US5282031A - Fixed bit rate compression encoding method - Google Patents

Fixed bit rate compression encoding method Download PDF

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US5282031A
US5282031A US07/912,472 US91247292A US5282031A US 5282031 A US5282031 A US 5282031A US 91247292 A US91247292 A US 91247292A US 5282031 A US5282031 A US 5282031A
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coefficients
dct
encoding method
compression encoding
bit rate
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Yong-kyu Kim
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • G06T9/008—Vector quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H04N19/625—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding using discrete cosine transform [DCT]
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T9/00—Image coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N1/00—Scanning, transmission or reproduction of documents or the like, e.g. facsimile transmission; Details thereof
    • H04N1/41—Bandwidth or redundancy reduction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/115—Selection of the code volume for a coding unit prior to coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/12—Selection from among a plurality of transforms or standards, e.g. selection between discrete cosine transform [DCT] and sub-band transform or selection between H.263 and H.264
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H04N19/126—Details of normalisation or weighting functions, e.g. normalisation matrices or variable uniform quantisers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/147—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output according to rate distortion criteria
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output
    • H04N19/149—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output by estimating the code amount by means of a model, e.g. mathematical model or statistical model
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/154—Measured or subjectively estimated visual quality after decoding, e.g. measurement of distortion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/18—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being a set of transform coefficients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/60—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using transform coding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/90—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using coding techniques not provided for in groups H04N19/10-H04N19/85, e.g. fractals
    • H04N19/94—Vector quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/124—Quantisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/146—Data rate or code amount at the encoder output

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a compression encoding method, and more particularly to a fixed bit rate compression encoding method where the number of encoding bits is fixed per DCT block.
  • video data compression technology has been used in processing video signals as digital data in a digital video apparatus such as a digital VCR, an HDTV, a digital video camera or a video telephone.
  • the present invention accomplishes this and other objects.
  • the present invention provides a compression encoding method which divides a two-dimensional video signal into discrete cosine transform (DCT) blocks and encodes the transform coefficients of each DCT block at a certain compression rate.
  • the fixed bit rate compression encoding method of the present invention is performed so that the DC coefficients of respective DCT block are scalar-quantized by l bits, and each DCT block is classified into m classes according to edge direction.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a compression encoder of the present invention
  • FIG. 2(A) and 2(B) are illustrative drawings for explaining the coefficients of DCT block and HVM.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the classified vector quantizer of FIG. 1
  • FIG. 4 illustrates DC and AC coefficients of an 8 ⁇ 8 DCT block
  • FIG. 5 illustrates one embodiment of the code book shown in FIG. 3.
  • DC coefficients of DCT blocks are scalar-quantized and AC coefficients are classified-vector-quantized.
  • the size of a first AC coefficient (a) and a second AC coefficient (b) of DCT blocks, which are determined in a zig-zag scanning order, are compared, and the edge direction of each DCT block is detected according to the size and sign of the two coefficients (i.e., (a) and (b)) to classify each block according to the detected result.
  • Code books of a plurality of representative vectors corresponding to each classified DCT block, and corresponding p-bit indices of the representative vectors and the classifying codes in each code book are provided as encoding data corresponding to the AC coefficients.
  • the encoding data corresponding to the scalar-quantized DC coefficients and the encoding data corresponding to the vector-quantized AC coefficients are generated as the overall encoding data of DCT blocks. This enables compression encoding at a fixed bit rate regardless of picture complexity.
  • the following is the description of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • reference numeral 10 denotes a Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) block
  • 20 denotes a human visual mask (HVM)
  • 30 denotes a vector quantization block.
  • DCT Discrete Cosine Transform
  • HVM human visual mask
  • the well-known DCT block 10 divides a two-dimensional video signal into blocks having an N ⁇ N size, e.g., 8 ⁇ 8, and DC-transforms each block to generate DCT coefficients. Specifically, the DCT block 10 processes a digitized 2D image data signal to generate DCT coefficients.
  • the above formula is well-known.
  • the HVM 20 is well known in the art and serves to eliminate or process DCT coefficients of a spatial frequency to which human eyes are not sensitive. That is, the operation of HVM block 20 is modeled after the human characteristics relative to peripheral vision. Specifically, a human's peripheral vision is sensitive to low frequencies, but is insensitive to high frequencies. In general, after modeling the sensitivity transform characteristic to Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) defined in the frequency domain, respective weight values are allocated according to the position of a transform coefficient. When using, for example, an 8 ⁇ 8 DCT block, the HVM 20 may be provided as shown in FIGS. 2(A) and 2(B).
  • MTF Modulation Transfer Function
  • the weight values in the HVM 20 are indicated by way of example only, and these values may be changed. Further, the coefficients indicated in FIG. 2(B) are values which represent the statistical properties of the DCT coefficients distribution.
  • DC coefficients in respective DCT blocks represent a Gaussian distribution and are representative of the low frequency component of a block.
  • AC coefficients in DCT blocks represent a Laplassian distribution and represent the high frequency component displaying edge direction.
  • Vector-quantization block 30 is a classified vector quantizer (CVQ).
  • CVQ 30 comprises an encoder 31, a classifier 32 and a plurality of code books 33 (C1-C4).
  • Encoder 31 scalar-quantizes the DC components of DCT coefficients, for example, by 8 bits, and receives classified information having, for example, 2 bits, from classifier 32.
  • Encoder 31 also receives indices of, for example, six 9-bit representative vectors corresponding to the AC coefficients, from code books 33, to fixedly generate 64-bit encoding data for every block.
  • the fixed compression encoding method employed by encoder 31 may be carried out by a microprocessor or the like.
  • the classifier 32 according to the invention may be the classifier disclosed in the article entitled "Discrete Cosine Transform Classified VQ (Vector Quantization) Technique for Image Coding", IEEE ICASSP Vol 3, 1989.
  • classifier 32 receives first and second AC coefficients (a) and (b), compares the size of the two AC coefficients, and decides on the edge direction of a DCT block according to their size and sign.
  • the edge direction of the DCT block is classified as follows: if a>>b, C 1 (horizontal); if a ⁇ b, C 2 (vertical); if a ⁇ b and a ⁇ b>0, C 3 (+45° diagonal); and if a ⁇ b and a ⁇ b ⁇ 0, C 4 (-135° diagonal).
  • Code books 33 consist of six representative vector code books V1-V6 for each class.
  • Each vector code book V1-V4 is 9 ⁇ 512 in size. That is, each vector codebook V1-V6 is composed of 512 codewords, and each codeword is data representing a shape.
  • a code book for one class is selected among the four class code books (C 1 -C 4 ) in response to control signal S 1 from classifier 32, and six 9-bit representative vector indices corresponding to AC coefficients are read out from six vector code books V1-V6 of the selected class and are supplied to encoder 31.
  • a fixed bit rate compression encoding method is employed where the number of encoding bits is fixed.
  • the fixed bits can be encoded by various well-known encoding methods as are well known in the art.
  • the classifications shown in FIG. 5 represent the relationship between the edge patterns in a DCT block. That is, according to first (a) and second (b) coefficients, the edge direction of the DCT block is classified into four directions: horizontal, vertical, and two diagonals. Further, the edge directions can be sub-divided.
  • the selection of the codeword is carried out by the following steps:
  • a number B designating the number of encoding bits per block becomes constant according to the following expression:
  • the number B designates the number of encoding bits per block and is given as a sum of several factors:
  • Each block is classified into M classes and r bits, according to the edge direction (M classes).
  • the present invention facilitates a high speed search and a special or trick playback for a digital VCR by a fixed compression bit rate. Further, the invention does not suffer from the problem of a partial loss of image information, thereby improving picture quality.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Discrete Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Analysis (AREA)
  • Mathematical Optimization (AREA)
  • Pure & Applied Mathematics (AREA)
  • Algebra (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)
  • Image Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Of Band Width Or Redundancy In Fax (AREA)
  • Television Signal Processing For Recording (AREA)
US07/912,472 1992-02-28 1992-07-13 Fixed bit rate compression encoding method Expired - Lifetime US5282031A (en)

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KR92-3243 1992-02-28
KR1019920003243A KR960015396B1 (ko) 1992-02-28 1992-02-28 고정비트율 압축부호화방법

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Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5442407A (en) * 1994-03-22 1995-08-15 Matsushita Electric Corporation Of America Video signal noise reduction system using time-varying filter coefficients
US5473376A (en) * 1994-12-01 1995-12-05 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for adaptive entropy encoding/decoding of quantized transform coefficients in a video compression system
EP0739140A2 (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Encoder for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system
EP0739139A2 (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Decoder for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system
WO1998000977A1 (en) * 1996-07-03 1998-01-08 Motorola Inc. Method and apparatus for bound-based adaptive entropy encoding/decoding
WO1999031887A2 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method of frame by frame calculation of quantization matrices
US5937098A (en) * 1995-02-06 1999-08-10 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Adaptive quantization of orthogonal transform coefficients for setting a target amount of compression
WO2000021022A2 (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-13 Meicom Ltd. A system for building a data compression encoder
US6370279B1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2002-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Block-based image processing method and apparatus therefor
US20050220364A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-06 Yuan-Chung Lee Directional interpolation method using dct information and related device
US11513732B2 (en) 2020-08-13 2022-11-29 Raytheon Company Fast data compression for systems with large dynamic ranges or other systems

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR100411348B1 (ko) * 2001-12-29 2003-12-18 엘지전자 주식회사 에지 검출 방법과 장치
JPWO2011158657A1 (ja) * 2010-06-17 2013-08-19 シャープ株式会社 画像フィルタ装置、復号装置、符号化装置、および、データ構造

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4963030A (en) * 1989-11-29 1990-10-16 California Institute Of Technology Distributed-block vector quantization coder
US5144423A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-09-01 At&T Bell Laboratories Hdtv encoder with forward estimation and constant rate motion vectors

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4963030A (en) * 1989-11-29 1990-10-16 California Institute Of Technology Distributed-block vector quantization coder
US5144423A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-09-01 At&T Bell Laboratories Hdtv encoder with forward estimation and constant rate motion vectors

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5442407A (en) * 1994-03-22 1995-08-15 Matsushita Electric Corporation Of America Video signal noise reduction system using time-varying filter coefficients
US5473376A (en) * 1994-12-01 1995-12-05 Motorola, Inc. Method and apparatus for adaptive entropy encoding/decoding of quantized transform coefficients in a video compression system
WO1996017477A1 (en) * 1994-12-01 1996-06-06 Motorola Inc. Method and apparatus for adaptive encoding/decoding
US5937098A (en) * 1995-02-06 1999-08-10 Asahi Kogaku Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Adaptive quantization of orthogonal transform coefficients for setting a target amount of compression
EP0739140A2 (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Encoder for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system
EP0739139A2 (en) * 1995-04-18 1996-10-23 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Decoder for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system
EP0739140A3 (en) * 1995-04-18 1998-08-19 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Encoder for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system
EP0739139A3 (en) * 1995-04-18 1998-08-19 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Decoder for an end-to-end scalable video delivery system
WO1998000977A1 (en) * 1996-07-03 1998-01-08 Motorola Inc. Method and apparatus for bound-based adaptive entropy encoding/decoding
US6370279B1 (en) * 1997-04-10 2002-04-09 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Block-based image processing method and apparatus therefor
WO1999031887A2 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-06-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Method of frame by frame calculation of quantization matrices
US6067118A (en) * 1997-12-16 2000-05-23 Philips Electronics North America Corp. Method of frame-by-frame calculation of quantization matrices
WO1999031887A3 (en) * 1997-12-16 1999-08-19 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Method of frame by frame calculation of quantization matrices
WO2000021022A2 (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-04-13 Meicom Ltd. A system for building a data compression encoder
WO2000021022A3 (en) * 1998-10-02 2000-07-06 Meicom Ltd A system for building a data compression encoder
US20050220364A1 (en) * 2004-04-01 2005-10-06 Yuan-Chung Lee Directional interpolation method using dct information and related device
US7315661B2 (en) 2004-04-01 2008-01-01 Mediatek Inc. Directional interpolation method using DCT information and related device
US11513732B2 (en) 2020-08-13 2022-11-29 Raytheon Company Fast data compression for systems with large dynamic ranges or other systems

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KR930019020A (ko) 1993-09-22
JP3046133B2 (ja) 2000-05-29
JPH05292484A (ja) 1993-11-05

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