US5424831A - Method and apparatus for measuring a plurality of light waveguides - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for measuring a plurality of light waveguides Download PDF

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US5424831A
US5424831A US08/099,941 US9994193A US5424831A US 5424831 A US5424831 A US 5424831A US 9994193 A US9994193 A US 9994193A US 5424831 A US5424831 A US 5424831A
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transmission
light
measured
waveguides
light waveguides
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US08/099,941
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Rainer Kossat
Winfried Lieber
Manfred Loch
Gervin Ruegenberg
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M11/00—Testing of optical apparatus; Testing structures by optical methods not otherwise provided for
    • G01M11/30—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides
    • G01M11/35—Testing of optical devices, constituted by fibre optics or optical waveguides in which light is transversely coupled into or out of the fibre or waveguide, e.g. using integrating spheres

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  • An object of the present invention is to create a measuring instrument with whose assistance optical transmission characteristics of a plurality of light waveguides can be selectively registered in a simple and reliable way.
  • the plurality of transmission elements is equal to the plurality of light waveguides
  • an exact, unambiguous alignment or, respectively, allocation of the transmission radiation fields onto the infeed section or, respectively, regions of the light waveguides to be measured is no longer necessary.
  • a modulation means can be provided for generating distinguishable transmission radiation fields or work can be carried out with different transmission frequencies. This offers the advantage that distinguishable transmission radiation fields can be simultaneously coupled into the infeed section of the light waveguides to be measured.
  • the invention is also directed to a method for measuring optical transmission characteristics of light waveguides, whereby the optical transmitter for the infeed of test signals is coupled to the respective light waveguides to be measured, whereby the infed test signals are coupled out and registered in an optical receiver with the assistance of at least one reception element and wherein the outfed test signals are evaluated in an allocated evaluation means, with the improvements being the illumination spot of a respective transmission radiation field is being distinguishably supplied to the light waveguides in the optical transmitter along a respective infeed section of the light waveguides, in that reception radiation fields of the light waveguides to be measured are required and an optical receiver with the assistance of the reception element and distinguishably measured signals are generated therefrom, and in that these measured signals are separately evaluated in the evaluation means connected to the reception element.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial perspective illustration of a schematic overall structure of an optical instrument in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a detail schematic illustration with perspective illustrations of the transmission side structure of the measuring instrument of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic illustration of a first modification of the optical transmitter of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a third exemplary embodiment of the optical transmitter for the device of FIG. 1.
  • the principles of the present invention are particularly useful when incorporated in a measuring instrument ME illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the measuring instrument ME includes a transmission coupling means SK1 having an optical transmitter means OT1 together with a coupling device KV1 for the infeed means of the instrument.
  • the instrument ME also includes a multiple splice means MS1, an optical receiver means OR1 and an evaluation means AE1. These components can be expediently combined to form the measuring apparatus, particularly a portable box-type measuring instrument. However, it can also advantageously be a component part of a light waveguide splicing device or of a light waveguide attenuation measurement device.
  • the invention also enables the selective identification of further optical transmission characteristics, such as, for example, the phase delays, pulse responses, line attenuations, etc.
  • further optical transmission characteristics such as, for example, the phase delays, pulse responses, line attenuations, etc.
  • a ribbon conductor BL1 having light waveguides LW1 through LWn and a second ribbon conductor BL2 having light waveguides LW1* through LWn* are to be spliced together opposite one another in an multiple splicing means MS1.
  • the light waveguides LW1 through LWn are embedded nearly parallel to one another in a flat, approximately rectangular outer envelope AH1 of a plastic material of the ribbon conductor BL1.
  • This outer envelope AH1 is only indicated in the left-hand part of FIG. 1 and has been omitted in the rest of the drawings for the sake of clarity.
  • the light waveguides LW1* through LWn* of the ribbon conductor BL2 are arranged side-by-side approximately parallel and mechanically connected to one another in an outer envelope AH2 that is likewise approximately rectangular.
  • the outer envelope AH2 of the ribbon conductor BL2 has only been shown in the right-hand part of FIG. 1 and has otherwise been omitted.
  • the light waveguides LW1 through LWn are placed approximately arcuately around a cylinder bending block ZT1 of a flexural coupler BK1.
  • the circumference of the bending block ZT1 of the flexural coupler BK1 comprises a guide channel FN1, whose width roughly corresponds to the width of the ribbon conductor BL1 which is to be placed thereon.
  • the optical transmitter means OT1 comprises transmission elements TE0 through TEm (FIG. 2) that can output transmission radiation fields TF0 through TFm in the direction onto the light waveguides LW1 through LWn, which have been held in a curved path in the coupling region of the flexural coupler BK1.
  • the transmission elements TE0 through TEm are arranged in the optical transmitter means OT1 in a transmission line SZ framed with dot-dash lines that extend on the left-hand side of the flexural coupler BK1 in the proximity of the coupling region thereof with equal light waveguides LW1 through LWn proceeding in the curve transversely relative to one another along the longitudinal axis of the ribbon conductor BL1.
  • the arrangement of the transmission elements TE0 through TEm is, thus, matched to a particular extent to the structured arrangement of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn to be measured in the coupler BK1.
  • Laser diodes are advantageously suitable as transmission elements TE0 through TEm, and these are expediently combined in the form of a line or, respectively, of an array, for example an array sold by Epitaxx Company. Individual laser diodes or LEDs can also be expediently employed as transmission elements TE0 through TEm.
  • the transmission elements TE0 through TEm in the transmission line SZ are activated in chronological succession by a drive means ASV1 on the basis of control signals AS0 through ASm that are transmitted on control lines AL0 through ALm.
  • the transmission elements TE0 through TEm are, thus, driven in time-division multiplex mode, wherein they generate chronologically distinguishable transmission radiation fields TF0 through TFm.
  • Their selective infeed along a respective infeed section or, respectively, infeed region TC1 through TCn of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn proceeds arcuately thereat is achieved by a corresponding arrangement and alignment of the transmission elements TE0 through TEm of the transmission lines SZ.
  • All transmission radiation fields are thereby preferably aligned parallel so that, for example, given their chronological successively occurring "firing" in identical chronological spacings, the resultant luminous spot migrates along a line from, for example, below (beginning at the infeed section TC1) and extending toward the top ending at the infeed section TCn.
  • the luminous spots LF0 through LFm each, respectively, preferably comprise an axial expanse in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn along the respective infeed stations TC1 through TCn that is selected at least equal to half the thickness of the light waveguide ribbon, for example generally at least 200 ⁇ m.
  • Their width transversely relative to the longitudinal direction of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn to be measured is selected smaller than the spacing between the longitudinal axes of two neighboring light waveguides. What is thereby assured is that every luminous spot LF0 through LFm respectively feeds light into only one of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn and not into a plurality of light waveguides.
  • FIG. 2 shows the case a), wherein there are more transmission elements TE0 through TEm than there are light waveguides LW1 through LWn. In other words, m>n. It is assumed for this applied example that, respectively, three successive transmission elements are allocated to each light waveguide. For example, the transmission elements TE0, TE1 and TE2 are allocated to the waveguide LW1. Thus, the radiation fields TF0 through TF2 generated by the transmission elements TE0 through TE2 generate luminous spots LF0 through LF2 that are spatially disposed so that they only produce an infeed into the light waveguide LW1. By contrast, the next neighboring light waveguide LW2 is not charged by the radiation fields of the transmission elements TE1 through TE2.
  • one transmission element would be allocated to exactly one light waveguide in the present example.
  • the transmission radiation fields indicated with dot-dash lines would, thus, be respectively eliminated, and what this would mean for the light waveguide LW1 is that the transmission element TE0 and the transmission element TE2 are omitted and, consequently, so are the radiation fields TF0 and TF2 indicated in dot-dash lines.
  • one radiation field, for example TF1, of one transmission element, for example TE1 will illuminate exactly one light waveguide LW1. Since there is no longer any redundancy with respect to a light waveguide in view of the "illumination" by radiation fields, the allocation and alignment of the transmission elements must be undertaken with optimum exactness in order to be able to implement an unambiguous and reliable measurement here.
  • reception radiation fields RF0 through RFm are coupled out of the coupling region of the flexural coupler BK2 along outfeed sections RC1 through RCn of the arcuately guided light waveguides LW1* through LWn*.
  • the transmission elements TE0 through TEm are activated in chronological succession in the example under consideration, the radiation fields RF0 through RFm appear in a corresponding chronological sequence. They are, therefore, respectively, completely picked up in chronological succession, i.e., sequentially by a common light sensitive element GLE of the receiver means, which element will convert the signals into respective electrical measured signals DS2 and transmit them via a line DL2 to a digitizing element SUH of an evaluation means AE1.
  • the outfeed of the reception radiation field via the open end faces of the waveguides LW1 through LWn to be measured, which are accessible at the output side, is also possible for evaluating the measured signals l0 through lm.
  • the flexural coupler BK2 is then eliminated whereas the other components of the optical receiver OR1 work in the same way as set forth above.
  • An automatic recognition of the plurality and of the exact position of the individual cores, i.e., a fiber identification, is thereby also possible. This is also true of an arbitrary arrangement of the fibers within the multi-fiber structure of the respective ribbon.
  • the invention also yields the further possibility of evaluating the quality of the alignment of the fiber ends in the region of the multiple splice means MS1.
  • the curve of the envelopes EH1, EH2 and EH3 thus show that the appertaining light waveguide pairs LW1/LW1*, LW2/LW2* and LW3/LW3* are relatively well-aligned with respect to one another.
  • the envelope EH5 having the light waveguide combination LW5/LW5* and with respect to the envelope EH7 with the light waveguide combination LW7/LW7*.
  • the maximums M1, M2, M3, M5 and M7 of the envelopes EH1, EH2, EH3, EH5 and EH7 lie above a tolerance or, respectively, threshold level that can be defined as the criterion for the acceptable splice result.
  • the light waveguide combinations LW4/LW4* represented by the envelope EH4 and LW6/LW6* represented by the envelope EH6 both exhibit an extremely deficient alignment within the multiple splice means MS1.
  • the operator can, thus, decide without further ado whether a readjustment within the splicing means MS1 should be carried out or, respectively, whether a splice already carried out, for example by welding or fusion, must be implemented again, due to insufficient quality because of, for example, the envelopes EH4 and EH6 having their maximums M4 and M6 lying below the defined tolerance or acceptable level.
  • the transmitter and the receiver of FIG. 1 and the corresponding embodiments according to FIGS. 2 through 5 are expediently constructed so that, in particular, their transmission powers and their receiver sensitivities are designed such that the measuring instrument ME works for different colored individual fibers and, thus, for different coupling factors within the fiber ribbon.
  • the different infeed and outfeed efficiencies for different light waveguides connected therewith lead to a different reception level.
  • the apparatus is in the position to automatically recognize the exact position and the plurality of light waveguides.
  • m >>n in the embodiment of FIG. 2 and quite particularly true of the following embodiments according to FIGS. 3 through 5.
  • the transmission element TE1 would be present for the light waveguide LW1 given, for example, omission of the transmission elements TE0 and TE2.
  • This transmission element TE1 accordingly would, likewise, generate only one recognition signal or one reception signal Cl1 at the light waveguide LW1*.
  • This reception signal Cl1 is shown in solid lines and referred to as Cl1 in the present example.
  • the two ribbon conductors BL1 and BL2 can be shifted relative to one another and can be aligned to one another in the multiple splicing device MS1 in FIG. 1 with the assistance of two adjustment elements SG1 and SG2 as setting means.
  • An operator can manually implement this with, for example, the assistance of two manual controls H1 and H2 shown in broken lines in FIG. 1.
  • the manual control H1 the operator can actuate the adjustment element SG1 with a control signal SS1 via a control line SL1.
  • the adjustment element SG2 can be displaced with the hand control H2 on the basis of the control signal SS2 on a control line SL2.
  • a central processor unit CPU can also assume this alignment event.
  • the central processor unit is connected by a line DL4 to the measured value memory MEM and receives a signal DS4 from the memory MEM, which signal will have the intensity distributions l.
  • the central processor unit will check whether all maximums M1 through M7 lie above the tolerance value and send signals on lines SL1 and SL2 to the elements SG1 and SG2. When all maximums M1 through M7 lie above the tolerance value, the central processor unit CPU will then stop the displacement event of the splicing means MS1 and also stop the infeed cycle in that it will transmit a control signal SS3 via a control line SL3 to the drive means ASV1 and instruct the latter to end the multiplex mode for the transmission elements TE0 through TEm.
  • the measuring apparatus ME was set forth above in time-division multiplex. Additionally or, in particular, independent thereof, the measuring apparatus ME of FIG. 1 can also be operated in a different way.
  • a modulation means MO in the optical transmitter OT1.
  • This modulation means MO is shown in broken lines in FIG. 1 and is connected to the drive means ASV1 by a line ML.
  • the modulation means MO controls the drive means ASV1 with a control signal MS so that the drive means ASV1 will simultaneously activate a plurality of or all transmission elements TE0 through TEm with the control signals AS0 through ASm.
  • the transmission radiation fields thereof are, thus, simultaneously coupled with different modulation or, respectively, transmission frequencies in the light waveguides LW1 through LWn to be measured and not in time-division multiplex mode.
  • a separate frequency or modulation can be allocated to every transmission element TE0 through TEm, i.e., 21 different frequencies or modulations are required for the example of FIG. 2.
  • the signal simultaneously captured by the reception element GE1 from all light waveguides now contains differently sized parts of the different frequencies or modulations of the transmission diodes.
  • the individual levels are acquired therefrom with a filter unit (shown in broken lines) or with a demodulator FU, and these individual levels are then separately and selectively supplied to the digitization unit SUH and are further processed analogous to the evaluation which has already been set forth hereinabove.
  • FU can, for example, contain a corresponding plurality of different filters or, in the case of modulation, correspondingly different demodulators. Compared to pure time-division multiplex, this method offers the advantage that the measured values of all fibers can be simultaneously made available in parallel.
  • FIGS. 3 through 5 show three additional possibilities of how distinguishable transmission radiation fields can be respectively coupled into the light waveguides to be measured and being coupled thereinto with transmission coupling devices of SK2 through SK4 as infeed means.
  • a transmission coupling means SK2 has only a single light source LA1, which is preferably a laser that is provided in the optical transmitter OT3.
  • This laser LA1 directs a light ray Ll onto a mirror RS which rotates around a rotational axis RA.
  • the rotational direction is indicated by the arrow RV.
  • the rotating mirror RS comprises a plurality of preferably 10 to 60 reflecting faces RF1 through RFh, and this number is greater than the number of light waveguides.
  • the light ray Ll impinges, for example, on the reflecting face RFh, as illustrated in FIG. 3, and is deflected by this face into the infeed section TC1 of the light waveguide LW1 with its deflected ray LS0.
  • the deflection angle AS will change with respect to the stationary light source LA1 so that the light waveguides LW1 through LWn are successively illuminated with light rays LS0 through LSm in chronological succession.
  • the deflected rays LS0 through LSm will sweep an area SA and the swivel motion or angle of the reflected light rays LS0 through LSm is illustrated by an arrow SV in FIG. 3.
  • the rotational motion of the mirror RS can be expediently controlled with an actuation device BV1.
  • the control over the rotational motion is thereby indicated with the assistance of an arrow WP1.
  • the actuation device BV1 is operated via a drive mechanism ASV2, which provides a signal DS7 on a line DL7.
  • a movable mirror can also be employed as a beam deflecting means. This expediently involves a periodic, linear motion or rotary motion.
  • drive elements for this are, for example, self-resonance scanners (torque rod scanners, torque band scanners), galvanometer scanners and piezo-electric scanners. These elements have a different operating frequency range.
  • Self-resonance scanners have a fixed frequency.
  • the frequency is variable given galvanometer scanners and piezoelectric scanners.
  • the elements also differ in terms of the wave representations with which a scanning is possible.
  • the mechanical mirror motion that is susceptible to disruption can be advantageously avoided by employing an acousto-optical modulator as the deflection element.
  • FIG. 4 Another optical transmitter OT4 is illustrated in FIG. 4 and, with the assistance of test signals, can be coupled into the infeed sections TC1 through TCn of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn of the ribbon conductor BL1 in chronological succession.
  • a light source LA2 is shifted along a line BA with the assistance of an actuation means BV2 in the direction of an arrow BR1 transversely relative to the longitudinal axis of the stationary ribbon conductor BL1 or, respectively, its light waveguides LW1 through LWn.
  • the displacement of the light source LA2 by the actuation means BV2 is indicated in FIG. 4 by the arrow WP2.
  • the drive of the actuation means BV2 is assumed by a drive mechanism ASV3 with a control signal DS8 on a control line DL8.
  • the light source LA2 preferably a laser diode or an LED element, successively couples light rays PLS0 through PLSm continuously into the infeed section TC1 through TCn of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn in chronological succession during a continuous displacement motion along the line BA in the direction of arrow BR1.
  • the position of the light source at the end of the displacement motion is shown with broken lines in FIG. 4 as LA2*.
  • the diaphragm means BLV can be operated with the assistance of an actuator device BV3 with a control signal DS10 on a control line DL10.
  • the drive of the actuation means BV3 occurs with the assistance of the drive mechanism ASV4 that communicates a signal DS9 to the actuating means BV3 on a line DL9.
  • the diaphragm means BLV can also be advantageously constructed in the form of a movable disc that comprises an admission slot and can be turned into a suitable infeed position, for example a chopper disc. It is also possible to provide an electro-optical diaphragm instead of a mechanical diaphragm or, respectively, aperture in a diaphragm means BLV. What is referred to as a liquid crystal shutter, which is offered by Displaytech Incorporated of Boulder, Colo., is particularly suited for this purpose.
  • the optical transmission characteristics of a plurality of light waveguides can be selectively identified with high precision and sensitivity in a simple way upon simultaneous reduction of the measuring time per light waveguide with the inventive measuring instrument according to FIGS. 1 and 2, and its modified optical transmitter according to FIGS. 3 through 5.
  • the plurality rn of transmission elements is expediently at least equal to 1, but is preferably to be selected between 2 and 5 times as large as the plurality of light waveguides to be measured.
  • the best case for the selective light infeed at the transmission side into the light waveguides to be measured occurs from the optical transmission coupling devices or, respectively, transmitters of FIGS. 3 through 5.
  • a respective light ray therein respectively continuously sweeps the light waveguides to be measured so that the intensity distribution in the light waveguides to be measured can be likewise continuously registered and, thus, can be measured with particular exactness.
  • the width of the luminous spot incident onto the ribbon conductor can also be selected so small that light is not coupled into the core of an optical fiber in every position.
  • FIGS. 1 through 5 referred to by way of example to the application of the invention given light waveguide ribbons.
  • the measuring apparatus of the invention that can be provided loosely bundled or bundled in some other way. It is thereby of no significance whether the light waveguides to be measured are arbitrarily arranged or are arranged in an ordered structure, as long as they do not mutually occlude one another.
  • FIGS. 1 through 5 it is also possible to apply the measuring apparatus of the invention according to FIGS. 1 through 5 or, respectively, the appertaining measuring method in the transmission-side infeed of the test signals into the open, freely accessible end faces of light waveguides to be measured.
  • the flexural coupler BK1 in the optical transmitters OT1 through OT5 according to FIGS. 1 through 5 is then eliminated.
  • the transmission radiation field TF0 through TFn of FIG. 2 are then directly supplied into the open ends of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn of FIG. 1.
  • These open end faces then, for example, lie in FIG. 1 where the right-hand edge of the dot-dash boundary having reference character OT1 intersects the connecting lines of the light waveguides LW1 through LWn, i.e., the ribbon BL1 across the width.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Testing Of Optical Devices Or Fibers (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
  • Optical Integrated Circuits (AREA)
US08/099,941 1992-07-30 1993-07-30 Method and apparatus for measuring a plurality of light waveguides Expired - Fee Related US5424831A (en)

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EP (1) EP0582831B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH06186131A (fr)
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US6018317A (en) * 1995-06-02 2000-01-25 Trw Inc. Cochannel signal processing system
EP1018642A2 (fr) * 1999-01-06 2000-07-12 Advantest Corporation Méthode et appareil pour mesurer une caractéristique de transfert optique
US6212151B1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2001-04-03 Iolon, Inc. Optical switch with coarse and fine deflectors
US6748342B1 (en) * 1999-04-20 2004-06-08 Nokia Corporation Method and monitoring device for monitoring the quality of data transmission over analog lines
US20100238428A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2010-09-23 Afl Telecommunications Llc Method for detecting fiber optic fibers and ribbons
US8643498B1 (en) * 2010-07-13 2014-02-04 Christopher E. Cox Optical switches for tank environments
US11047766B2 (en) 2018-04-11 2021-06-29 Afl Telecommunications Llc Systems and methods for identification and testing of optical fibers

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ATE161950T1 (de) * 1992-10-20 1998-01-15 Siemens Ag Verfahren und einrichtung für messungen an mehreren lichtwellenleitern
JP2002365165A (ja) 2001-06-08 2002-12-18 Sumitomo Electric Ind Ltd 波長分散測定装置および方法

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Cited By (9)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6018317A (en) * 1995-06-02 2000-01-25 Trw Inc. Cochannel signal processing system
US6212151B1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2001-04-03 Iolon, Inc. Optical switch with coarse and fine deflectors
EP1018642A2 (fr) * 1999-01-06 2000-07-12 Advantest Corporation Méthode et appareil pour mesurer une caractéristique de transfert optique
EP1018642A3 (fr) * 1999-01-06 2001-09-05 Advantest Corporation Méthode et appareil pour mesurer une caractéristique de transfert optique
US6493074B1 (en) 1999-01-06 2002-12-10 Advantest Corporation Method and apparatus for measuring an optical transfer characteristic
US6748342B1 (en) * 1999-04-20 2004-06-08 Nokia Corporation Method and monitoring device for monitoring the quality of data transmission over analog lines
US20100238428A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2010-09-23 Afl Telecommunications Llc Method for detecting fiber optic fibers and ribbons
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EP0582831B1 (fr) 1998-03-18
EP0582831A1 (fr) 1994-02-16
DE59308272D1 (de) 1998-04-23
JPH06186131A (ja) 1994-07-08
ATE164225T1 (de) 1998-04-15

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