metals may be added both in pure form and in the form of mixed alloys or in the form of suitable compounds which release the metals during lamp operation without otherwise interfering with lamp operation. Such a metal then acts as a chlorine binder, i.e. it binds chlorine in colder regions of the lamp during lamp operation, which provides several positive effects.
  • the chemical aggressiveness of the chlorine i.e. the attacks on the wall and the electrodes, are further reduced thereby.
  • the HgCl content in the gas phase is reduced thereby in the colder lamp regions, because the metals compete with the mercury as a chlorine binder.
  • a lower HgCl concentration in the outer, cooler lamp regions reduces the self-absorption of the HgCl radiation generated in the hot lamp regions, i.e. increases the total of HgCl radiation emitted by the lamp.
  • tungsten acts as it were as a chlorine getter in the course of lamp life, so that gradually less and less chlorine is available for forming HgCl, i.e. is removed from the radiation-generating process. Since the addition of the above metals reduces the tungsten transport to the wall and thus also to the coldest spot, as was noted above, and since the metals compete with the tungsten for binding chlorine, but the metal chlorides are gaseous, the formation of the solid WCl 2 is reduced thereby, so that the chlorine is at least less strongly removed from the processes that are important for radiation generation.
  • the favorable effects of the chlorine-binding metals mentioned above manifest themselves particularly if the filling contains these metals in a stoichiometrical excess quantity in relation to chlorine, so that the chlorine can be bound in a sufficient quantity.
  • the sum [M] of the filling quantities of the chlorine-binding metals must comply with: [M]/[Cl] ⁇ 1/W M , where W M denotes the average valency of the chlorine-binding metals.
  • W M denotes the average valency of the chlorine-binding metals.
  • the sum [M] of the filling quantities of the chlorine-binding metals is to be understood to be the summed filling quantities of all these metals relating to the atoms, as was explained above.
  • the average valency W M of the chlorine-binding metals may be calculated as the arithmetic mean of the valencies of the individual metals in the mixture, weighted by their mixing ratios.
  • the filling quantity [Hg] of mercury should preferably be limited to [Hg] ⁇ 2000 ⁇ mole/cm 3 . Since the product of the Hg and Cl filling quantities should be at least 200 ( ⁇ mole/cm 3 ) 2 because of the required HgCl vapor pressure, as explained above, the maximum quantity of [Hg] ⁇ 2000 ⁇ mole/cm 3 leads to a corresponding condition for the minimum filling quantity of Cl of [Cl] ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ mole/cm 3 .
  • the discharge vessel may also be manufactured from quartz glass because of the limitation of the aggressiveness of the chlorine filling according to the invention. Obviously, however, oxidic ceramic substances, and in particular the densely sintered polycrystalline aluminum oxide (DGA or PCA) may also be used. Similarly, the limited aggressiveness means that metal electrodes, in particular tungsten electrodes may be used for coupling the energy into the lamp vessel. In a further embodiment, the electrodes may be manufactured from several metals, in particular from tungsten and rhenium. Furthermore, coated electrodes may also be used, in particular those formed by a tungsten core and a coating that consists of rhenium for at least 90% by weight. Reference is made to EP 0 909 457 A1, U.S. Pat. No.
  • the energy may be coupled into the lamp without electrodes, for example by means of an electromagnetic alternating field in the high-frequency or microwave range, in particular in a range of 0.5 to 500 MHz or 500 MHz to 50 GHz.
  • an electromagnetic alternating field in the high-frequency or microwave range, in particular in a range of 0.5 to 500 MHz or 500 MHz to 50 GHz.
  • the invention also relates to a lighting unit which is provided with a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention.
  • This lighting unit may comprise in particular also the electrical driver circuit for providing the lamp with energy in the case of an electrodeless energy supply by means of an electromagnetic alternating field, i.e. for example also a generator for generating this alternating field.
  • FIG. 1 plots the partial pressures of HgCl resulting from a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation as a function of temperature
  • FIG. 2 plots the summed partial pressures of tungsten resulting from a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation as a function of temperature
  • FIGS. 3 to 10 are spectrums of embodiments of high-pressure lamps according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a discharge lamp according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows the HgCl partial pressures in the gas phase resulting from a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation as a function of temperature.
  • the vertical axis of the diagram shows the HgCl partial pressure in bar and the horizontal axis the temperature in K.
  • the gradient of the upper curve 1 in the diagram is the HgCl partial pressure resulting from a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation when 140 ⁇ mole/cm 3 Hg and 10 ⁇ mole/cm 3 Cl are filled into the vessel.
  • the lower curve 2 is valid for a similar situation when in addition to the 140 ⁇ mole/cm 3 Hg and 10 ⁇ mole/cm 3 Cl an additional 7.5 ⁇ mole/cm 3 Ge was introduced at room temperature.
  • Ge is accordingly advantageous in two respects: first, it increases the HgCl concentration in the radiant center of the discharge, which leads to the generation of a stronger HgCl continuum radiation, and second, it provides a reduction in the HgCl concentration in the non-radiant outer regions of the lamp filling, so that the self-absorption of the HgCl radiation generated in the radiant regions is reduced in these layers.
  • FIG. 2 shows the summed partial pressures SpW of tungsten resulting from a thermodynamic equilibrium calculation as a function of temperature.
  • the vertical axis of the diagram shows the sum of the partial pressures of all tungsten compounds in the gas phase in bar, and the horizontal axis shows the temperature in K.
  • the partial pressure of a tungsten compound in the sum again relates to the atomic tungsten quantity, i.e. the tungsten content is entered stoichiometrically.
  • the compound W 2 Cl 10 for example, would thus be entered with a factor of 2 for W 2 in the tungsten summed pressure.
  • the tungsten of curve 5 would be transported from the electrode region, which has a temperature of approximately 2200 K, to the colder (and also to the hotter) spots on the electrode and the lamp wall.
  • This location present in the central region of the electrode would accordingly become progressively thinner, and the electrode would finally be severed in this location owing to this so-termed “beaver gnawing” effect.
  • the getter effect of the tungsten with respect to chlorine in the colder lamp regions should be pointed out again here.
  • the reduction in the tungsten transport rates caused by the reduction in the chlorine filling quantity and/or the addition of metals such as germanium distinctly slows down the accumulation of tungsten in the colder lamp regions. This then slows down the formation of WCl 2 and its precipitation in the solid state in a corresponding manner, and thus the negative effect of the chlorine removal on the radiation generation. This improves the radiant maintenance of the lamp considerably during lamp life, i.e. the decrease in the generated radiant power over lamp life is considerably reduced.
  • FIGS. 3 to 10 show spectrums of embodiments of high-pressure lamps according to the invention.
  • the wavelengths of the emitted radiation are plotted in nm on the horizontal axes of these Figures, and the radiant intensity in W/nm on the vertical axes.
  • the fillings of the lamps with the spectrums of FIGS. 3 to 6 correspond substantially to the tungsten summed pressures of the curves 5 to 8 calculated in FIG. 2 .
  • the advantages of the addition of germanium as a chlorine binder and the reduction in the chlorine content, possibly accompanied by an increase in the Hg filling quantity, can be clearly seen. Highly efficient lamps with good color rendering and a long life can thus be obtained through fine tuning of the filling quantities.
  • a comparison of the embodiment of FIG. 5 with that of FIG. 4 shows a clearly improved lamp life while the luminous efficacy is still very good.
  • a further prolongation of lamp life is expected in the lamp of FIG. 6 , whose filling corresponds to curve 8 of FIG.
  • germanium instead of or in addition to germanium as the chlorine binder, alternative metals of a similar chemical action may be used as chlorine binders.
  • the metals mentioned above are preferably used here, which form more stable chloride compounds than mercury, in particular besides germanium, also aluminum, arsenic, bismuth, cobalt, gallium, indium, lead, tin, thallium, and vanadium.
  • the following Table relating to the embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 9 contains first results of the use of Ga, Al, and Sn as chlorine binders.
  • FIG. 7 FIG. 8
  • FIG. 9 Lamp vessel Elliptical, quartz Dimensions Inner diameter: 10.5 mm, Inner length: 13.5 mm Energy transfer Tungsten electrodes Electrode spacing [mm] 7.5 Filling Ar 0.51 [ ⁇ mole/cm 3 ] Hg 72 Cl 23 87 11 Chlorine Ga: 11.6 Al: 29 Sn: 10 binder Sn: 4.1 Power [W] 255 250 290 Efficacy [lm/W] 34 73 102 Life [h] ⁇ 1
  • FIG. 10 shows the spectrum of an electrodeless embodiment whose data are summarized in the following Table. Since the problems of electrode attacks are absent here, this first experiment was also carried out with an increased chlorine quantity above the upper limit of [Cl] ⁇ 10 ⁇ mole/cm 3 according to the invention. The addition of a chlorine binder was also dispensed with. The addition of sulphur to the lamp filling was made to investigate its effect on the lamp spectrum. This effect, however, is judged to be small.
  • This electrodeless lamp shows a high luminous efficacy of 150 lm/W.
  • An evaluation of the system efficacy should take into account the low efficiency of the microwave generation in comparison with ballast circuits for lamps provided with electrodes.
  • the high price of the microwave resonator also has a negative effect on the lamp cost.
  • Life tests have not yet been carried out with this lamp, the short-time burning periods were only a few hours.
  • a chlorine attack of the bulb wall is nevertheless expected at high chlorine quantities, although the electrode problems are absent, in the case of correspondingly longer burning times, as was already noted in GB 12 53 948 B.
  • a clear prolongation of lamp life is accordingly also assumed for such lamps as a result of the reduction in chlorine quantity according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 An illustrative embodiment of a discharge lamp 100 is shown in FIG. 11 having a discharge vessel 110 which may be elliptical in shape and made of quartz.
  • the inner diameter of the discharge vessel 110 is 11 mm and the inner length is 16 mm.
  • Tungsten electrodes 120 are provided for coupling electrical power into the high-pressure discharge lamp 100 .

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US10/535,803 2002-11-26 2003-11-21 High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content Expired - Fee Related US7282862B2 (en)

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US11/856,784 US20080007179A1 (en) 2002-11-26 2007-09-18 High-pressure discharge lamp with mercury chloride having a limited chlorine content

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10254969.9 2002-11-26
DE10254969A DE10254969A1 (de) 2002-11-26 2002-11-26 Hochdruckentladungslampe mit Quecksilberchlorid bei begrenztem Chlorgehalt
PCT/IB2003/005300 WO2004049386A2 (fr) 2002-11-26 2003-11-21 Lampe a decharge haute pression a chlorure de mercure a teneur limitee en chlore

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US7282862B2 true US7282862B2 (en) 2007-10-16

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EP (1) EP1568064A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006507645A (fr)
CN (1) CN1717771A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003302242A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10254969A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004049386A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100176722A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2010-07-15 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung High-pressure discharge lamp

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202005005202U1 (de) * 2005-04-01 2006-08-10 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Metallhalogenidlampe
DE102006034833A1 (de) * 2006-07-27 2008-01-31 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Hochdruckentladungslampe
JP5266909B2 (ja) * 2008-06-26 2013-08-21 セイコーエプソン株式会社 放電ランプ、光源装置、及びプロジェクタ
DE102009009890A1 (de) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Osram Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Hochdruckentladungslampe
JP5504682B2 (ja) * 2009-04-20 2014-05-28 岩崎電気株式会社 セラミックメタルハライドランプ

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GB1039649A (en) 1964-05-19 1966-08-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Discharge lamp
US3586898A (en) * 1969-05-19 1971-06-22 Gen Electric Aluminum chloride discharge lamp
GB1283152A (en) 1969-05-19 1972-07-26 Gen Electric Metal halide discharge lamp
US4171498A (en) * 1976-12-06 1979-10-16 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh High pressure electric discharge lamp containing metal halides
US4319157A (en) 1979-02-26 1982-03-09 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
DE3242752A1 (de) 1982-01-19 1983-09-08 Jenoptik Jena Gmbh, Ddr 6900 Jena Elektrodenstabilisierte hochdruckentladungslampe mit leuchtzusaetzen
US4801846A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-01-31 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
EP0344732A1 (fr) 1988-06-03 1989-12-06 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Lampe à décharge aux halogénures métalliques
WO1998037570A1 (fr) 1997-02-24 1998-08-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe aux halogenures haute pression
EP0917180A1 (fr) 1997-11-18 1999-05-19 Matsushita Electronics Corporation Lampe à décharge à haute pression, dispositif optique d'éclairage l'utilisant en tant que source de lumière, et système d'affichage d'image

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JP2004520697A (ja) * 2001-05-10 2004-07-08 コーニンクレッカ　フィリップス　エレクトロニクス　エヌ　ヴィ 高圧ガス放電ランプ

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1039649A (en) 1964-05-19 1966-08-17 Westinghouse Electric Corp Discharge lamp
US3586898A (en) * 1969-05-19 1971-06-22 Gen Electric Aluminum chloride discharge lamp
GB1253948A (en) 1969-05-19 1971-11-17 Gen Electric Metal halide discharge lamp
GB1283152A (en) 1969-05-19 1972-07-26 Gen Electric Metal halide discharge lamp
US4171498A (en) * 1976-12-06 1979-10-16 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft Fur Elektrische Gluhlampen Mbh High pressure electric discharge lamp containing metal halides
US4319157A (en) 1979-02-26 1982-03-09 U.S. Philips Corporation High pressure mercury vapor discharge lamp
DE3242752A1 (de) 1982-01-19 1983-09-08 Jenoptik Jena Gmbh, Ddr 6900 Jena Elektrodenstabilisierte hochdruckentladungslampe mit leuchtzusaetzen
US4801846A (en) * 1986-12-19 1989-01-31 Gte Laboratories Incorporated Rare earth halide light source with enhanced red emission
EP0344732A1 (fr) 1988-06-03 1989-12-06 Forschungszentrum Jülich Gmbh Lampe à décharge aux halogénures métalliques
WO1998037570A1 (fr) 1997-02-24 1998-08-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe aux halogenures haute pression
EP0909457A1 (fr) 1997-02-24 1999-04-21 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Lampe aux halogenures haute pression
US6060829A (en) 1997-02-24 2000-05-09 U.S. Philips Corporation Metal halide lamp with rhenium skin on tungsten electrode
US6169365B1 (en) 1997-02-24 2001-01-02 U.S. Philips Corporation High-pressure metal halide lamp having three part electrode rods
EP0917180A1 (fr) 1997-11-18 1999-05-19 Matsushita Electronics Corporation Lampe à décharge à haute pression, dispositif optique d'éclairage l'utilisant en tant que source de lumière, et système d'affichage d'image
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20100176722A1 (en) * 2007-05-31 2010-07-15 Osram Gesellschaft Mit Beschraenkter Haftung High-pressure discharge lamp

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AU2003302242A1 (en) 2004-06-18
EP1568064A2 (fr) 2005-08-31
US20080007179A1 (en) 2008-01-10
US20060091812A1 (en) 2006-05-04
WO2004049386A3 (fr) 2004-09-30
WO2004049386A2 (fr) 2004-06-10
DE10254969A1 (de) 2004-06-03
CN1717771A (zh) 2006-01-04
AU2003302242A8 (en) 2004-06-18
JP2006507645A (ja) 2006-03-02

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