US6157700A - Image reading apparatus - Google Patents

Image reading apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US6157700A
US6157700A US09/219,894 US21989498A US6157700A US 6157700 A US6157700 A US 6157700A US 21989498 A US21989498 A US 21989498A US 6157700 A US6157700 A US 6157700A
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United States
Prior art keywords
grid
imaging element
image information
scattered ray
ray removal
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Expired - Lifetime
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US09/219,894
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English (en)
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Tsukasa Sako
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Canon Inc
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Canon Inc
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Assigned to CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA reassignment CANON KABUSHIKI KAISHA ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SAKO, TSUKASA
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/06—Diaphragms
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
    • A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
    • A61B6/4291—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis the detector being combined with a grid or grating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03B42/00—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means
    • G03B42/02—Obtaining records using waves other than optical waves; Visualisation of such records by using optical means using X-rays

Definitions

  • the present invention especially relates to an image reading apparatus for imaging and reading an X-ray radiation distribution.
  • a conventional radiography apparatus radiation is emitted by a radiation source toward an object as a medium to be inspected, and is intensity-modulated and scattered by the interaction between the radiation and object in correspondence with the internal structure of the object, thus forming a radiation image on a solid-state imaging element.
  • a grid is placed in front of the solid-state imaging element to photograph an image.
  • the conventional apparatus does not consider the directivity of the grid placed between the solid-state imaging element and object.
  • an image is photographed via the grid by a method using a two-dimensional low-pass filter
  • a problem is posed when the relative positional relationship between the grid and solid-state imaging element deviates.
  • gain correction coefficient data as a variation distribution of conversion efficiency is calculated using the two-dimensional low-pass filter
  • the calculated data contains unwanted data output from the grid.
  • FIG. 8 shows a graph of a sensor output Sij and low-pass filter output Lij in a section A for a correction data acquisition image obtained by photographing in the absence of any object so as to obtain gain correction coefficient data. If the quotient obtained by dividing the sensor output Sij by the low-pass filter output Lij is used as gain correction coefficient data (Cij) that indicates the conversion efficiency of a solid-state imaging element 1, the gain correction coefficient Cij contains the influence of a grid 2.
  • the low-pass filter output Lij underestimates the X-ray dose contributed by the low-pass filter
  • a point P corresponding to a plus peak of the sensor output Sij exhibits higher apparent conversion efficiency than that of the solid-state imaging element 1 at the actual point P
  • a point Q corresponding to a minus peak of the sensor output Sij exhibits lower apparent conversion efficiency than that of the solid-state imaging element 1 at the actual point Q.
  • the outputs can no longer correspond to the gain correction coefficient Cij.
  • a calculation is made under the assumption that the relative positional relationship between the grid 2 and sensor has one-to-one correspondence with gain correction coefficient data. So, an image corrected using such gain correction coefficient data cannot be corrected accurately.
  • the relative positional relationship between the solid-state imaging element 1 and grid 2 must always be automatically adjusted in a desired direction before or upon obtaining gain correction coefficient data.
  • accurate gain correction coefficient data must be obtained after not only the solid-state imaging element 1 and the grid 2 are adjusted in the pixel line-up direction, but also they are finely adjusted in respect to a direction perpendicular to the pixel line-up direction and other directions.
  • an image reading apparatus comprises the following arrangement.
  • an image reading apparatus for reading an intensity distribution of radiation that has been transmitted through an object to be inspected and a scattered ray removal grid, as image information using an imaging element having a plurality of pixels, comprising grid image acquisition means for obtaining a radiation intensity distribution via the scattered ray removal grid in the absence of the object to be inspected using the imaging element, and pattern detection means for detecting a pattern derived from the scattered ray removal grid from information of the radiation intensity distribution obtained by the grid image acquisition means.
  • an image reading apparatus for reading an intensity distribution of radiation that has been transmitted through an object to be inspected and a scattered ray removal grid, as image information using an imaging element having a plurality of pixels, comprising initialization image reading means for obtaining a radiation intensity distribution as initialization image information via the scattered ray removal grid in the absence of the object to be inspected using the imaging element, pattern detection means for detecting a pattern derived from the scattered ray removal grid from the initialization image information, low-pass filter generation means for generating a low-pass filter on the basis of a detection result of the pattern detection means, and correction coefficient calculation means for calculating a correction coefficient used for correcting a conversion efficiency variation of the imaging element on the basis of image information obtained by filtering the initialization image information by the low-pass filter generated by the low-pass filter generation means, and the initialization image information.
  • an image reading apparatus for reading an intensity distribution of radiation that has been transmitted through an object to be inspected and a scattered ray removal grid, as image information using an imaging element having a plurality of pixels, comprising storage means for storing a radiation intensity distribution obtained in the absence of the object to be inspected using the grid and imaging element as initialization image information, and signal processing means for generating a low-pas filter based on a pattern derived from the grid from the initialization image information stored in the storage means, and obtaining gain correction information for each pixel of the imaging element by processing the initialization image information using the low-pass filter.
  • an image reading apparatus for reading an intensity distribution of radiation that has been transmitted through an object to be inspected and a scattered ray removal grid, as image information using an imaging element having a plurality of pixels, comprising initialization image reading means for obtaining a radiation intensity distribution as initialization image information via the scattered ray removal grid in the absence of the object to be inspected using the imaging element, pattern detection means for detecting a pattern derived from the scattered ray removal grid from the initialization image information, and scattered ray removal grid displacement means for displacing the scattered ray removal grid on the basis of an output result of the pattern detection means.
  • the pattern detection means has a function of obtaining information that pertains to a direction of the scattered ray removal grid on the basis of the radiation intensity distribution obtained by the grid image acquisition means.
  • the information pertains to relative positional and angular deviations between the scattered ray removal grid and the grid image acquisition means.
  • the correction coefficient calculation means calculates the correction coefficient by dividing individual pixel values of the initialization image information by individual pixel values of the image information obtained by filtering the initialization image information by the low-pass filter.
  • the pattern detection means comprises grid direction calculation means for obtaining accumulated pixel information in a predetermined direction within an image region upon detecting the pattern derived from the scattered ray removal grid, and calculating a direction that maximizes a standard deviation of the accumulated pixel information by changing a direction in which the accumulated pixel information is obtained, and grid frequency calculation means for calculating a grid frequency by calculating a Fourier transform of the accumulated pixel information in the direction.
  • the radiation intensity distribution obtained via the object to be inspected using the grid and imaging element is correction-processed using the gain correction information.
  • the scattered ray removal grid displacement means aligns the grid by displacing in a translation direction and rotation direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of an embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a position correction means
  • FIG. 3 is a chart for explaining the gain correction coefficient generation process
  • FIG. 4 is an explanatory view of the grid direction calculation process
  • FIG. 5 is an explanatory view of the low-pass filter matrix calculation process
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of gain correction coefficient generation free from any influences of a grid
  • FIG. 7 is a chart for explaining the grid direction calculation process
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory view of the conventional gain correction coefficient generation process.
  • FIG. 9 is a graph showing the relationship between the position and pixel on the basis of the absolute value
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing the arrangement of an image reading apparatus of this embodiment.
  • An object T is located between an X-ray generation means 10 and a solid-state imaging element 12 having a grid 11 and a scintillator 11a.
  • the output from the solid-state imaging element 12 is connected in turn to an A/D converter 13, look-up table 14, adder 15, and look-up table 16.
  • the output from a clock generator 17 is connected to a control circuit 18, the output of which is connected to the grid 11 via a position correction means 19.
  • the output of the control circuit 18 is connected to the adder 15 and look-up table 16 via the A/D converter 13, the look-up table 14, and a correction memory means 20.
  • the outputs of the look-up table 16, control circuit 18, and correction memory means 20 are connected to a bus 21, to which the outputs of a CPU 22, ROM 23, RAM 24, hard disk 25, and network device 26 are connected.
  • the output of the network device 26 is connected to an external apparatus 27.
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the position correction means 19.
  • a translation base 32 is located on the side surface of a base 30 via a translation actuator 31.
  • a support member 33 and rotation actuator 34 are placed on the translation base 32.
  • the grid 11 is rotatably supported by a fulcrum 33a provided to the support member 33 below its one side surface, and is attached to the rotation actuator 34 above the other side surface.
  • the actuators 31 and 34 use solenoids, motors, piezoelectric elements, and the like to translate the grid 11 in the directions of an arrow B and to rotate it in the direction of an arrow ⁇ in accordance with a signal from the control circuit 18, which is controlled by the CPU 22.
  • the solid-state imaging element 12 is placed behind the grid 11.
  • the image reading apparatus has a function of calculating any deviation between the grid direction and the pixel line-up direction of the solid-state imaging element 12 from the gain correction acquisition images in the grid direction calculation process after gain correction acquisition images are obtained, and aligning the grid direction in the gain correction acquisition images by the position correction means 19.
  • the CPU 22, ROM 23, RAM 24, and hard disk 25 control the entire system, and photographing is done in response to a command supplied from the CPU 22 to the control circuit 18.
  • the control circuit 18 operates in synchronism with the output from the clock generator 17.
  • Correction data acquisition images are photographed before normal photographing.
  • the CPU 22 loads linear tables onto the look-up tables 14 and 16, and gives a value of all "0"s to the correction memory means 20.
  • Data obtained by this method allows to collect a correction data acquisition image output from the A/D converter 13 as digital data.
  • the correction data acquisition image data is used to calculate the gain correction coefficient using the method to be described below, and the calculated gain correction coefficient is stored in a nonvolatile medium such as a hard disk or the like.
  • FIG. 3 shows the process for generating gain correction data from the collected correction data acquisition images, and this generation process includes a grid direction calculation process, low-pass filter matrix generation process, and gain correction coefficient calculation process.
  • FIG. 4 is a view for explaining the processing in the grid direction calculation process.
  • a vector V is calculated from a radius vector Vr and a vector Vw perpendicular to the radius vector Vr.
  • the vector V is calculated by the equation below while changing the radius vector Vr as a function of a rotation angle ⁇ .
  • the rotation angle ⁇ is increased in 0.1-radian increments from 0 radian to 1 radian, and the absolute value
  • of the collection width vector is changed from, e.g., 0 to 64 by one pixel each time, and the pixel value of a pixel that approximates the position indicated by the vector V is calculated.
  • FIG. 9 shows a plane defined by the 0th to 32nd pixels (i direction) which are associated with
  • when the rotation angle I 0 radian (rad).
  • Aij represents the pixel value of a pixel corresponding to the position indicated by the vector V(i, j)
  • the angle in the grid direction is the one that gives a maximum standard deviation of the accumulated value of the pixel values.
  • a radian value ⁇ 0 that maximizes the standard deviation D( ⁇ ) defines the deviation angle of the grid direction with respect to the pixel line-up direction of the solid-state imaging element.
  • a wavelength range which is likely to be that of the grid 11 is designated in advance, and a wavelength W 0 corresponding to a maximum amplitude of Fourier transformed data is obtained from this range. Then, the wavelength W 0 of the grid 11 having a pixel of the solid-state imaging element 12 as one unit can be calculated.
  • FIG. 5 shows the process of generating a low-pass filter matrix using the radian value ⁇ 0 of the deviation angle and the wavelength W 0 of the grid 11.
  • a low-pass filter matrix is generated by varying vectors Vx and Vy with respect to the radian value ⁇ 0 obtained in the previous process.
  • the vector Vx is changed so that Vx assumes a maximum absolute value at a size, for example, between W 0 /2 half the wavelength W 0 of the grid 11 and W 0 /16 one-sixteenth of the wavelength W 0 , and 1 is recorded at a position indicated by the vector sum Vy+Vx in the matrix.
  • the low-pass filter matrix that extracts a region whose size is between a half and a one-sixteenth of the grid width along the grid direction can be generated. Data averaged by using the low-pass filter matrix is then divided by a number of "1" in the matrix.
  • FIG. 6 is an explanatory view of the process for kernel-moving the low-pass filter matrix obtained in the previous process to a correction data acquisition image S while calculating it using a gain correction coefficient calculation formula:
  • Sij represents the sensor output
  • Lij represents the low-pass output
  • Cij represents the gain correction coefficient to be obtained.
  • log(Cij) is calculated using logarithmic conversion by subtraction:
  • the gain correction coefficient log (Cij) is saved in the hard disk 25 or RAM 24, and is used in normal photographing later.
  • the object T is located between the X-ray generation means 10 and solid-state imaging element 12, a linear-logarithmic conversion table for converting a linear function into a logarithmic function is loaded onto the look-up table 14, and a logarithmic-linear conversion table for converting a logarithmic function into a linear function is loaded onto the look-up table 16.
  • the gain correction coefficient data log (Cij) calculated in this embodiment is supplied to the correction memory means 20 to calculate:
  • Oij is the pixel value after gain correction
  • Iij is the input pixel value
  • data which is hardware-processed by logarithmic calculation and corrected with gain variations in units of pixels by the formula below, is output:
  • FIG. 7 shows the process for calculating an angle value ⁇ x the grid 11 makes with the solid-state imaging element 12 upon gain correction by a similar method.
  • the translation actuator 31 is used for finely adjusting the entire grid 11 in the right-and-left direction. In this way, the grid direction can be accurately finely adjusted to agree with the direction designated by the user.
  • the relative positional relationship can be positively varied, and the user can align the grid direction to have a given relationship with respect to the pixel line-up direction of the solid-state imaging element.
  • the technician or doctor can refer to an image in the accurately aligned grid direction.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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US09/219,894 1997-12-29 1998-12-24 Image reading apparatus Expired - Lifetime US6157700A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP36939997 1997-12-29
JP10-021472 1998-01-19
JP2147298 1998-01-19
JP9-369399 1998-01-19
JP37598398A JP3542512B2 (ja) 1997-12-29 1998-12-18 画像読取装置
JP10-375983 1998-12-18

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020025082A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2002-02-28 Kaushikkar Shantanu V. System, method, and computer software product for grid alignment of multiple scanned images
US6408049B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2002-06-18 General Electric Company Apparatus, methods, and computer programs for estimating and correcting scatter in digital radiographic and tomographic imaging
US6434218B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2002-08-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation photographing apparatus
US6690767B2 (en) 1998-10-29 2004-02-10 Direct Radiography Corp. Prototile motif for anti-scatter grids
US20040095638A1 (en) * 2001-03-17 2004-05-20 Thomas Engel Method for evaluating layers of images
US20040098584A1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2004-05-20 Sherman Edward G. Method and system for embedded, automated, component-level control of computer systems and other complex systems
US6795528B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2004-09-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiographic apparatus, radiographic method, and computer-readable storage medium
US20070019847A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2007-01-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation image processing apparatus, image processing system, radiation image processing method, storage medium, and program
US20090166541A1 (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Katsutoshi Tsuchiya Radiation imaging system, nuclear medicine diagnosis apparatus and positioning adjusting mechanism
US20090310754A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2009-12-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray detector gain calibration depending on the fraction of scattered radiation
US20110158388A1 (en) * 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Ken Hirooka Radiographic apparatus
US7992098B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2011-08-02 Affymetrix, Inc. System, method, and computer software product for linked window interfaces
US20130051514A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-02-28 Shimadzu Corporation Radiographic device
CN103379859A (zh) * 2011-02-15 2013-10-30 株式会社日立医疗器械 X射线图像诊断装置和图像显示方法
DE102013223392A1 (de) * 2013-11-15 2014-09-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Reduzierung von durch Abschattungen durch Streustrahlenraster entstehenden Artefakten, Röntgeneinrichtung und Computerprogramm
US20160269653A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2016-09-15 Flir Systems Ab Executable code in digital image files

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4838678B2 (ja) * 2006-09-26 2011-12-14 富士フイルム株式会社 放射線画像情報撮影装置
JP4853591B2 (ja) * 2008-12-01 2012-01-11 株式会社島津製作所 放射線撮像装置

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JPH02237277A (ja) * 1989-03-09 1990-09-19 Toshiba Corp Ｘ線診断装置
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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040098584A1 (en) * 1998-03-25 2004-05-20 Sherman Edward G. Method and system for embedded, automated, component-level control of computer systems and other complex systems
US6434218B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2002-08-13 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation photographing apparatus
US6690767B2 (en) 1998-10-29 2004-02-10 Direct Radiography Corp. Prototile motif for anti-scatter grids
US6408049B1 (en) * 1999-11-09 2002-06-18 General Electric Company Apparatus, methods, and computer programs for estimating and correcting scatter in digital radiographic and tomographic imaging
US6965704B2 (en) * 2000-08-22 2005-11-15 Affymetrix, Inc. System, method, and computer software product for grid alignment of multiple scanned images
US7992098B2 (en) 2000-08-22 2011-08-02 Affymetrix, Inc. System, method, and computer software product for linked window interfaces
US20020025082A1 (en) * 2000-08-22 2002-02-28 Kaushikkar Shantanu V. System, method, and computer software product for grid alignment of multiple scanned images
US6795528B2 (en) * 2001-01-12 2004-09-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiographic apparatus, radiographic method, and computer-readable storage medium
US20040095638A1 (en) * 2001-03-17 2004-05-20 Thomas Engel Method for evaluating layers of images
US7639856B2 (en) 2001-05-01 2009-12-29 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation image processing apparatus, image processing system, radiation image processing method, storage medium, and program
US20070019847A1 (en) * 2001-05-01 2007-01-25 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Radiation image processing apparatus, image processing system, radiation image processing method, storage medium, and program
US7920672B2 (en) * 2006-07-20 2011-04-05 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray detector gain calibration depending on the fraction of scattered radiation
US20090310754A1 (en) * 2006-07-20 2009-12-17 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. X-ray detector gain calibration depending on the fraction of scattered radiation
EP2083284A3 (en) * 2007-12-28 2011-05-25 Hitachi Ltd. Radiation imaging systems, nuclear medicine diagnosis apparatus and positioning adjusting mechanism
US20090166541A1 (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Katsutoshi Tsuchiya Radiation imaging system, nuclear medicine diagnosis apparatus and positioning adjusting mechanism
US8253108B2 (en) 2007-12-28 2012-08-28 Hitachi, Ltd. Radiation imaging system, nuclear medicine diagnosis apparatus and positioning adjusting mechanism
US10645310B2 (en) * 2008-12-24 2020-05-05 Flir Systems Ab Executable code in digital image files
US20160269653A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2016-09-15 Flir Systems Ab Executable code in digital image files
US8406376B2 (en) 2009-12-29 2013-03-26 Shimadzu Corporation Radiographic apparatus
US20110158388A1 (en) * 2009-12-29 2011-06-30 Ken Hirooka Radiographic apparatus
CN103379859A (zh) * 2011-02-15 2013-10-30 株式会社日立医疗器械 X射线图像诊断装置和图像显示方法
CN103379859B (zh) * 2011-02-15 2015-09-09 株式会社日立医疗器械 X射线图像诊断装置和图像显示方法
US8867699B2 (en) * 2011-08-31 2014-10-21 Shimadzu Corporation Radiographic device
US20130051514A1 (en) * 2011-08-31 2013-02-28 Shimadzu Corporation Radiographic device
DE102013223392A1 (de) * 2013-11-15 2014-09-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Reduzierung von durch Abschattungen durch Streustrahlenraster entstehenden Artefakten, Röntgeneinrichtung und Computerprogramm

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JPH11285493A (ja) 1999-10-19

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