Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C239/00—Compounds containing nitrogen-to-halogen bonds; Hydroxylamino compounds or ethers or esters thereof
  • C07C239/08—Hydroxylamino compounds or their ethers or esters
  • C07C239/14—Hydroxylamino compounds or their ethers or esters having nitrogen atoms of hydroxylamino groups further bound to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by doubly-bound oxygen atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D493/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system
  • C07D493/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms in the condensed system in which the condensed system contains two hetero rings
  • C07D493/08—Bridged systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P11/00—Drugs for disorders of the respiratory system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P37/00—Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
  • A61P37/08—Antiallergic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C303/00—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides
  • C07C303/36—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids
  • C07C303/40—Preparation of esters or amides of sulfuric acids; Preparation of sulfonic acids or of their esters, halides, anhydrides or amides of amides of sulfonic acids by reactions not involving the formation of sulfonamide groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D309/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings
  • C07D309/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
  • C07D309/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom, not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for preparing hydroxamic acids from carboxylic acid intermediates, wherein the carboxylic acid intermediate does not possess reactive substituents such as hydroxy or amino groups.
• Inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinase are known to be useful for the treatment of a condition selected from the group consisting of arthritis (including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis), inflammatory bowel disease, Crohn's disease, emphysema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, Alzheimer's disease, organ transplant toxicity, cachexia, allergic reactions, allergic contact hypersensitivity, cancer, tissue ulceration, restenosis, periodontal disease, epidermolysis bullosa, osteoporosis, loosening of artificial joint implants, atherosclerosis (including atherosclerotic plaque rupture), aortic aneurysm (including abdominal aortic aneurysm and brain aortic aneurysm), congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, stroke, cerebral ischemia, head trauma, spinal cord injury, neuro-degenerative disorders (acute and chronic), autoimmune disorders, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, migraine,
• arthritis
• the products which can be prepared from the compounds and processes of the present invention may be used in combination therapy with standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (hereinafter NSAID'S), COX-2 inhibitors and analgesics for the treatment of arthritis, and in combination with cytotoxic drugs such as adriamycin, daunomycin, cis-platinum, etoposide, taxol, taxotere and alkaloids, such as vincristine, in the treatment of cancer.
• NSAID'S standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
• COX-2 inhibitors COX-2 inhibitors
• analgesics for the treatment of arthritis
• cytotoxic drugs such as adriamycin, daunomycin, cis-platinum, etoposide, taxol, taxotere and alkaloids, such as vincristine
• Matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors are well known in the literature. Specifically, PCT publication WO 96/33172 published Oct. 24, 1996, refers to cyclic arylsulfonylamiro hydroxamic acids that are useful as MMP inhibitors.
• PCT Publication WO 97/20824, PCT Publication WO 98/08825, PCT Publication WO 98/27069, and PCT Publication WO 98/34918, published Aug. 13, 1998, entitled “Arylsulfonyl Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives” all refer to cyclic hydroxamic acids that are useful as MMP inhibitors.
• PCT Publications WO 96/27583 and WO 98/07697 published Mar. 7, 1996 and Feb. 26, 1998, respectively, refer to arylsulfonyl hydroxamic acids.
• PCT Publication W/O 98/03516 published Jan. 29, 1998 refers to phosphinates with MMP activity.
• PCT Publication WO 98/34915 published Aug. 13, 1998, entitled “N-Hydroxy- ⁇ -Sulfonyl Propionamide Derivatives,” refers to propionylhydroxamides as useful MMP inhibitors.
• PCT Publication WO 98/33768 published Aug.
• the present invention relates to a process for preparing a molecule containing a hydroxamic acid group, comprising reacting hydroxylamine, or a salt thereof, with a ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 silyl halide, preferably ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 silyl chloride, in the presence of a base, followed by reaction with a carboxylic acid halide containing molecule followed by reaction with an acid, with the proviso that the carboxylic acid halide containing molecule does not contain a hydroxy, primary amine, secondary amine or thiol group.
• the present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of the formula
• Z is >CH 2 or >NR 1 ;
• Q is (C 1- C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 2 -C 9 )heteroaryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy(C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryloxy(C 2 -C 9 )heteroaryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 2 -C 9 )heteroaryl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 6 -C 10 )aryl, (C 6 -C 10
• R 1 is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 10 )aryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl, (C 2 -C 9 )heternryl(C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or a group of the formula
• R 2 and R 3 are independently hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl or R 2 and R 3 are taken together to form a three to seven membered cycloalkyl ring, a pyran-4-yl ring or a bicyclo ring of the formula
• R 4 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl
• n is an integer from one to six; comprising:
• a first base preferably pyndine, 2,6-lutidine or diisopropylethylamine
• R 2 , R 3 , Z and Q are as defined above, with a second base (preferably pyridine, 2,6-lutidine or diisopropylethylamine) to form a compound of the formula
• R 7 is ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 —Si—
• R 8 is hydrogen or ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 —Si—
• alkyl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes saturated monovalent hydrocarbon radicals having straight, branched or cyclic moieties or combinations thereof.
• alkoxy includes O-alkyl groups wherein “alkyl” is defined above.
• aryl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic hydrocarbon by removal of one hydrogen, such as phenyl or naphthyl.
• heteroaryl includes an organic radical derived from an aromatic heterocyclic compound by removal of one hydrogen, such as pyridyl, furyl, pyroyl, thienyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzofuryl, isobenzofuryl, benzothienyl, pyrazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, purinyl, carbazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, benzthiazolyl or benzoxazolyl.
• Preferred heteroaryls include pyridyl, furyl, thienyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl or oxazolyl. Most preferred heteroaryls include pyridyl, furyl or thienyl.
• acyl as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, includes a radical of the general formula R—(C ⁇ O)— wherein R is alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, arylalkyl or arylalkoxy and the terms, “alkyr” or “aryl” are as defined above.
• acyloxy includes O-acyl groups wherein “acyl” is defined above.
• the compounds of formulae I-VI may have chiral centers and therefore exist in differernt diasteriomeric or enantiomeric forms.
• This invention relates to all optical isomers and stereoisomers of the compounds of formula I-VI and mixtures thereof.
• compounds of the formula I′ exist as the exo isomer of the formula
• Scheme 1 refers to the preparation of matrix metalloproteinase compounds of formula I.
• compounds of formula I are prepared from a hydroxylamine of the formula VIII, wherein R 9 is hydrochloride, hydrosulfuric or R 9 is absent. Specifically, compounds of the formula VIII are reacted with a ((C 1 -C 4 )alkyl) 3 silyl halide in the presence of a base to form in situ a compound of the formula VII, wherein R 7 is ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 —Si—, and R 8 is hydrogen or ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 —Si—.
• Suitable ((C 1 -C 6 )alkyl) 3 silyl halides include trimethylsilyl chloride, triethylsilyl chloride, trimethylsilyl iodide, triethylsilyl iodide, trimethylsilyl bromide, t-butyl dimethylsilyl chloride or triethylsilyl bromide, preferably trimethylsilyl chloride.
• Suitable bases include pyridine, 2,6-lutidine or diisopropylethylamine, preferably pyridine. The reaction is performed at a temperature of about 0° to about 22° C. (i.e., room temperature) for about 1 to about 12 hours, preferably about 1 hour.
• the in situ formed compound of the formula VII is then reacted with a compound of formula II or the acid chloride of the compound of formula V, from Scheme 2, in the presence of a base to form in situ a compound of the formula VI, wherein R 2 , R 3 , R 7 , R 8 and Q are as defined above and Z is >NR 1 .
• Suitable bases include pyridine, 2,6-lutidine or diisopropylethylamine, preferably pyridine.
• the reaction is performed at a temperature of about 0° to about 22° C. (i.e., room temperature) for about 1 to about 12 hours, preferably about 1 hour.
• the compound of formula VI is converted to a compound of formula I, wherein Z is >NR 1 , by acid hydrolysis.
• Suitable acids include hydrochloric or sulfuric, preferably hydrochloric acid.
• the reaction is performed at a temperature of about 0° to about 22° C. (i.e., room temperature) for about 1 to about 12 hours, preferably about 1 hour.
• compounds of the formula I, wherein Z is —(CH 2 )— can be prepared by reacting a compound of the formula
• Scheme 2 refers to the preparation of compounds of formula II which are internediates used in the preparabon of compounds of the formula I, according to the methods of Scheme 1.
• compounds of formula II are prepared from compounds of the formula III, wherein R 10 is hydrogen, by reaction with oxalyl chloride or thionyl chloride, preferably oxalyl chloride, and a catalyst, preferably about 2% of N,N-dimethylformamide, in an inert solvent such as methylene chloride or toluene.
• the aforesaid reaction is performed at a temperature of about 0° C. (i.e., room temperature) to about 70° C., preferably about 20° C. to about 50° C., most preferably about 20° C.
• the aforesaid reaction period is about 1 to 7 hours, preferably about 2 hours.
• Compounds of the formula III, wherein R 10 is hydrogen can be prepared from compounds of the formula IV, wherein R 6 is optionally substituted benzyl, by reduction in a polar solvent.
• Suitable reducing agents include palladium catalyzed reductions such as hydrogen over palladium, hydrogen over palladium on carbon or palladium hydroxide on carbon, preferably hydrogen over palladium on carbon.
• Suitable solvents include tetrahydrofuran, methanol, ethanol and isopropanol and mixtures thereof, preferably ethanol.
• the aforesaid reaction is performed at a temperature of about 22° C. (i.e., room temperature) for a period of 1 to 7 days, preferably about 2 days.
• R 10 is other than hydrogen, such as a protonated amine (such as protonated primary amine, secondary amine or tertiary amine), alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, can be prepared from compounds of the formula III, wherein R 10 is hydrogen, by treatment with an aqueous or alkanolic solution containing an acceptable cation (e.g., sodium, potassium, dicyclohexylamine, calcium and magnesium, preferably dicyclohexylamine), and then evaporating the resulting solution to dryness, preferably under reduced pressure or filtering the precipitate, preferably the dicyclohexylamine salt precipate.
• an acceptable cation e.g., sodium, potassium, dicyclohexylamine, calcium and magnesium, preferably dicyclohexylamine
• Compounds of the formula IV can be prepared from compounds of the formula V, wherein R 6 is optionally substituted benzyl, by Michael addition to a propiolate ester in the presence of a base in a polar solvent.
• Suitable propiolates are of the formula H—C ⁇ C—C—CO 2 R 4 wherein R 4 is (C 1 -C 6 )alkyl.
• Suitable bases include tetrabutylammonium fluoride, potassium carbonate, tertiary amines and cesium carbonate, preferably tetrabutylammonium fluoride.
• Suitable solvents include tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, tert-butanol, t-amyl alcohols and N,N-dimethylformamide, preferably tetrahydrofuran.
• the aforesaid reaction is performed at a temperature of about ⁇ 10° C. to about 60° C., preferably ranging between 0° C. and about 22° C. (i.e., room temperature).
• the compounds of formula IV are obtained as mixtures of geometric isomers about the olefinic double bond; separation of the isomers is not necessary.
• PCT Publication WO 98/34915 published Aug. 13, 1998, entitled “N-Hydroxy- ⁇ -Sulfonyl Propionamide Derivatives,” refers to propionylhydroxamides as useful MMP inhibitors.
• PCT Publication WO 98/33768 published Aug. 6, 1998, entitled “Arylsulfonylamino Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives,” refers to N-unsubstituted arylsulfonylamino hydroxamic acids.
• PCT Publication WO 98/30566 published Jul. 16, 1998, entitled “Cyclic Sulfone Derivatives,” refers to cyclic sulfone hydroxamic acids as MMP inhibitors.
• Provisional Patent Application No. 60/55208 filed Aug. 8, 1997, refers to biaryl hydroxamic acids as MMP inhibitors.
• U.S. Provisional Patent Application Serial No. 60/55207 filed Aug. 8, 1997, entitled “Aryloxyarylsulfonylamino Hydroxamic Acid Derivatives,” refers to aryloxyarylsulfonyl hydroxamic acids as MMP inhibitors.
• the compounds of the formula I which are basic in nature are capable of forming a wide variety of different salts with various inorganic and organic acids. Although such salts must be pharmaceutically acceptable for administration to animals, it is often desirable in practice to initially isolate a compound of the formula I from the reaction mixture as al pharmaceutically unacceptable salt and then simply convert the latter back to the free bases compound by treatment with an alkaline reagent, and subsequently convert the free base to a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt.
• the acid addition salts of the base compounds of this invention are readily prepared by treating the base compound with a substantially equivalent amount of the chosen mineral or organic acid in an aqueous solvent medium or in a suitable organic solvent such as methanol or ethanol. Upon careful evaporation of the solvent, the desired solid salt is obtained.
• the acids which are used to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts of the base compounds of this invention are those which form non-toxic acid addition salts, i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or acid phosphate, acetate, lactate, citrate or acid citrate, tartrate or bitartrate, succinate, maleate, fumarate, gluconaire, saccharate, benzoate, methanesulfonate and pamoate [ie., 1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)] salts.
• non-toxic acid addition salts i.e., salts containing pharmacologically acceptable anions, such as hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate or bisulfate, phosphate or acid phosphate
• Those compounds of the formula I which are also acidic in nature, are capable of forming base salts with various pharmacologically acceptable cations.
• such salts include the alkali metal or alkaline-earth metal salts and particularly, the sodium and potassium salts. These salts are all prepared by conventional techniques.
• the chemical bases which are used as reagents to prepare the pharmaceutically acceptable base salts of this invention are those which form non-toxic base salts with the herein described acidic compounds of formula I. These non-toxic base salts include those derived from such pharmacologically acceptable cations as sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium, etc.
• salts can easily be prepared by treating the corresponding acidic compounds with an aqueous solution containing the desired pharmacologically acceptable cations, and then evaporating the resulting solution to dryness, preferably under reduced pressure.
• they may also be prepared by mixing lower alkanolic solutions of the acidic compounds and the desired alkali metal alkoxide together, and then evaporating the resulting solution to dryness in the same manner as before.
• stoichiometric quantities of reagents are preferably employed in order to ensure completeness of reaction and maximum product yields.
• the ability of the compounds of formula I or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts to inhibit matrix metalloproteinases or the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and, consequently, demonstrate their effectiveness for treating diseases characterized by matrix metalloproteinase or the production of tumor necrosis factor can be determined according to in vitro assay tests well known to those of ordinary skill in the art.
• the aqueous phase was separated, diluted with 7.5 mL of tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0° C., and treated with 33 mL of 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid over 20 minutes. This mixture was stirred with 75 mL of ethyl acetate at 0° C. to ambient temperature, and the ethyl acetate phase was separated and washed with water. The ethyl acetate solution was slowly treated with 150 mL of hexanes at ambient temperature causing solids to precipitate, and stirred overnight.
• reaction is then treated with 50 mL of 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid and was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour.
• the aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases are washed with 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid (2 ⁇ 50 mL) and water (50 mL). This solution of the title compound in dichloromethane is used in the next step.
• a solution of (15.1 mmol) of the product from Step G in dichloromethane is concentrated by rotary evaporation with the addition of 75 mL of toluene.
• This solution is treated with 75 mL of water, cooled to 0° C., and treated with 6.05 g (151 mmol, 10 equivalents) of sodium hydroxide pellets over 10 minutes with vigorous stirring.
• This mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at 0° C. and warmed to ambient temperature over one hour.
• the aqueous phase is separated, diluted with 7.5 mL of tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0° C., and treated with 33 mL of 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid over 20 minutes.
• reaction mixture is gradually heated to 100° C. in an oil bath and stirred at this temperature overnight.
• the solvent is evaporated under vacuum and the residue is taken up in water and extracted twice with diethyl ether.
• the combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to a crude product.
• reaction is then treated with 50 mL of 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid and was stirred at ambient temperature for one hour.
• the aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases are washed with 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid (2 ⁇ 50 mL) and water (50 mL). This solution of the title compound in dichloromethane is used in the next step.
• a solution of (15.1 mmol) of the product from Step G in dichloromethane is concentrated by rotary evaporation with the addition of 75 mL of toluene.
• This solution is treated with 75 mL of water, cooled to 0° C., and treated with 6.05 g (151 mmol, 10 equivalents) of sodium hydroxide pellets over 10 minutes with vigorous stirring.
• This mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at 0° C. and warmed to ambient temperature over one hour.
• the aqueous phase is separated, diluted with 7.5 mL of tetrahydrofuran, cooled to 0° C., and treated with 33 mL of 6N aqueous hydrochloric acid over 20 minutes.
• Lithium hydroxide hydrate (59.5 mmole) is added to a solution of 3-exo-hydroxymethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylic acid ethyll ester (23.8 mmole) in a mixture of methanol (25 mL), tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) and water (2.5 mL). The mixture is heated at reflux overnight, cooled and quenched by addition of Amberlite IR-120TM ion exchange resin. After stirring for 20 minutes, the resin is removed by filtration, washing with tetrahydrofuran. Evaporation of the solvents and trituration of the residue with diethyl ether afforded the title compound.
• Benzenesulfonylchlodde (13.5 mmole) is added dropwise to a solution of 3-exo-hydroxymethyl-8-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane-3-carboxylic acid (12.3 mmole), triethylamine (24.7 mmole) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (2.5 mmole) in methylene chloride (50 mL) at 0° C.
• the mixture was stirred at 0° C. for 1 hour, diluted with methylene chloride and washed with aqueous 1N hydrochloric acid solution, saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution and brine. After drying over magnesium sulfate, the solvent was evaporated to provide the title compound.
• reaction is then treated with 50 mL of 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid and is stirred at ambient temperature for one hour.
• aqueous phase is extracted with dichloromethane and the combined organic phases are washed with 2N aqueous hydrochloric acid (2 ⁇ 50 mL) and water (50 mL).
• the organic phase is then concentrated to yield the title compound.
• OxoneTM (8.63 mmole) is added to a solution of the product from the previous step, (3.63 mmole) in a mixture of water (30 mL), methanol (40 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (12 mL). The resulting mixture is stirred at room temperature overnight, diluted with water and extracted twice with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts are washed with brine, dried over magnesium sulfate and concentrated to form the title compound.
• the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 times 100 L) and the combined organic phases were washed with water (2 times 130 L) and concentrated to 17 L.
• the resulting suspension was stirred at 0° C. for 3 hours and filtered giving 4.068 kg (89%) of the title compound as an off white solid.

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