US6025895A - Liquid crystal display with mutually oriented and dispersed birefringent polymer and liquid crystal and random oriented twist alignment - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display with mutually oriented and dispersed birefringent polymer and liquid crystal and random oriented twist alignment Download PDF

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US6025895A
US6025895A US08/687,342 US68734296A US6025895A US 6025895 A US6025895 A US 6025895A US 68734296 A US68734296 A US 68734296A US 6025895 A US6025895 A US 6025895A
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liquid crystal
display device
crystal display
polymer
substrates
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Masayuki Yazaki
Hidekazu Kobayashi
Shuhei Yamada
Hidehito Iisaka
Yutaka Tsuchiya
Eiji Chino
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
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Seiko Epson Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/06—Substrate layer characterised by chemical composition
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G02F1/13345—Network or three-dimensional gels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G02F1/133765—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers without a surface treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and a method for producing the same, and more particularly, to a liquid crystal display device comprising the display component of an information equipment terminal, television or home appliance product, and a method of producing the same.
  • Liquid crystal display devices by means of the TN mode, are utilized as reflective displays in small display capacity equipment, while liquid crystal display devices, by means of the FTN mode, are utilized in mid-range display capacity equipment.
  • an information input apparatus such as a tablet or the like, is included on the reflective-type display are also expanding, and brightness and good visibility are required in reflective-type liquid crystal display devices.
  • TFT thin film transistor
  • MIM metal-insulator-metal
  • Directivity is when the light scattering efficiency changes based on the direction of the external incident light, for example the brightness changes as the panel is rotated, and the problem then arises that the visibility is easily influenced by the usage environment.
  • the twisting of the liquid crystal is small, the directivity is larger. Accordingly, the twisting of the liquid crystal should be made larger in order to resolve this problem, but when this is done, the driving voltage becomes large, and consequently, making the twisting larger is impossible from the standpoint of the driving voltage.
  • the present invention was made in order to solve these types of problems, and its purpose is to provide a liquid crystal display device, through controlling to a new orientation state a liquid crystal that is mutually orientation-dispersed with a polymer, which can be operated at low voltage, which is bright, which has a high contrast ratio, which has improved scatter directivity, and in which visibility has only a low dependence on the usage environment.
  • the present invention provides a liquid crystal display device wherein a liquid crystal and polymer with refraction index anisotropy are located in mutual orientation dispersion between two substrates whose surfaces have each undergone orientation treatment and on each of which are formed electrodes, and wherein the liquid crystal is randomly oriented near the substrate surfaces roughly parallel to the substrate surfaces, and is twist oriented between the substrates.
  • the liquid crystal is twist oriented between the substrates, but because it is randomly oriented roughly parallel to the substrate surfaces near the substrate surfaces, scatter directivity disappears.
  • Substrate surface orientation treatment is preferably done by forming an alignment membrane on the substrate surface.
  • the substrate surfaces not undergo rubbing treatment; this way the liquid crystal can easily be randomly oriented roughly parallel to the substrate surfaces near the substrate surfaces.
  • the liquid crystal be evenly multidomained within a face parallel to the substrate surfaces, so that within each domain the alignment direction of the liquid crystal is aligned, and so that each domain exists in a random direction within a face parallel to the substrate surfaces, and so that within each domain the liquid crystal is twist oriented between the substrates.
  • each domain it is preferable that the size of each domain be between 0.4 and 10 ⁇ m. If under 0.4 ⁇ m, scattering is weak, while when 10 ⁇ m is exceeded, each orientation domain becomes identified.
  • the liquid crystal twist angle be 360° or less. When it is over 360°, the operation voltage becomes too high, and operation cannot be done with the usual nonlinear elements. It is particularly preferable that the liquid crystal twist angle be between 30 and 180°.
  • the liquid crystal contain a chiral component.
  • the liquid crystal contain a dichroic dye.
  • one of the electrodes be formed of a reflective material, so that the present invention can be suitably applied to the liquid crystal display device of a reflective type.
  • a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal display device consisting of a process for forming each of the first and second electrodes on each of the first and second substrates, a process for forming alignment films on the surfaces of each of the first and the second substrates, a process for forming an hollow panel from the first substrate and the second substrate without subjecting the first and second substrate surfaces to rubbing treatment, a process for placing between the first and second substrates in the hollow panel a liquid crystal mixed material of a liquid crystal composite and a polymer or polymer precursor, and a process to subsequently deposit the polymer from the liquid crystal compound and cause the general separation of the liquid crystal and the polymer.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material twist orients between the first and second substrates, but near the substrate surfaces it is oriented roughly parallel to the substrate surfaces.
  • the liquid crystal orientation state can be preserved at the orientation state of the liquid crystal mixed material before general separation, and while the liquid crystal twist orients between the first and second substrates, it can still be randomly oriented roughly parallel with the substrate surfaces near the substrate surfaces.
  • an ultraviolet cured monomer be used for the polymer precursor, and that the polymer be separated out and liquid crystal and polymer general separation be accomplished by irradiating the liquid crystal mixed material with ultraviolet rays and polymerizing the monomer.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross section drawing of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a chart showing the electro-optical properties of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a chart showing the scatter directivity of the liquid crystal display device of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross section drawing of the liquid crystal display device of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross section drawing of the liquid crystal display device of the third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a chart showing the scatter directivity of the liquid crystal display device of comparative example 1.
  • FIG. 1 A cross section drawing of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 1.
  • On lower substrate 108 is formed reflecting picture element electrode 107, which is patterned, after approximately 2000 angstrom of chrome is formed on it by spattering.
  • On the top side of substrate 101 is formed transference picture element electrode 102, which is patterned, after approximately 1500 angstrom of ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) is formed by spattering.
  • On these two substrates 108 and 101 is applied and baked a polyimide alignment membrane (Optomer AL1254, made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co.), and each of parallel alignment films 106 and 103 is made.
  • rubbing treatment is not performed. Then, by placing the two substrates with a cavity of 5 ⁇ m and joining together and fixing the substrate borders, a hollow panel is obtained.
  • liquid crystal A for the liquid crystal, TL-213 (made by Merck) and MJ92786 (made by Merck) are mixed at a 7:3 ratio and used (hereafter referred to as liquid crystal A), and to this are mixed, as a chiral component, R1011 (made by Merck) at 0.15 weight percent and as a dichroic dye, M361, SI-512, and M137 (all made by Mitsui Toatsu Senryo) at, respectively, 1.0 weight percent, 1.5 weight percent, and 0.4 weight percent.
  • biphenyl methacrylate is used as a polymer precursor. After the above is heat-mixed and made into a liquid crystal state, it is vacuum enclosed in the previously-explained hollow panel. Then, after the liquid crystal mixed material is heat treated past the temperature at which is shown isotropy, quenching treatment to 25° C. is performed.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material enclosed in the hollow panel is randomly oriented parallel near the substrate surfaces, and it is inspected with a polarization microscope to see that it is in a state of being twisted approximately 90° between substrates 101 and 108. Also, it is inspected to see that the randomly oriented liquid crystal mixed material orientation domains are even multidomains at the level of about 1-3 ⁇ m.
  • Liquid crystal 105 is inspected with a polarization microscope to see that it shows the orientation state from before ultraviolet irradiation, or in other words that it is randomly oriented parallel near the substrate surfaces, that it is twisted approximately 90° between substrates 101 and 108, and that the randomly oriented liquid crystal orientation domains are multidomains at the level of about 1-3 ⁇ m. Also, it is confirmed with a polarization microscope that polymer 104 and liquid crystal 105 are in a structure mutually oriented between the substrates and dispersed.
  • FIG. 2 are shown the liquid crystal display device electro-optical properties obtained in the present embodiment.
  • the electro-optical properties show a threshold characteristic, and through voltage application, a normally black characteristic of increasing reflectance is obtained.
  • a black display is obtained through the absorption of dichroic dye, and when voltage is sufficiently applied, the liquid crystal is oriented along the electric field direction, so the alignment direction of the polymer and liquid crystal differs and discontinuous points in the refraction index arise in the medium, so it enters a light scattering state.
  • the dichroic dye is also oriented along the electric field direction, so absorption becomes extremely small, and a white display is obtained.
  • the measured results of the electro-optical properties of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment are shown.
  • a 100 Hz rectangular wave was applied on the liquid crystal display device, and light was sent in from a direction 30° (angle of incidence 30°) angled from the display device surface normal line (panel normal line) direction, in all directions (360°), and the reflected light responding to the incident light normal line direction is detected.
  • the area of detection is 2 mm in diameter. Reflectance of 100% is standardized at the luminance of the perfect diffusion plate surface.
  • the change in reflectance of the panel normal line direction was measured.
  • V10 is 1.9V
  • V90 is 3.4V
  • the maximum reflectance is 78%.
  • FIG. 3 scatter directivity measurement results when incidence angle ⁇ is 30° and voltage 3.8V is applied.
  • the drive voltage is reduced sharply for a polymer dispersed type liquid crystal display device using a polymer dispersed liquid crystal in which liquid crystal and polymer are mutually orientation dispersed.
  • maximum reflectance which becomes the index of brightness, is high, for a good level of brightness.
  • FIG. 4 a cross section drawing of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
  • the lower substrate 409 is a MIM substrate manufactured through two photoprocesses. In the substrate process, after spattering Ta, it is patterned in the desired shape (first photoprocess), and next the Ta is anodized, and on the Ta surface insulating membrane Ta 2 O 5 is formed.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material consisting of the same liquid crystal, dichroic dye, chiral component and polymer precursor as in the first embodiment, is vacuum enclosed in the hollow panels.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material enclosed in the panel just as in the first embodiment, is inspected with a polarization microscope to see that it is parallel oriented near the substrate surfaces, and in a state of being twisted approximately 90° between substrates 401 and 409, and also it is inspected to see that the randomly oriented liquid crystal orientation domains are even multidomains at the level of approximately 1-3 ⁇ m.
  • Liquid crystal 405 is inspected with a polarization microscope to see that it shows the orientation state from before ultraviolet radiation, or in other words that it is randomly oriented parallel near the substrate surfaces, that it is twisted approximately 90° between substrates 401 and 409, and also that the randomly oriented liquid crystal domains are even multidomains at the level of about 1-3 ⁇ m. Also, it is confirmed with a polarization microscope that polymer 404 and liquid crystal 405 are in a structure mutually oriented between the substrates and dispersed.
  • liquid crystal display device When the liquid crystal display device thus obtained is MIM operated at 1/480 duty, under the measurement conditions of the first embodiment, maximum reflectance is 63%, and contrast is 11. Also, there is no directivity to the scatter when voltage is applied, thus making it possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device with superior portability, vision characteristics, and visibility. In addition, when nonglare treatment and nonreflecting coating are administered to the surface of this liquid crystal display device, background reflection is reduced and visibility is greatly improved. In addition, in the present embodiment, reflecting electrodes are placed on the MIM substrate, but it is also possible to form reflecting electrodes on the facing substrate side.
  • FIG. 5 a cross section drawing of the liquid crystal display device of the present embodiment.
  • Upper substrate 501 is a MIM substrate manufactured through three photoprocesses. After Ta is spattered, it is patterned in the desired shape (first photoprocess), then Ta is anodized, and on the Ta surfaces is formed insulating membrane Ta 2 O 5 .
  • both substrates after they are spin coated with Optomer AL 1254 made by Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., are baked for one hour at 150° C., and parallel alignment films 504 and 507 are formed.
  • the two substrates thus obtained are placed with a cavity of 5 ⁇ m and their borders are joined and fixed, making a hollow panel with a five inch diagonal.
  • rubbing treatment is not performed.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material consisting of the same liquid crystal, dichroic dye, chiral component and polymer precursor as in the first embodiment, is vacuum enclosed in the hollow panels.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material enclosed in the panel just as in the first embodiment, is inspected with a polarization microscope to see that it is parallel oriented near the substrate surfaces, and in a state of being twisted approximately 90° between substrates 501 and 510, and also it is inspected to see that the randomly oriented liquid crystal orientation domains are even multidomains at the level of approximately 1-3 ⁇ m.
  • Liquid crystal 506 is inspected with a polarization microscope to see that it shows the orientation state from before ultraviolet radiation, or in other words that it is randomly oriented parallel near the substrate surfaces, that it is twisted approximately 90° between substrates 501 and 510, and also that the randomly oriented liquid crystal domains are even multidomains at the level of about 1-3 ⁇ m. Also it is confirmed with a polarization microscope that polymer 505 and liquid crystal 506 are in a mutually oriented structure between the substrates and dispersed.
  • liquid crystal display device obtained in this way, when the voltage is off, a blank display is obtained through the absorption of the dichroic dye, and a color display is obtained by applying voltage on each color picture element Also, when MIM operation is performed at 1/480 duty, reflectance is 32%, and contrast is 12. Also, an eight grade display and a 512 color display are possible. In addition, there is no directivity to the scatter when voltage is applied, making it possible to obtain a liquid crystal display device with superior portability, vision characteristics, and visibility. In addition, when nonglare treatment and nonreflecting treatment are administered to the surface of this liquid crystal display device, background reflection is reduced and visibility is greatly improved.
  • transference electrodes are placed on the MIM substrate, but it is also possible to place reflecting electrodes on the MIM substrate, and to form color filters on them.
  • the color filter structure used in the present embodiment need not be limited to red, green and blue; any structure capable of reproducing natural colors may be used in the same way.
  • a liquid crystal display device with a structure having a twist orientation of 90°, which is not multidomained.
  • an alignment membrane is used wherein the polyimide film has undergone one-direction rubbing treatment, and the hollow panel is constructed so that rubbing direction on the upper and lower substrates is 90°.
  • the materials used are the same as in the first embodiment.
  • the liquid crystal mixed material shown in the first embodiment is enclosed, and the polymer is separated from within the liquid crystal by irradiating ultraviolet rays at an illumination intensity of 5 mW/Cm 2 (wavelength 350 nm) for seven minutes, and the liquid crystal display device is completed.
  • the result of scatter directivity measurement in the same way as the first embodiment is shown in FIG. 6. Reflectance varies widely depending on the direction of incidence of the light, and strong scatter directivity is displayed.
  • a dichroic dye is added to the liquid crystal, but it is not necessary to add the dichroic dye. If the dichroic dye is not added, the black level increases slightly when voltage is not applied, but the absorption of the dichroic dye is eliminated when no voltage is applied, so the maximum reflectance increases and brightness improves. Also, when low-reflectance, reflecting electrodes are used, or when a light absorption layer is placed on the reflecting electrodes, there is no particular necessity to add a dichroic dye.
  • twist angles of 90°, but they are not limited to this. It is preferable that the twist angle be 360° or less, and it is particularly preferable that it be between 30-180°. When the twist angle is close to 0°, the twist orientation is not stable, and when it exceeds 360°, the operating voltage is high, and operation is impossible with the usual nonlinear elements.
  • the chiral component that determines the twist angle can be added in appropriate amounts corresponding to the set d/p (cell thickness/liquid crystal torsion pitch).
  • the material used in normal TN and STN be used in the same way.
  • the oriented domains made by the random parallel orientation of the liquid crystal near the substrate surface be formed with evenness when voltage is not applied and from scattering when voltage is applied, with a uniform size of 0.4-10 ⁇ m. If it is under 0.4 ⁇ m, scatter is weak, and at over 10 ⁇ m, each orientation domain becomes identified. Also, at such a size as mentioned above, to form even multidomains, it is preferable that the method be used of heating and making isotropic the liquid crystal mixed material and then quenching it.
  • a polyimide film was used, but in addition, a polyamide membrane, a SiO oblique evaporation membrane, or polyvinyl alcohol may be used effectively.
  • soda glass, quartz, non-alkali glass, silicon monocrystal, sapphire substrate, thermosetting polymer, thermoplastic polymer, or the like may be suitably used.
  • the polymer material used in the substrates is not particularly limited as long as it does not have a negative effect on the liquid crystal and polymer contained between the substrates, and PET, polyethyl sulfone, epoxy hardening resin, phenoxy resin, polyallyl ether or the like may be suitably used.
  • the reflective electrodes are Cr in the first and second embodiment and Al--Mg in the third embodiment, but a metal such as Al, Cr, Mg, Ag, Au, Pt or the like, or alloys of these may be effectively used.
  • Cr or an Al--Mg alloy are preferable from the standpoint of stability and reflectance, and in the case of the Al-Mg alloy, it is desirable that Mg be added in the amount of 0.1 to 100 by weight.
  • the liquid crystal what is normally used in liquid crystal display devices may be effectively used, but in order to improve the degree of scattering, it is desirable that the multiple refractivity anisotropy An of the liquid crystal is equal to or greater than 0.15. Also, in order to drive a non-linear device, it is desirable that the relative resistivity values of the liquid crystal alone be equal to or greater than 1.0 ⁇ 10 9 ⁇ cm, and more preferably, equal to or greater than 1.0 ⁇ 10 10 ⁇ cm in order to increase the retention rate and improve the display quality.
  • the dichroic dye it is preferable to use azo, anthraquinone, naphthoquinone, perylene, quinophthalone, azomethyn or the like that are normally used in the GH (guest-host) display format. of these, in terms of light resistance, it is particularly preferable to use anthraquinone alone or a mixture of this with another dichroic dye, as necessary. These dichroic dyes may be mixed depending on the color needed.
  • any material can be used, as long as it exhibits refractivity anisotropy after polymerization and orientation disperses with the liquid crystal, but from the standpoint of simplicity in the liquid crystal display device manufacture, it is desirable to use an ultraviolet cured type monomer.
  • a monofunctional methacrylate, bifunctional methacrylate or multifunctional methacrylate are preferably used.
  • materials containing biphenyl, terphenyl or quarterphenyl lattice are desirable. These monomers may also contain a chiral component.
  • MIM elements were used as the two terminal nonlinear elements, but besides MIM elements, lateral type MIM elements, back-to-back type MIM elements, MSI elements, diode ring elements, varistor elements and the like may be used. Also, three terminal nonlinear elements may of course be used, and for three terminal nonlinear elements, polysilicone TFT elements, amorphous silicone TFT elements, and Cd-Se TFT elements may be used.
  • the operating voltage of the liquid crystal display device of the present invention is reduced to the TN mode level, it is possible to sufficiently operate the MIM elements and TFT elements and greatly improve brightness and contrast. Through this, it is possible, in the case where it is made as a reflecting type color liquid crystal display device, to increase the number of display colors and visibility. Also, high voltage resistant drivers become unnecessary, making possible reductions in electric power consumption and cost.
  • liquid crystal display device of the present invention brightness, vision characteristics, and visibility are improved by controlling scatter directivity.
  • the present invention may be used as a liquid crystal display device suitable for portable applications where many various environments may be assumed.
  • the present invention is of active matrix operation, and may be used as a reflecting type large capacity display with low electric power consumption and superior display quality.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
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US08/687,342 1994-12-01 1995-12-01 Liquid crystal display with mutually oriented and dispersed birefringent polymer and liquid crystal and random oriented twist alignment Expired - Lifetime US6025895A (en)

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JP6-298439 1994-12-01
JP29843994 1994-12-01
PCT/JP1995/002461 WO1996017272A1 (fr) 1994-12-01 1995-12-01 Element d'affichage a cristaux liquides et son procede de production

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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US6233028B1 (en) * 1996-10-25 2001-05-15 U.S. Philips Corporation Plasma-addressed liquid crystal display with reduced column voltages
US6449028B1 (en) * 1998-06-12 2002-09-10 Asulab S.A. Liquid crystal display device having sealing frame and/or spacers formed of anisotropic polymer used to align the liquid crystal molecules
US6483559B1 (en) * 1998-12-01 2002-11-19 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Reflection type liquid crystal display with layer comprising liquid crystal compound and liquid crystal polymer being twist-aligned
US6486928B1 (en) * 1998-06-10 2002-11-26 Saint-Gobian Glass France Electrically controllable system having a separate functional component for controlling light transmission that includes at least one transparent layer slowing photo reduction degradation of an active element
US6630969B2 (en) * 1997-12-17 2003-10-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Polymer dispersion type liquid crystal display panel and manufacturing method thereof
US6808766B1 (en) * 1998-08-26 2004-10-26 Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. Liquid crystal alignment agent and liquid crystal device using the liquid crystal alignment and method for alignment of liquid crystal molecules
US20050078266A1 (en) * 2001-11-28 2005-04-14 Roosendaal Sander Jurgen Colour liquid crystal display device
US7274413B1 (en) * 2002-12-06 2007-09-25 United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Flexible video display apparatus and method
CN103543550A (zh) * 2012-07-12 2014-01-29 精工爱普生株式会社 屏幕以及图像显示系统

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JP3497098B2 (ja) * 1999-05-25 2004-02-16 シャープ株式会社 液晶表示素子
GB9928126D0 (en) 1999-11-30 2000-01-26 Secr Defence Bistable nematic liquid crystal device
CN102967962B (zh) * 2012-11-26 2015-01-14 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 一种透明聚合物分散液晶显示装置及其制造方法与应用
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CN103543550A (zh) * 2012-07-12 2014-01-29 精工爱普生株式会社 屏幕以及图像显示系统

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JP3659975B2 (ja) 2005-06-15

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