US4889582A - Age hardenable dispersion strengthened high temperature aluminum alloy - Google Patents

Age hardenable dispersion strengthened high temperature aluminum alloy Download PDF

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Publication number
US4889582A
US4889582A US06/923,781 US92378186A US4889582A US 4889582 A US4889582 A US 4889582A US 92378186 A US92378186 A US 92378186A US 4889582 A US4889582 A US 4889582A
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aluminum
alloys
vanadium
aluminum alloy
molybdenum
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US06/923,781
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English (en)
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James W. Simon, Jr.
Kathleen Gorman
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Raytheon Technologies Corp
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United Technologies Corp
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Assigned to UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION reassignment UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: GORMAN, KATHLEEN, SIMON, JAMES W. JR.
Priority to DE8787630213T priority patent/DE3770599D1/de
Priority to EP87630213A priority patent/EP0271424B1/en
Priority to NO874437A priority patent/NO170945C/no
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • C22C1/0408—Light metal alloys
    • C22C1/0416—Aluminium-based alloys

Definitions

  • This invention relates to aluminum alloys processed by powder metallurgy techniques which are dispersion strengthened and age hardenable and have useful mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, at least up to 800° F. (425° C.).
  • a major object of this invention is to describe aluminum alloys having useful mechanical properties at temperatures up to at least about 800° F. (425° C.).
  • This invention relates to a class of aluminum alloys which are dispersion strengthened and which can be aged hardened for improved mechanical properties.
  • Precipitation strengthening in aluminum alloys is well known as typified by alloys based on the aluminum copper system. In these alloys precipitation of particles is thermally controlled to produce a strengthening effect.
  • SAP alloys are produced by powder metallurgy techniques in which aluminum alloy powder is oxidized, compacted and cold worked to produce a structure containing a fine dispersion of aluminum oxide particles. Since aluminum oxide is essentially insoluble in aluminum this class of alloys is more stable at elevated temperatures than precipitation strengthened alloys formed by true precipitation phenomena.
  • SAP alloys are costly and their mechanical properties are established by deformation rather than by thermal treatment.
  • the present invention concerns a class of alloys which combines some characteristics of both types of precipitation hardened materials previously described.
  • the invention alloys are strengthened by a precipitate based on iron, molybdenum and vanadium. Iron, molybdenum and vanadium all are essentially insoluble in aluminum and as a consequence precipitate particles elevated temperatures.
  • the invention alloys are prepared by process which includes rapid solidification from the melt at rates which exceed 10 3 ° C. per second and preferably 10 5 ° C. per second.
  • the rapid solidification ensures that the precipitate particles which form during solidification are fine and uniformly dispersed. Additionally, it seems likely that the particles which form during rapid solidification are not of equilibrium structure in view of the age hardening response discussed below. If the solidification rate is sufficiently high, noncrystalline (amorphous) regions may result. This is generally not a preferred situation since such material has limited ductility. However, such material can be subsequently thermally treated to decompose the amorphous material into more ductile, crystalline material containing a fine, strengthening, dispersion of precipitate particles.
  • the solidified particulate is compacted to form article of useful dimensions.
  • a variety of compaction techniques can be employed so long as the alloy temperature does not rise significantly above about 450° C. for any significant length of time.
  • a feature of the present invention material which distinguishes it from a prior aluminum alloy containing iron and molybdenum but without vanadium is that the invention material displays an age hardening response which can be used develop optimum mechanical properties. While the age hardening kinetics and the degree of hardening observed will vary with composition, a typical result is an increase of about 4 points on the Rockwell B scale when the material is aged at temperatures between about 825° and 925° F. (455-482° C.) for periods between about 1 and 50 hours.
  • FIG. 1 shows the thermal stability of an aluminum alloy according to the present invention containing 8% Fe, 2% Mo, 1% V.
  • FIG. 2 shows the thermal stability of a prior aluminum alloy containing 8% Fe and 2% Mo.
  • the invention alloys are based on aluminum and contain (by weight) from 5-15% iron, from 1-5% molybdenum and from 0.2-6% vanadium.
  • a preferred range is 6-10% iron, 1-4% molybdenum; 0.5-2% vanadium, balance aluminum.
  • the total weight percent content of the alloying elements does not exceed about 20%, the sum of molybdenum and vanadium constitute from about 20% to about 200% of the iron content and preferably the molybdenum content exceeds the vanadium content.
  • a broad description of the invention material after rapid solidification is that it is an aluminum matrix which contains from about 5 to about 30 volume percent of a strengthening phase based on iron, molybdenum and vanadium having a structure similar to Al 3 Fe.
  • the strengthening particles have an average diameter of less than about 500 angstroms and preferably less than 300 angstroms and are spaced less than about 2000 angstroms apart.
  • the particulate must be compacted to form an article of useful size.
  • Such compaction may be performed using a variety of processes which are known to those skilled in the art.
  • a necessary condition is that the material not be exposed to an excessive temperature since this could result in an undesirable amount of precipitate coarsening and would eliminate the possibility of subsequently age hardening the composition. Accordingly, it is preferred that the material not be exposed to temperatures in excess of about 800° F. (425° C.) for any significant amount of time during the compaction process.
  • FIG. 1 shows the room temperature hardness of invention material (Aluminum-8%Fe-2%Mo-1%V) after exposure at different temperatures and times.
  • a significant feature of FIG. 1 is the presence of an age hardening peak on the 850° F. (455° C.) and 900° F. (482° C.) temperature curves.
  • peak hardness appears after about 20 hours while at 900° F. peak hardness is much more pronounced and occurs at about 4 hours.
  • the curve also shows that for temperatures up to at least 900° F. (482° C.) the hardness of the material remains essentially constant with temperature (after the age hardening peak) for exposure times of up to 100 hours.
  • the invention material hardness appears to diminish at 100 hours. This shows that the material is thermally stable at up to at least 900° F. for at least 100 hours.
  • FIG. 1 The information in FIG. 1 should be contrasted with the similar curves shown in FIG. 2 for the aluminum 8% iron, 2% molybdenum alloy described in U.S. Ser. No. 540,712 U.S. Pat. No. 4,647,321.
  • FIG. 2 shows that at 800° F. the material is thermally unstable, and after 16 hours at 800° F. the Rockwell B hardness is less than 60 contrasted with the Rockwell B hardness of about 78 for the invention material shown in FIG. 1 after 100 hours at 900° F. The prior art material is unstable at 800° F. for any exposure time.
  • FIG. 2 is also devoid of any indication of an age hardening response.
  • the age hardening response shown in the invention alloy is different in kind from that displayed in other common age hardening aluminum systems such as aluminum copper.
  • the age hardening response can be obtained repeatedly in the solid state by appropriate thermal cycling about the precipitate solvus temperature.
  • the invention material uses vanadium to build on the properties of the Al 3 Fe base precipitate observed in the prior aluminum -8% iron-2% molydbenum and that this increase in precipitate hardening possibly results from some irreversible diffusion of vanadium into or out of the precipitate particles.
  • This feature of the invention is mentioned here inasmuch as it comprises valuable information regarding the nature of the invention and suggests that the invention age hardening response is dissimilar to those observed in other systems.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
US06/923,781 1986-10-27 1986-10-27 Age hardenable dispersion strengthened high temperature aluminum alloy Expired - Lifetime US4889582A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/923,781 US4889582A (en) 1986-10-27 1986-10-27 Age hardenable dispersion strengthened high temperature aluminum alloy
DE8787630213T DE3770599D1 (de) 1986-10-27 1987-10-26 Dispersionsverstaerkte aushaertende aluminiumlegierung fuer hochtemperaturverwendung.
EP87630213A EP0271424B1 (en) 1986-10-27 1987-10-26 Age hardenable dispersion strengthened high temperature aluminum alloy
NO874437A NO170945C (no) 1986-10-27 1987-10-26 Framgangsmaate for tilvirkning av en hoeytemperaturbestandig gjenstand av al-legering

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US06/923,781 US4889582A (en) 1986-10-27 1986-10-27 Age hardenable dispersion strengthened high temperature aluminum alloy

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US4889582A true US4889582A (en) 1989-12-26

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US (1) US4889582A (no)
EP (1) EP0271424B1 (no)
DE (1) DE3770599D1 (no)
NO (1) NO170945C (no)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5022918A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-06-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-resistant aluminum alloy sinter and process for production of the same
US5340659A (en) * 1990-06-05 1994-08-23 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha High strength structural member and a process and starting powder for making same
WO2001007954A1 (de) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-01 Kersten Zaar Kabeltrommel für ein video-endoskop
US20040055671A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2004-03-25 Questek Innovations Llc Nanophase precipitation strengthened Al alloys processed through the amorphous state
US20080138239A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2008-06-12 Questek Innovatioans Llc High-temperature high-strength aluminum alloys processed through the amorphous state
US20100075171A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-25 Cap Daniel P Nano-grained aluminum alloy bellows
US20220077420A1 (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-03-10 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Reflective electrode and display device having the same

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP3702044B2 (ja) * 1996-07-10 2005-10-05 三菱重工業株式会社 アルミニウム合金製羽根車及びその製造方法

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US1579481A (en) * 1925-01-22 1926-04-06 Hybinette Victor Evers Light aluminum alloy and method of producing same
US1675708A (en) * 1922-09-23 1928-07-03 Hybinette Noak Victor Alloy
US2963570A (en) * 1956-01-16 1960-12-06 Chemetron Corp Arc welding method and apparatus
US2963780A (en) * 1957-05-08 1960-12-13 Aluminum Co Of America Aluminum alloy powder product
US2967351A (en) * 1956-12-14 1961-01-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of making an aluminum base alloy article
US3147110A (en) * 1961-11-27 1964-09-01 Dow Chemical Co Die-expressed article of aluminum-base alloy and method of making
US3625677A (en) * 1967-12-30 1971-12-07 Ti Group Services Ltd Aluminum alloys
US3899820A (en) * 1972-06-30 1975-08-19 Alcan Res & Dev Method of producing a dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloy article
US4025249A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-05-24 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for making metal powder
US4053264A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-10-11 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for making metal powder
US4078873A (en) * 1976-01-30 1978-03-14 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for producing metal powder
US4265676A (en) * 1978-06-27 1981-05-05 Norsk Hydro A.S. Process for manufacture of strip-casted Al-sheet material with improved mechanical and thermomechanical qualities
US4313759A (en) * 1979-07-16 1982-02-02 Institut Cerac S.A. Wear resistant aluminium alloy
US4347076A (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-08-31 Marko Materials, Inc. Aluminum-transition metal alloys made using rapidly solidified powers and method
US4647321A (en) * 1980-11-24 1987-03-03 United Technologies Corporation Dispersion strengthened aluminum alloys

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GB846530A (en) * 1957-05-08 1960-08-31 Aluminum Co Of America Hot-worked aluminium base alloy powder article
CA1177286A (en) * 1980-11-24 1984-11-06 United Technologies Corporation Dispersion strengthened aluminum alloys
US4715893A (en) * 1984-04-04 1987-12-29 Allied Corporation Aluminum-iron-vanadium alloys having high strength at elevated temperatures
JPS6148551A (ja) * 1984-08-13 1986-03-10 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Ltd 高温強度に優れたアルミニウム合金成形材

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US1675708A (en) * 1922-09-23 1928-07-03 Hybinette Noak Victor Alloy
US1579481A (en) * 1925-01-22 1926-04-06 Hybinette Victor Evers Light aluminum alloy and method of producing same
US2963570A (en) * 1956-01-16 1960-12-06 Chemetron Corp Arc welding method and apparatus
US2967351A (en) * 1956-12-14 1961-01-10 Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp Method of making an aluminum base alloy article
US2963780A (en) * 1957-05-08 1960-12-13 Aluminum Co Of America Aluminum alloy powder product
US3147110A (en) * 1961-11-27 1964-09-01 Dow Chemical Co Die-expressed article of aluminum-base alloy and method of making
US3625677A (en) * 1967-12-30 1971-12-07 Ti Group Services Ltd Aluminum alloys
US3899820A (en) * 1972-06-30 1975-08-19 Alcan Res & Dev Method of producing a dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloy article
US4025249A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-05-24 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for making metal powder
US4053264A (en) * 1976-01-30 1977-10-11 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for making metal powder
US4078873A (en) * 1976-01-30 1978-03-14 United Technologies Corporation Apparatus for producing metal powder
US4265676A (en) * 1978-06-27 1981-05-05 Norsk Hydro A.S. Process for manufacture of strip-casted Al-sheet material with improved mechanical and thermomechanical qualities
US4313759A (en) * 1979-07-16 1982-02-02 Institut Cerac S.A. Wear resistant aluminium alloy
US4347076A (en) * 1980-10-03 1982-08-31 Marko Materials, Inc. Aluminum-transition metal alloys made using rapidly solidified powers and method
US4647321A (en) * 1980-11-24 1987-03-03 United Technologies Corporation Dispersion strengthened aluminum alloys

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A. N. Bryukhovets, N. N. Barbasshin, M. G. Stepanova, and I. N. Fridlyander, Structures and Properties of Al CR and Al Fe Alloys Prepared by the Atomization Technique , Moscow Aviation Technology Institute, translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya , No. 1 (85), pp. 108 111, Jan. 1970. *
Sharon L. Langenbeck, Walter M. Griffith, Gregory J. Hildeman and Jim W. Simon, "Development of Dispersion-Strengthened Aluminum Alloys", ASTM Special Technical Publication 890, ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) 04-890000-04, pp. 410-422, published Jun. 1986.
Sharon L. Langenbeck, Walter M. Griffith, Gregory J. Hildeman and Jim W. Simon, Development of Dispersion Strengthened Aluminum Alloys , ASTM Special Technical Publication 890, ASTM Publication Code Number (PCN) 04 890000 04, pp. 410 422, published Jun. 1986. *
V. I. Dobatkin and V. I. Elagin, "On Aluminum Alloys with Refractory Elements, obtained by Granulation", Sov. J. Non Ferrous Metals, Aug. 1966, pp. 89-93.
V. I. Dobatkin and V. I. Elagin, On Aluminum Alloys with Refractory Elements, obtained by Granulation , Sov. J. Non Ferrous Metals , Aug. 1966, pp. 89 93. *
W. Rostoker, R. P. Dudek, C. Freda and R. E. Russell, "Fast Freezing by Atomization for Aluminum Alloy Development", International Journal of Powder Metallurgy, pp. (139)-(148), 9 (4) 1973.
W. Rostoker, R. P. Dudek, C. Freda and R. E. Russell, Fast Freezing by Atomization for Aluminum Alloy Development , International Journal of Powder Metallurgy , pp. (139) (148), 9 (4) 1973. *

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5022918A (en) * 1987-12-01 1991-06-11 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Heat-resistant aluminum alloy sinter and process for production of the same
US5340659A (en) * 1990-06-05 1994-08-23 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha High strength structural member and a process and starting powder for making same
WO2001007954A1 (de) * 1999-07-23 2001-02-01 Kersten Zaar Kabeltrommel für ein video-endoskop
US20040055671A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2004-03-25 Questek Innovations Llc Nanophase precipitation strengthened Al alloys processed through the amorphous state
US20080138239A1 (en) * 2002-04-24 2008-06-12 Questek Innovatioans Llc High-temperature high-strength aluminum alloys processed through the amorphous state
US20100075171A1 (en) * 2008-09-22 2010-03-25 Cap Daniel P Nano-grained aluminum alloy bellows
US8429894B2 (en) 2008-09-22 2013-04-30 Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne, Inc. Nano-grained aluminum alloy bellows
US20220077420A1 (en) * 2020-09-09 2022-03-10 Samsung Display Co., Ltd. Reflective electrode and display device having the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO874437D0 (no) 1987-10-26
NO170945C (no) 1992-12-30
NO170945B (no) 1992-09-21
EP0271424B1 (en) 1991-06-05
NO874437L (no) 1988-04-28
EP0271424A1 (en) 1988-06-15
DE3770599D1 (de) 1991-07-11

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