US4804544A - Chewing gum with biscuit-like texture - Google Patents

Chewing gum with biscuit-like texture Download PDF

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Publication number
US4804544A
US4804544A US06/886,451 US88645186A US4804544A US 4804544 A US4804544 A US 4804544A US 88645186 A US88645186 A US 88645186A US 4804544 A US4804544 A US 4804544A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
sweetener
sugar
chewing gum
dioxide
benzisothiazol
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US06/886,451
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English (en)
Inventor
Felix Christen
Fritz Kracher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Givaudan Roure Corp
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Givaudan Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Givaudan Corp filed Critical Givaudan Corp
Assigned to GIVAUDAN CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY reassignment GIVAUDAN CORPORATION, A CORP. OF NEW JERSEY ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: L. GIVAUDAN & CIE, SOCIETE ANONYME, A SWISS COMPANY
Assigned to L. GIVAUDAN & CIE SOCIETE ANONYME, A CORP. OF SWITZERLAND reassignment L. GIVAUDAN & CIE SOCIETE ANONYME, A CORP. OF SWITZERLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: KRACHER, FRITZ, CHRISTEN, FELIX
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Publication of US4804544A publication Critical patent/US4804544A/en
Assigned to GIVAUDAN CORPORATION reassignment GIVAUDAN CORPORATION MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 12/19/1991 NEW JERSEY Assignors: ROURE, INC. (MERGED INTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of chewing gum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/06—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds
    • A23G4/10—Chewing gum characterised by the composition containing organic or inorganic compounds characterised by the carbohydrates used, e.g. polysaccharides
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
    • A23G4/182—Foamed, gas-expanded or cellular products

Definitions

  • This invention is concerned with a novel chewing gum product which is characterized by its novel texture, namely a biscuit-like texture.
  • biscuit-like texture is to be understood to mean that the chewing gum has the appearance of a biscuit, cookie or cracker inasmuch as it is porous, crumbly, breakable and has an aerated appearance and, in most cases, has a type of crust which is usually formed by a baking process. It also has a vast number of minute cavities in the interior.
  • the appearance of the chewing gum product of this invention is therefore completely different from the more or less solid, tough and compact appearance commonly characteristic of known chewing gums.
  • the chewing of the novel chewing gum product gives as an initial sensation the brittle, crumbly impression expected from the chewing of a biscuit. This initial impression gives way after a few seconds, e.g., 10-40 seconds, to the usual sensation expected upon the chewing of chewing gum.
  • the novel chewing gum fulfills a need for novel products which are consistent with modern trends in eating habits.
  • This invention is also concerned with a process for the manufacture of the novel chewing gum which comprises first manufacturing chewing gum in a manner consistent with the usual processes known in the art and then subjecting said gum product to an additional step of heating in a baking-type process.
  • the process of this invention involves a first step that is known in the art, i.e., a conventional, pliable chewing mass is first manufactured from the usual ingredients.
  • the ingredients which are usually used in conventional chewing gum manufacture are:
  • cane sugar saccharide, sucrose
  • beet sugar saccharide
  • grape sugar sugar
  • glucose fruit sugar
  • powdered sugar sugar substitutes: these are those mono- oligo- and poly-saccharides or derivatives of such saccharides which are usual in the trade, e.g.: malt sugar (maltose), milk sugar (lactose), galactose, starch hydrolyzates (dextrins, maltodextrins), starch syrup (corn syrup), maltose syrup.
  • malt sugar maltose
  • milk sugar lactose
  • galactose galactose
  • starch hydrolyzates starch hydrolyzates
  • starch syrup starch syrup
  • maltose syrup corn syrup
  • maltose syrup See e.g. Rompps Chemielexikon, 8th Edition, Volume 2 (1981), page 919, H. W.
  • polydextroses (glucose polymers with sorbitol end groups and with citric acid ester bonds, obtainable by melting and condensing glucose, sorbitol and citric acid; Pfizer Inc. Chemical Division, 235 E. 42nd St., New York), or especially also sugar alcohols, e.g. sorbitol, mannitol, xylitol, maltitol, etc. (Sugar alcohols should, however, conveniently be used only in admixture with sugars, advantageously in mixtures of about 1:1.)
  • Synthetic sweeteners are also used especially where the sweetening power of the sugar and/or sugar substitute is noticed as being insufficient. This is the case e.g. with lactose, the maltodextrins, etc.
  • adjuvants e.g. fillers, coloring substances, antioxidants, etc.
  • the gum is softened by pre-heating usually to about 30° C. to 70° C.
  • the sweetener, plasticizer, flavoring substance and, if desired, additional adjuvants are added while kneading, and the manufacture of the compact chewing mass is carried out in a known manner with further kneading.
  • this mass defined herein as the finished gum mass would now be converted to a particular form and split into portions by means of an apparatus which is common in the chewing gum industry, e.g., an extruder, a band moulding machine, a multiple purpose roller, a cutting roller, etc., which would convert the gum mass into strips (sticks), cubes, squares, bars, cylinders, hollow shapes, granulates, etc.
  • an additional step is added which involves a heat treatment or baking process as was mentioned above.
  • novel chewing gum product in accordance with this invention, it is especially preferred that the novel chewing gum contain as the sweetener(s) in a substantial, predominant or even exclusive amount, either
  • a sugar or sugar substitute which is only moderately soluble in water, e.g. a maltodextrin, or lactose.
  • the term "practically non-hygroscopic” is to be understood to mean that the sweetener in question does not visibly deliquesce or clump upon normal air exposure after a lengthy storage period, for example 48 hours.
  • the term “only moderately soluble in water” is to be understood to mean that the sweetener in question is not soluble in water at room temperature to more than about 50% (W/W).
  • the especially preferred sweetener in an amount equal to about 20 to 100% of the total sweetener. It is especially preferred to use this sweetener in an amount equal to about 60 to 100% of the total.
  • Preferred sweetener combinations are:
  • the compact chewing mass thus obtained may be stored for up to 24 hours, or may be immediately pre-formed and portioned as discussed above. In the present case it is preferred that the chewing mass be first rolled out into thin layers (laminates). The chewing mass can then be portioned for example with slicing apparatus or cutting-out machines (cutters) which are commonly used in the biscuit industry.
  • the baking process in accordance with the process of the invention can be carried out in conventional baking ovens or in microwave ovens.
  • the temperature of the baking process may range from about 80° C. to about 180° C., especially from about 90° C. to about 150° C.
  • the suitable temperature range is somewhat sweetener-specific.
  • a hygroscopic sweetener or a sweetener which has a good solubility in water low temperatures are preferrable for the baking process.
  • a temperature of about 80° C. should not substantially be exceeded.
  • lactose and maltodextrin temperatures of 150° C. are possible.
  • the baking time may vary from about 5 to 50 minutes. About 15 to 30 minutes is preferred. As is common in the biscuit industry, the suitable baking time usually depends on the water content of the chewing mass.
  • the water content is usually about 3-3.5% before the baking step. After the baking step the water content should not greatly exceed 1.0%. Preferably the water content should be below 1.0% after the baking step in order to guarantee sufficient stability of the shaped form. This difference in the water content is considered to be an essential reason for the novel biscuit-like texture of the chewing gum of this invention. As mentioned above, conventional chewing gum usually has a water content of about 3-3.5%. The rapid evaporation of the water during the baking process leads to the porous structure which is essential to the invention.
  • Suitable ranges for use of a microwave oven in the baking step are:
  • the shaped forms can be provided with a glazed coating, as for example by brushing with a 50% gum arabic solution.
  • the products can be stored for as long as desired, although the humidity should not be too high.
  • Chewing gums containing lactose are known.
  • Japanese patent publication No. 34 977 discloses a process in which the basic chewing gum mass is first kneaded at a much higher temperature namely at 100° C.-150° C. The chewing gum subsequently produced has a conventional texture.
  • Japanese patent publication No. 34 978 (Lotte K. K.; 26th July 1982) also discloses lactose containing chewing gums. This Japanese Publication requires an additional microwave heat treatment of the kneaded mass in order to produce a non-gritty gum.
  • a chewing gum mass consists of:
  • the chewing gum base is first pre-heated to 40° C. to 70° C. and in the mixer the other ingredients listed are carefully kneaded-in in the usual manner while maintaining the temperature.
  • the finished mixed chewing mass can (if desired after storage at room temperature for up to 24 hours) be rolled out into thin layers (laminates) from which shaped forms can be cut out or rolled out by means of, respectively, cutting-out machines ("cutters”) or stamping rollers which are usual in the baking industry.
  • cutting-out machines cutting-out machines
  • These shaped forms are heated on a baking sheet at 150° C. for 15 minutes in a usual baking oven. After cooling, the shaped forms can be packed.
  • a chewing gum mass consists of:
  • the chewing gum base is pre-heated to 40° C. to 70° C. and in the mixer the other ingredients are carefully kneaded-in in the usual manner while maintaining the temperature.
  • the finished mixed chewing mass can (if desired after storage at room temperature for up to 24 hours) be rolled out into thin layers (laminates) from which shaped forms can be cut out by means of a rotary cutter.
  • These shaped forms are heated on a baking sheet at 80° C. for 30 minutes in a usual baking oven. After cooling, the shaped forms can be packed.
  • a chewing mass consists of:
  • the chewing gum base is pre-heated to 40° C. to 70° C. and in the mixer the other ingredients listed are carefully kneaded-in in the usual manner while maintaining the temperature.
  • the finished mixed chewing mass can (if desired after storage at room temperature for up to 24 hours) be rolled out into thin layers (laminates) from which shaped forms can be cut out.
  • These shaped forms are treated for 4 minutes in a 800 W microwave oven. After cooling, the shaped forms can be packed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
US06/886,451 1985-07-24 1986-07-15 Chewing gum with biscuit-like texture Expired - Fee Related US4804544A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3205/85 1985-07-24
CH320585 1985-07-24
CH211286 1986-05-26
CH2112/86 1986-05-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4804544A true US4804544A (en) 1989-02-14

Family

ID=25689540

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/886,451 Expired - Fee Related US4804544A (en) 1985-07-24 1986-07-15 Chewing gum with biscuit-like texture

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US4804544A (da)
EP (1) EP0210507A3 (da)
DK (1) DK351586A (da)
ES (1) ES2000724A6 (da)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5436013A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-07-25 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Process for manufacturing wax-free chewing gums with fast set-up times
US5437876A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-08-01 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Wax-free chewing gums with controlled sweetener release
US5437877A (en) * 1992-03-03 1995-08-01 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Wax-free chewing gum with initial soft bite
US5437875A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-08-01 Wm. Wrigley, Jr. Company Wax-free low moisture chewing gum
US5441750A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-08-15 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Wax-free chewing gum with improved processing properties
US5462754A (en) * 1992-03-03 1995-10-31 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Abhesive chewing gum with improved sweetness profile
US20070286927A1 (en) * 2000-04-11 2007-12-13 Intergum Gida Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Low-Density Non-SBR Chewing Gum

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3020164A (en) * 1960-04-07 1962-02-06 Pillsbury Co Food product and method of manufacture
US3912817A (en) * 1973-10-03 1975-10-14 Topps Chewing Gum Inc Gum product and method of making the same
JPS5734977A (en) * 1980-08-12 1982-02-25 Casio Comput Co Ltd Ink jet type recording apparatus
JPS5734978A (en) * 1980-08-11 1982-02-25 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Type head for impact printer
JPS6167445A (ja) * 1984-09-08 1986-04-07 Lotte Co Ltd 餅様チユ−インガム
US4604287A (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-08-05 Warner-Lambert Company Multiple textured chewing gum

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5529982A (en) * 1978-08-26 1980-03-03 Lotte Co Ltd Preparation of chewing gum comprising lactose
JPS58301B2 (ja) * 1979-04-17 1983-01-06 株式会社 ロツテ 多孔質チユ−インガムの製造方法
US4357354A (en) * 1980-11-25 1982-11-02 Nabisco Brands, Inc. Reduced calorie chewing gum
JPS58201946A (ja) * 1982-05-21 1983-11-25 Lotte Co Ltd ビスケツトとチユ−インガムの組合せ菓子

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3020164A (en) * 1960-04-07 1962-02-06 Pillsbury Co Food product and method of manufacture
US3912817A (en) * 1973-10-03 1975-10-14 Topps Chewing Gum Inc Gum product and method of making the same
JPS5734978A (en) * 1980-08-11 1982-02-25 Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd Type head for impact printer
JPS5734977A (en) * 1980-08-12 1982-02-25 Casio Comput Co Ltd Ink jet type recording apparatus
JPS6167445A (ja) * 1984-09-08 1986-04-07 Lotte Co Ltd 餅様チユ−インガム
US4604287A (en) * 1985-06-07 1986-08-05 Warner-Lambert Company Multiple textured chewing gum

Non-Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
G. G. Birch et al., ed., "Nutritive Sweetners", Applied Science Publishers, N.J. (1982) pp. 67-81.
G. G. Birch et al., ed., Nutritive Sweetners , Applied Science Publishers, N.J. (1982) pp. 67 81. *
G. Kindel et al., Haarmann and Reimer Contact, No. 30 (1980) pp. 11 13. *
G. Kindel et al., Haarmann and Reimer Contact, No. 30 (1980) pp. 11-13.
H. W. Ockerman, "Source Book for Food Scientists", AVI Publishing Co. Inc., 1978, pp. 89, 832.
H. W. Ockerman, Source Book for Food Scientists , AVI Publishing Co. Inc., 1978, pp. 89, 832. *
Haensel Bericht Fur Geschmackstoffe Verarbeitende Industrien 1 (1981) pp. 1 19. *
Haensel Bericht Fur Geschmackstoffe Verarbeitende Industrien 1 (1981) pp. 1-19.
Rompps Chemielexikon, 8th Edition, 2 (1981) 919. *
Ullmanns Encyklopaedie der Technischen Chemie, Verlagchemie, Weinheim, 1982, 4th Edition 22, pp. 353 365. *
Ullmanns Encyklopaedie der Technischen Chemie, Verlagchemie, Weinheim, 1982, 4th Edition 22, pp. 353-365.

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5437877A (en) * 1992-03-03 1995-08-01 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Wax-free chewing gum with initial soft bite
US5462754A (en) * 1992-03-03 1995-10-31 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Abhesive chewing gum with improved sweetness profile
US5436013A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-07-25 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Process for manufacturing wax-free chewing gums with fast set-up times
US5437876A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-08-01 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Wax-free chewing gums with controlled sweetener release
US5437875A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-08-01 Wm. Wrigley, Jr. Company Wax-free low moisture chewing gum
US5441750A (en) * 1993-03-02 1995-08-15 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Wax-free chewing gum with improved processing properties
US20070286927A1 (en) * 2000-04-11 2007-12-13 Intergum Gida Sanayi Ve Ticaret A.S. Low-Density Non-SBR Chewing Gum

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0210507A3 (de) 1988-09-21
DK351586A (da) 1987-01-25
DK351586D0 (da) 1986-07-23
ES2000724A6 (es) 1988-03-16
EP0210507A2 (de) 1987-02-04

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Owner name: L. GIVAUDAN & CIE SOCIETE ANONYME, VERNIER-GENEVE,

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNORS:CHRISTEN, FELIX;KRACHER, FRITZ;REEL/FRAME:004616/0421;SIGNING DATES FROM 19860804 TO 19860915

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