US6412433B1 - FSO loading/mooring - Google Patents

FSO loading/mooring Download PDF

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Publication number
US6412433B1
US6412433B1 US09/601,797 US60179700A US6412433B1 US 6412433 B1 US6412433 B1 US 6412433B1 US 60179700 A US60179700 A US 60179700A US 6412433 B1 US6412433 B1 US 6412433B1
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United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
hawsers
stern
bow
pair
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Expired - Lifetime
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US09/601,797
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English (en)
Inventor
Kåre Breivik
Harald Kleppestø
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Equinor Energy AS
Altera Norway AS
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Navion AS
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Assigned to NAVION ASA reassignment NAVION ASA CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: NAVION AS
Assigned to STATOIL ASA reassignment STATOIL ASA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: ASA, NAVION
Assigned to AMERICAN SHUTTLE TANKERS, LLC reassignment AMERICAN SHUTTLE TANKERS, LLC LICENSE AGREEMENT Assignors: NAVION ASA
Assigned to STATOILHYDRO ASA reassignment STATOILHYDRO ASA CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STATOIL ASA
Assigned to STATOIL ASA reassignment STATOIL ASA CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STATOILHYDRO ASA
Assigned to STATOIL PETROLEUM AS reassignment STATOIL PETROLEUM AS ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: STATOIL ASA
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/30—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures
    • B63B27/34—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B27/00—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers
    • B63B27/24—Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines

Definitions

  • This invention relates an arrangement for load transfer, especially of petroleum fluids, between two vessels at sea, comprising at least one bow hawser and at least one loading hose arranged to be drawn between the stern of a first vessel and the bow of a second vessel.
  • a known method to perform this kind of operations is to keep the vessels in a tandem arrangement, i.e. that one of the vessels is kept moored from its bow to the stern of the other vessel.
  • the latter of these may be a so called FPSO (Floating Production, Storage and Off-loading)
  • the first mentioned may be a tanker, especially a shuttle tanker.
  • FPSO Floating Production, Storage and Off-loading
  • the first mentioned may be a tanker, especially a shuttle tanker.
  • Normally one single nylon hawser is used for the moorage, because such hawsers are rated for the large forces which may occur, which depends primarily on the tonnage of the vessels.
  • a typical break load for the nylon hawser may be about 550 tonnes.
  • nylon hawsers is advantageous because that material gives a certain elasticity or spring effect by relative movement between the two vessels.
  • the vessel separation may be about 50 to 90 meters, whereas a relatively narrow separation is adjusted to, if a stiffer connection is wished, while a wider separation arranged will result in a more flexible connection or moorage.
  • the loading hose is led from the stern of the FPSO and back along the side of the hull of the tanker in order to be connected to a manifold or similar equipment which in the usual manner is to be found near midship of the tanker vessel.
  • arrangements are also known with the loading hose led from the stern of the stationary FPSO-vessel to the bow of a tanker, e.g. an especially adapted shuttle tanker, which advantageously may carry advanced equipment for dynamic positioning for this purpose.
  • the tanker vessel is assisted by a tender at its stern, in order to keep the tanker vessel at safe distance from the stern of the FPSO-vessel.
  • the FPSO-vessel may also carry a loading hose carrying boom reaching out over the stern.
  • the invention concerns an arrangement for load transfer between the stern of a first vessel and the bow of a second vessel, comprising two bow hawsers arranged to run from each their anchor points near the sides of the ship at each side of the stern, to the bow, with approximately the same length of the two hawsers, and that the loading hose is arranged to run essentially centrally from the middle point of the stern, to the bow.
  • a mooring is achieved with the mentioned second vessel, e.g. a shuttle tanker, with its bow position held nearly fixed with respect to the centre line of the first vessel, such as an FSO- or an FPSO-vessel.
  • the hawsers and the loading hose of the preferred embodiment will be stored on board of the FSO/FPSO-vessel.
  • the advantageous moorage conditions achieved obviously depend on the relative length dimensions, that is the basic triangular geometry of the arrangement.
  • the hawsers cannot have a length shorter than a certain minimum because this would bring the vessels too close to each other.
  • too long lengths of the hawsers would imply that the steering or centering effect on the mentioned bow in relation to the centerline of the stationary vessel would be weak.
  • the lengths of the hawsers are of comparable length with the mutual distance with the anchor points on each side of the stern of the first vessel. This may imply that the hawsers' lengths are up to 1.5 or even 2 times the mentioned mutual distance.
  • the first vessel such as an FPSO, normally is of considerable dimensions, and thus with a corresponding width of the stern.
  • the solutions comprised by the inventions may be adapted for several different areas of use and operations, such as:
  • That the load to be transferred is petroleum fluids.
  • FIG. 1 shows from above an arrangement according to the invention under a load transfer operation
  • FIG. 2 shows a manifold unit which may be part of the arrangement in FIG. 1 .
  • FIG. 1 of the drawings shows the stern of a first vessel 10 (typically an FSO or an FPSO) and an other vessel 20 which from its bow with corresponding equipment or components 20 B is connected with the stern 10 A of the vessel 10 .
  • the connection comprises a first pair of hawsers 1 A, 1 B and another pair of hawsers 2 A, 2 B and centrally arranged loading hoses 4 , 5 and 6 . These are in this case led out over an hose boom 3 from the vessel 10 .
  • a boom may among other things be used for directing the hose or tubes toward the bow 20 B of the vessel 20 .
  • the four hawsers are distributed in a way that pairs of hawser extend from the hawser pipe or anchor point indicated by 11 and 12 , respectively, on either side of the stern 10 A and toward their respective sides of the ship.
  • the hawser length 1 A is approximately of equal length with the hawser length 1 B, and similarly that the hawser length 2 A is approximately equal to the hawser length 2 B.
  • the pair of hawsers 1 A, 1 B is shown somewhat more tensioned than the pair of hawsers 2 A, 2 B, indicating that in the situation shown in the drawing the air of hawsers 1 A, 1 B takes up a larger proportion of the load than the pair of hawsers 2 A, 2 B.
  • hawser extensions which for the hawser 1 A is denoted 21 , such that the total effective length of this hawser is increased with an additional length 21 A furnished by the hawser extension 21 .
  • This extends from a hawsepipe 22 by the stern 10 A and forward in the longship direction to a hawser anchor point 23 , arranged to resist the rather large straining forces which may be imparted by the hawser 1 A.
  • Corresponding hawser extensions are shown for all four hawsers, in that only one more hawser anchor point 24 is indicated for the hawser 1 B.
  • one pair of hawser may be sufficient, such as the hawsers 1 A and 1 B, and the hawser extensions shown will not always be necessary.
  • a necessary hawser anchor point marked by 23 and 24 will be arranged near the stern 10 A in a more conventional way according to traditional moorage methods.
  • the hawsers 1 A and 1 B are of equal length, as mentioned above. The same applies to the hawsers 2 A and 2 B. As a typical example the pair of hawsers 1 A, 1 B are 10 to 20% shorter than the pair of hawsers 2 A, 2 B. When the mutual separation between the vessels 10 and 20 thus increases, the pair of hawsers 1 A, 1 B will take up the load. If the stretch load in that pair of hawsers increases more due to relative movement between the two vessels, the pair of hawsers 2 A, 2 B will gradually begin to take their share of the total load. Thus there arises a flexibility or yield in the mutual mooring, being very advantageous for the entire arrangement's way of working.
  • the described hawser arrangement comprises such a fastening of the hawsers in the bow 20 B of the vessel 20 , that an even or symmetric balance of force is maintained.
  • This may be arranged by means of known mooring means or devices in the bow 20 B.
  • the free ends of the hawsers 1 A, 1 B, 2 A, 2 B be gathered by a suitable arrangement and stored on the deck.
  • the loading hose or hoses 4 , 5 and 6 may be stored on deck correspondingly.
  • the extension devices shown for the four hawsers in FIG. 1 will be considerably useful when there is a demand for large elastic capacity of the moorage as seen in the length dimension of the two vessels.
  • the length of these devices as represented by the hawser part 21 A in the figure, is adapted to the desired prolongation of elasticity or yield.
  • the length of the hawser pairs 1 A, 1 B and 2 A, 2 B respectively must be adjusted correspondingly with the aim of achieving the desired operation characteristics of the entire mooring arrangement.
  • hoses 4 , 5 , and 6 such as shown in FIG. 1 are of great interest. This applies to among other things to loading of oil with return of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) gas from the vessel 20 to the main vessel 10 .
  • VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
  • An other example is loading of liquid gas.
  • the hose boom 3 may advantageously be arranged to be elevated in order for the hoses not to hang in the sea during the loading operation.
  • FIG. 2 An embodiment for this purpose is shown in FIG. 2 showing a manifold especially adapted for transfer of liquid gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquid gas
  • FIG. 2 shows a manifold arrangement 26 with a through tubular main member 30 with valves, connectors, or flanges and swivels as illustrated.
  • the main body 30 is supported in bearings at 25 A and 25 B such as outlined in FIG. 2 .
  • Swivels 27 A and 27 B provide transfer to stationary connectors 31 and 33 with corresponding valves 31 A and 33 A.
  • valves 30 A and 30 B in the main body 30 . Connection for three fluid flows are indicated by 34 , 35 , and 36 , corresponding to the three hoses 4 , 5 , and 6 .
  • a connector 32 in FIG. 2 .
  • the connectors 34 and 36 may receive LNG from an FPSO, while the connector 35 serves for return of gas.
  • the flow 34 may be arranged for transfer of petroleum fluid, while flow tube 36 may be arranged for transfer of VOC.
  • a bow manifold in the bow equipment by 20 B of a tank vessel 20 may show several different configurations, which may be known in themselves, for handling of fluid flows depending on the actual loading or offloading situation. Also in the mooring arrangement according to FIG. 1 it is possible to make several modifications while keeping the general principle which forms the basis of the solution. Initially we have mentioned that a single pair of hawsers may be sufficient in some instances, and likewise the shown extension devices may be redundant when the demand for a yielding mooring is not especially strict.
  • the anchor points 11 and 12 may instead of more or less traditional hawsepipes comprise pulleys or sheaves which are known as such.
  • a double pair of hawsers may have anchor points by the stern 10 A, situated one above the other, instead of side by side as illustrated in FIG. 1 . In that case, it will be natural to arrange the somewhat tighter pair of hawsers 1 A, 1 B above.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Loading And Unloading Of Fuel Tanks Or Ships (AREA)
  • Rigid Pipes And Flexible Pipes (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
US09/601,797 1998-02-10 1999-02-08 FSO loading/mooring Expired - Lifetime US6412433B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NO980579A NO304824B1 (no) 1998-02-10 1998-02-10 Anordning for lastoverf°ring
NO19980579 1998-02-10
PCT/NO1999/000041 WO1999042358A1 (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-08 Fso loading/mooring

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US6412433B1 true US6412433B1 (en) 2002-07-02

Family

ID=19901659

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US09/601,797 Expired - Lifetime US6412433B1 (en) 1998-02-10 1999-02-08 FSO loading/mooring

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US6412433B1 (zh)
EP (1) EP1053172B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP4555470B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR100567692B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1125747C (zh)
AU (1) AU742138B2 (zh)
BR (1) BR9908216A (zh)
CA (1) CA2320237C (zh)
DE (1) DE69912746T2 (zh)
ID (1) ID26571A (zh)
NO (1) NO304824B1 (zh)
RU (1) RU2221724C2 (zh)
WO (1) WO1999042358A1 (zh)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110162571A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2011-07-07 Alan Hooper Mooring system for a vessel, and a method of mooring a vessel
US20130333804A1 (en) * 2011-02-22 2013-12-19 Philippe François Espinasse System for transferring a fluid, especially liquefied petroleum gas, between a first surface installation and a second surface installation
CN104071306A (zh) * 2014-06-23 2014-10-01 中国海洋石油总公司 一种基于转盘式刚性管的flng串靠外输设备
WO2021150119A1 (en) * 2020-01-21 2021-07-29 Vaholmen Voc Recovery As Support vessel for assisting in loading fluid hydrocarbon cargo onto a carrier vessel, and related system and method
US11248421B2 (en) 2018-03-14 2022-02-15 Subsea 7 Norway As Offloading hydrocarbons from subsea fields

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100948274B1 (ko) * 2007-12-06 2010-03-19 삼성중공업 주식회사 유연성 호스 및 구조물의 손상방지구조
KR101444286B1 (ko) 2013-03-29 2014-09-30 삼성중공업 주식회사 플랫형 스위블장치
CN106005276B (zh) * 2016-05-19 2017-12-01 武汉船用机械有限责任公司 海上液货补给输送装置
US11421486B2 (en) 2017-07-03 2022-08-23 Subsea 7 Norway As Offloading hydrocarbons from subsea fields

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1685927A (en) * 1922-12-12 1928-10-02 Miller Thomas Spencer Method and apparatus for fueling ships at sea
US3746060A (en) * 1970-06-26 1973-07-17 Weser Ag Connecting of conduit terminals on traveling marine vessels
US3833032A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-09-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tandem mooring-loading system
GB1384983A (en) 1972-05-24 1975-02-26 Ihc Holland Nv Mooring arrangement for a ship
US4064820A (en) * 1976-07-30 1977-12-27 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Apparatus for the marine transshipment of a liquid
DE3026836A1 (de) 1980-07-16 1982-02-11 LGA Gastechnik GmbH, 5480 Remagen System zur uebergabe von fluessigkeiten auf ein tankschiff oder von einem tankschiff
US5065687A (en) 1989-04-11 1991-11-19 Hampton James E Mooring system

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2224506A1 (de) * 1972-05-19 1973-11-29 Bayer Ag Hochmolekulare aromatische copolyamide
JPS5996089A (ja) * 1982-11-22 1984-06-02 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 海上における流体移送装置
NO318172B1 (no) * 1990-01-30 2005-02-14 Advanced Prod & Loading As Lastearrangement for lasting av fluider i et fartoy til havs
US5582252A (en) * 1994-01-31 1996-12-10 Shell Oil Company Hydrocarbon transport system
US5687668A (en) * 1994-10-27 1997-11-18 Kawasaki; Masasuke Steerable tug-and-barge linkage
NO300536B1 (no) * 1994-11-24 1997-06-16 Norske Stats Oljeselskap Drivankersystem for skip

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1685927A (en) * 1922-12-12 1928-10-02 Miller Thomas Spencer Method and apparatus for fueling ships at sea
US3746060A (en) * 1970-06-26 1973-07-17 Weser Ag Connecting of conduit terminals on traveling marine vessels
GB1384983A (en) 1972-05-24 1975-02-26 Ihc Holland Nv Mooring arrangement for a ship
US3833032A (en) * 1972-10-31 1974-09-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Tandem mooring-loading system
US4064820A (en) * 1976-07-30 1977-12-27 Single Buoy Moorings Inc. Apparatus for the marine transshipment of a liquid
DE3026836A1 (de) 1980-07-16 1982-02-11 LGA Gastechnik GmbH, 5480 Remagen System zur uebergabe von fluessigkeiten auf ein tankschiff oder von einem tankschiff
US5065687A (en) 1989-04-11 1991-11-19 Hampton James E Mooring system

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110162571A1 (en) * 2007-09-07 2011-07-07 Alan Hooper Mooring system for a vessel, and a method of mooring a vessel
US8418639B2 (en) 2007-09-07 2013-04-16 Apl Technology As Mooring system for a vessel
US20130333804A1 (en) * 2011-02-22 2013-12-19 Philippe François Espinasse System for transferring a fluid, especially liquefied petroleum gas, between a first surface installation and a second surface installation
US9927069B2 (en) * 2011-02-22 2018-03-27 Technip France System for transferring a fluid, especially liquefied petroleum gas, between a first surface installation and a second surface installation
CN104071306A (zh) * 2014-06-23 2014-10-01 中国海洋石油总公司 一种基于转盘式刚性管的flng串靠外输设备
US11248421B2 (en) 2018-03-14 2022-02-15 Subsea 7 Norway As Offloading hydrocarbons from subsea fields
WO2021150119A1 (en) * 2020-01-21 2021-07-29 Vaholmen Voc Recovery As Support vessel for assisting in loading fluid hydrocarbon cargo onto a carrier vessel, and related system and method
AU2021211356B2 (en) * 2020-01-21 2023-08-03 Vaholmen Voc Recovery As Support vessel for assisting in loading fluid hydrocarbon cargo onto a carrier vessel, and related system and method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR9908216A (pt) 2000-11-28
DE69912746T2 (de) 2004-08-12
CA2320237A1 (en) 1999-08-26
JP2002503591A (ja) 2002-02-05
WO1999042358A1 (en) 1999-08-26
DE69912746D1 (de) 2003-12-18
CA2320237C (en) 2007-10-16
AU2749799A (en) 1999-09-06
NO980579D0 (no) 1998-02-10
KR100567692B1 (ko) 2006-04-05
JP4555470B2 (ja) 2010-09-29
RU2221724C2 (ru) 2004-01-20
CN1125747C (zh) 2003-10-29
NO304824B1 (no) 1999-02-22
EP1053172B1 (en) 2003-11-12
AU742138B2 (en) 2001-12-20
ID26571A (id) 2001-01-18
EP1053172A1 (en) 2000-11-22
KR20010040786A (ko) 2001-05-15
CN1287535A (zh) 2001-03-14

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