US4633332A - Multi-mode magnetic recording system and multi-mode magnetic recording and playback system for VTR - Google Patents

Multi-mode magnetic recording system and multi-mode magnetic recording and playback system for VTR Download PDF

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US4633332A
US4633332A US06/567,977 US56797784A US4633332A US 4633332 A US4633332 A US 4633332A US 56797784 A US56797784 A US 56797784A US 4633332 A US4633332 A US 4633332A
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Prior art keywords
video
heads
audio
mode
magnetic recording
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Expired - Lifetime
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US06/567,977
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English (en)
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Seiji Higurashi
Atsushi Miyashita
Kaoru Kobayashi
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Victor Company of Japan Ltd
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Victor Company of Japan Ltd
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Assigned to VICTOR COMPANY OF JAPAN, LIMITED, 3-12, MORIYA-SHO, KANAGAWA-KU, YOKOGAMA-SHI, KANAGAWA-KEN, JAPAN A CORP. OF JAPAN reassignment VICTOR COMPANY OF JAPAN, LIMITED, 3-12, MORIYA-SHO, KANAGAWA-KU, YOKOGAMA-SHI, KANAGAWA-KEN, JAPAN A CORP. OF JAPAN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HIGURASHI, SEIJI, KOBAYASHI, KAORU, MIYASHITA, ATSUSHI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/02—Recording, reproducing, or erasing methods; Read, write or erase circuits therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/008—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires
    • G11B5/00813—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires magnetic tapes
    • G11B5/00878—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires magnetic tapes transducing different track configurations or formats on the same tape
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/008—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires
    • G11B5/00813—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires magnetic tapes
    • G11B5/00847—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires magnetic tapes on transverse tracks
    • G11B5/0086—Recording on, or reproducing or erasing from, magnetic tapes, sheets, e.g. cards, or wires magnetic tapes on transverse tracks using cyclically driven heads providing segmented tracks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
    • G11B—INFORMATION STORAGE BASED ON RELATIVE MOVEMENT BETWEEN RECORD CARRIER AND TRANSDUCER
    • G11B5/00—Recording by magnetisation or demagnetisation of a record carrier; Reproducing by magnetic means; Record carriers therefor
    • G11B5/48—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed
    • G11B5/52—Disposition or mounting of heads or head supports relative to record carriers ; arrangements of heads, e.g. for scanning the record carrier to increase the relative speed with simultaneous movement of head and record carrier, e.g. rotation of head
    • G11B5/53—Disposition or mounting of heads on rotating support
    • G11B5/531—Disposition of more than one recording or reproducing head on support rotating cyclically around an axis
    • G11B5/534—Disposition of more than one recording or reproducing head on support rotating cyclically around an axis inclined relative to the direction of movement of the tape, e.g. for helicoidal scanning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N5/00—Details of television systems
    • H04N5/76—Television signal recording
    • H04N5/78—Television signal recording using magnetic recording
    • H04N5/782—Television signal recording using magnetic recording on tape
    • H04N5/7824—Television signal recording using magnetic recording on tape with rotating magnetic heads
    • H04N5/7826—Television signal recording using magnetic recording on tape with rotating magnetic heads involving helical scanning of the magnetic tape
    • H04N5/78263—Television signal recording using magnetic recording on tape with rotating magnetic heads involving helical scanning of the magnetic tape for recording on tracks inclined relative to the direction of movement of the tape
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/7921—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording for more than one processing mode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/79—Processing of colour television signals in connection with recording
    • H04N9/80—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback
    • H04N9/802—Transformation of the television signal for recording, e.g. modulation, frequency changing; Inverse transformation for playback involving processing of the sound signal

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a multi-mode magnetic recording system and multi-mode magnetic recording and playback system for a video tape recorder (VTR) and, more particularly, to a system for recording audio signals into tracks common to video signals and system for playing them back thereoutof.
  • VTR video tape recorder
  • a plurality of rotary heads such as two, are mounted on a drum or like rotatable member at an equal angular distance.
  • a magnetic tape is wound around the rotary member over an angular range which may be a little over 180 degrees, for example.
  • the rotary heads on the rotatable member are adapted to write video signals on the magnetic tape.
  • a stationary head is located in the path of travel of the magnetic tape so as to write audio signals thereon.
  • the rotary heads read the video signals and the stationary head, the audio signals.
  • a current trend in the art of video tape recording is to extend a record and playback time. This, coupled with the demand for a higher utilization rate of the given area of a magnetic tape, is increasing the tendency toward the installation of two additional rotary heads to the above-mentioned two rotary heads and, accordingly, a lower tape transport speed added to a standard speed. At the same time, there is an increasing demand for higher quality in the playback of audio signals. Because the relative speed between the running tape and the stationary head for writing and reading audio signals is low, there arises a dilemmatic situation that a decrease in the running speed of the tape significantly limits the frequency characteristic of audio signals, compared to that of video signals which are written and read by the rotary heads, restricting high quality audio reproduction.
  • an audio signal is subjected to at least frequency modulation and then frequency multiplexed to a video signal which may be made up of a frequency modulated luminance signal and a low range carrier color signal, the multiplexed signals being written and read by a common rotary head.
  • a video signal which may be made up of a frequency modulated luminance signal and a low range carrier color signal, the multiplexed signals being written and read by a common rotary head.
  • a multi-mode magnetic recording and playback system which is furnished with a rotary head exclusive for audio signal recording.
  • video signals are written on a magnetic tape providing a guard band between adjacent tracks, while audio signals are written in the tape by the exclusive rotary head on the guard band.
  • the system suffers from the drawback that because it is not constructed to keep the centers of the video and audio tracks in order with each other, any tracking error during playback allows, for example, a video head having a given azimuth angle to read audio signals written in the same azimuthal direction or allows an audio head having a given azimuth angle to read video signals of a same azimuthal direction, resulting in an increase of cross-talk.
  • a magnetic recording system in multiple tape speed modes for a video tape recorder which comprises a rotatable body around which a magnetic recording tape is wound over a predetermined angular range, a plurality of rotary video signal recording heads mounted on the rotatable body at predetermined relative distances and performing a recording function in at least two tape speed modes which include a first mode and a second mode, and a pair of rotary audio signal recording heads mounted on the rotatable body at a predetermined distance from each other and having azimuth angles which are different from azimuth angles of the video signal recording heads, the audio signal recording heads being arranged to perform a recording function in common in the first and second modes such that audio signals are written in audio tracks on the running magnetic recording tape at a first track pitch in the first mode and at a second track pitch in the second mode, the video signal recording heads being constructed to write video signals in video tracks on the magnetic recording tape after the audio signals are written in the audio tracks by the audio signal recording heads, the video signal recording heads
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are a plan view and a side elevation respectively showing one embodiment of a head arrangement and the like in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of a rotary head for video signals and that for audio signals which are mounted on a rotary drum in the embodiment;
  • FIG. 4a is a diagram of a tape format for a standard mode 2-hours mode
  • FIG. 4b is a diagram of a tape format for a mode different from the standard (6-hours mode);
  • FIG. 5 is a developed view of the various heads arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a head arrangement in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a developed view of the heads which are arranged in the manner shown in FIG. 6.
  • multi-mode magnetic recording system and multi-mode magnetic recording and playback system for VTR of the present invention is susceptible of numerous physical embodiments, depending upon the environment and requirements of use, substantial numbers of the herein shown and described embodiments have been made, tested and used, and all have performed in an eminently satisfactory manner.
  • VTRs to which the present invention is applicable are of the type capable of recording and reproducing signals not only in an ordinary standard mode (2-hours mode) but also in a mode different from the standard (e.g. 6-hours mode), thereby enhancing efficient use of the available area of a magnetic recording tape.
  • the present invention is directed to further enhancing quality recording and playback of audio signals while preserving the conditions stated above. Basically, this is achieved by employing an additional set of read and write heads exclusively assigned to audio signals and, in order to utilize a difference between the audio signal band and the video signal band, writing an audio signal first and then a video signal over the audio signal track such that their centers substantially coincide with each other so that the two tracks are superposed.
  • a principle technique for forming superposed tracks and reading signals from the superposed tracks is known from such as U.S. Pat. No. 3,278,678, but is only for a single time mode configuration.
  • the system includes a plurality of (two) video heads for an ordinary standard mode (e.g. 2-hours mode), a plurality of (two) video heads for a mode different from the standard (e.g. 6-hours mode), and a plurality of (two) audio heads independently of the video heads.
  • an ordinary standard mode e.g. 2-hours mode
  • a plurality of (two) video heads for a mode different from the standard e.g. 6-hours mode
  • a plurality of (two) audio heads independently of the video heads.
  • a rotary drum 10 which is an exemplary rotatable member, ridigly carries on its periphery a pair of video signal read and write heads H V1 and H V2 for the standard mode. These heads H V1 and H V2 face each other at an angular spacing of 180 degrees along the circumference of the rotary drum 10.
  • the drum 10 also carries therewith audio signal read and write heads H A1 and H A2 ahead the video signal read and write heads H V1 and H V2 respectively, each by an angle T with respect to an intended direction of rotation of the drum 10.
  • the standard mode video heads H V1 and H V2 are respectively positioned ahead of video signal read and write heads H V3 and H V4 for a mode other than the standard (e.g. 6-hours mode) each by an angle ⁇ with respect to the rotating direction of the drum 10.
  • the heads H V1 and H V2 are positioned at the same level on the drum 10 and below the heads H A1 and H A2 at a distance d.
  • the drum 10 is disposed above a stationary drum 12 in such a manner that its bottom faces the top of the drum 12 across a small spacing.
  • a magnetic tape 14 is guided by guide poles 16a and 16b to extend around the rotary drum 10 over an angle somewhat larger than 180 degrees, while being inclined relative to the drum 10.
  • the drum 10 is driven counterclockwise about its axis as viewed in FIG. 1, and the tape 14 in a direction indicated by an arrow X.
  • the rotary heads H V1 and H V2 differ in azimuth angle from each other.
  • the rotary heads H A1 and H A2 have azimuth angles which are substantially larger than those of the rotary heads H V1 and H V2 .
  • video tracks formed by the heads H V1 and H V2 pair and audio tracks formed by the heads H A1 and H A2 pair are located such that the centers thereof substantially coincide with each other.
  • the difference in azimuth angle between the heads H V1 and H A1 and that between the heads H V2 and H A2 be larger than that between the heads H V2 and H A1 or that between the heads H V1 and H A2 where they (H V2 -H A1 , H V1 -H A2 ) do not superpose their tracks on each other.
  • the azimuth angles of the heads H A1 and H A2 have to be different from those of the heads H V1 and H.sub. V2, otherwise audio signals may be reproduced with crosstalk components of the video signals; thus, they should preferably be substantially larger than those of the heads H V1 and H V2 to minimize the crosstalk to occur during playback.
  • the azimuth angle refered to the line perpendicular to the head rotary plane is selected to be -6 degrees for the heads H V1 and H V3 , +6 degrees for the heads H V2 and H V4 , +30 degrees for the head H A1 , and -30 degrees for the heads H A2 .
  • each of the heads H A1 and H A2 is positioned ahead of the associated head H V1 or H V2 by the angle T and above it by the distance d.
  • the drum has a diameter of 62 millimeters, the angle T is 55 degrees, and the distance d is 33.72 microns by way of example. Due to the vertical distance d, the heads H A1 and H A2 start forming audio tracks respectively at positions which are displaced about 33.72 microns from the positions where the heads H V2 and H V1 start forming video tracks. However, the deviation is minor and negligible in the recording or playback performances.
  • the width of the heads H A1 and H A2 ought to be designed less than 58 ⁇ 2/3 microns and, therefore, the track pitch in the 2-hours mode is limited to the same width.
  • a track displaces 58 microns along a line perpendicular to the track in the 2-hours mode for half a rotation of the drum 10 and 58/3 microns in the 6-hours mode where no guard band is provided between adjacent tracks.
  • D 6 58/3 ⁇ T (degrees)/180 (degrees) for the mode different from the standard (6-hours mode). Audio track widths smaller than 58/3 microns are undesirable from the S/N ratio standpoint, this leads a use of an audio head not very much narrower than 58/3 microns for the 6-hours mode, the figure is incidentally equal to the video track width for the mode.
  • FIG. 4a a tape format for the standard mode is shown.
  • the video heads H V1 and H V2 write video signals over audio signals which have been written by the video heads H A1 and H A2 in audio tracks 18 so that the audio tracks 18 are held substantially at the center of video tracks 20. Because of this and a fact that the video heads and audio heads are so mounted and have substantial azimuth angle, differences as described in the foregoing, the possibility of picking up crosstalk components from adjacent tracks on which signals may be recorded with smaller azimuth angle differences with respect to that on the head scanning tracks, is minimized, resulting a favorable playback performance even under the conditions of possible tracking error occurred in the playback operation.
  • FIG. 4b a tape format for a mode other than the standard mode, such as the 6-hours mode, is illustrated.
  • the audio tracks are laid out at a displacement of about 2 microns from the video tracks.
  • a recording or playback operation can be readily performed either in the standard mode (e.g. 2-hours mode) or in another mode (e.g. 6-hours mode) by adjusting the angles, levels, and other parameters of the audio heads.
  • FIG. 5 shows a developed view of a head arrangement in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 shows a head arrangement which differs from the FIG. 1 arrangement in employing a double azimuth head design which is an integral assembly of a video head for the standard mode and one for a mode different therefrom.
  • the FIG. 6 arrangement is shown in a developed view in FIG. 7.
  • the head angle ⁇ 70 degrees is attainable with the first embodiment having the head arrangement shown in FIG. 1.
  • the double azimuth head design for special playback differs from the head arrangement of FIG. 1 with regard to the positional relationship between the heads.
  • the audio track position is laid a microns above the reference line of video tracks for the standard mode (e.g. 2-hours mode) and, when a, b and ⁇ are known, the previously discussed simultaneous equations are solved to obtain
  • a is 16 microns and, therefore,
  • the audio track width is 30 microns, is 14 microns and, therefore,
  • a track width of 20 microns and a distance b of 15 microns provide a which is 19 microns and, accordingly,
  • a is 14 microns and, therefore,
  • the system in accordance with the present invention allows one pair of audio heads to develop audio tracks optimum for both the standard mode (e.g. 2-hours mode) and another mode (e.g. 6-hours mode) by adjusting the angle and vertical level from the video heads to the audio heads. Otherwise, a total of two pairs of the audio heads would be needed for the two time modes.
  • the standard mode e.g. 2-hours mode
  • another mode e.g. 6-hours mode
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown and described and is applicable to a system which employs common video heads for a standard mode (e.g. 2-hours mode) and a mode different therefrom (e.g. 6-hours mode).
  • a standard mode e.g. 2-hours mode
  • a mode different therefrom e.g. 6-hours mode
  • the video and audio heads are provided with different angles to accommodate various track patterns.
  • the 2-hours and 6-hours modes discussed as a standard mode and a mode different therefrom are not limitative and may be replaced by any other recording time modes.
  • the present invention is applicable even with a system which is operable in three or more different recording modes.
  • the audio signals and video signals have been shown and described as being recorded in the opposite azimuthal directions. However, it is sometimes not necessary to have a reverse azimuth arrangement depending upon the relationship between the audio track width, video track width, degree of azimuth angles, carrier frequency for frequency modulating audio signals, etc. Then, the azimuthal direction can naturally be made common to each other.
  • the present invention permits a tracking error developed during playback which otherwise causes a crosstalk between video and audio signals, thereby insuring a quality playback performance even in the extended time mode.
  • This advantage is derived from the configuration in which audio tracks formed on a magnetic recording tape by audio heads and video tracks formed by video heads written over the audio tracks are positioned to have the centers thereof substantially coincident with each other.
  • the present invention facilitates a design of such VTRs having the standard mode (e.g. 2-hours mode) and a mode different therefrom (e.g. 6-hours mode). That is, the two different modes can be accommodated in one unit so that a multi-mode recording system or a recording and playback system of the type described can be produced economically.
  • the standard mode e.g. 2-hours mode
  • a mode different therefrom e.g. 6-hours mode
  • systems operable in a plurality of recording modes may generally be classified into three types, i.e. one using a video head commonly for all the recording modes, one allocating a specific head to a specific recording mode and assigning a common azimuth angle to adjacent video heads, and one allocating a specific head to a specific recording mode but assigning different azimuth angles to thedifferent heads.
  • the present invention is applicable to all such different types of video systems and affords compatibility to recording media which are prepared by the different types of systems.
  • the track pattern may be suitably modifiable so long as it conforms to the equations.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Recording Or Reproducing By Magnetic Means (AREA)
US06/567,977 1983-01-11 1984-01-04 Multi-mode magnetic recording system and multi-mode magnetic recording and playback system for VTR Expired - Lifetime US4633332A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58-2570 1983-01-11
JP58002570A JPS59127202A (ja) 1983-01-11 1983-01-11 多重磁気記録装置及び多重磁気記録再生装置

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US06/644,108 Continuation-In-Part US4660104A (en) 1983-01-11 1984-08-23 Method for recording and/or reproducing video and audio signals on a magnetic tape and a rotary cylinder arrangement therefor

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US (1) US4633332A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS59127202A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
KR (1) KR920003501B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE3400720A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB2137008B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4819097A (en) * 1987-05-13 1989-04-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Audio signal recording/reproducing system for use in time-lapse video tape recorder
US4896220A (en) * 1986-07-28 1990-01-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Magnetic recording method and magnetic recording head used therefor
EP0288276A3 (en) * 1987-04-20 1990-04-11 Victor Company Of Japan, Limited Magnetic-recording apparatus for recording a video signal and an audio signal
US4945438A (en) * 1987-04-24 1990-07-31 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Combined magnetic head
EP0286045A3 (de) * 1987-04-09 1991-05-22 Deutsche Thomson-Brandt GmbH Videorecorder mit Standard- und Langzeitbetrieb
US5057944A (en) * 1987-08-19 1991-10-15 Hitachi, Ltd. Multiplex rotating magnetic head system for multiply recording and erasing audio and video signals
EP0570202A1 (en) * 1992-05-12 1993-11-18 Sony Corporation Method and apparatus for magnetically recording and/or reproducing
US5323273A (en) * 1990-08-10 1994-06-21 Hitachi, Ltd. Audio signal recording and playback apparatus of magnetic recording and playback apparatus
US5563716A (en) * 1994-01-24 1996-10-08 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Video signal reproducing method and apparatus
EP0736869A3 (en) * 1995-04-04 1997-03-05 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd Method and device for recording digital signals and drum unit for recording FM audio signals and digital signals
US5715358A (en) * 1993-06-22 1998-02-03 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Method for recording at least two picture signals and method of reproduction at least two picture signals
WO2000010164A1 (en) * 1998-08-12 2000-02-24 Thomson Multimedia Devices for multi-standard recording on a video tape
US6473273B1 (en) * 1999-03-29 2002-10-29 Alps Electric Co., Ltd. Rotary head assembly
US20110110648A1 (en) * 2008-07-17 2011-05-12 Katsuyuki Sakaniwa Video recording device, video reproduction device, and method thereof

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JPS6045903A (ja) * 1983-08-23 1985-03-12 Victor Co Of Japan Ltd 多重磁気記録方式及び多重磁気記録再生方式
US4660104A (en) * 1983-01-11 1987-04-21 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Method for recording and/or reproducing video and audio signals on a magnetic tape and a rotary cylinder arrangement therefor
JPH065931B2 (ja) * 1986-09-24 1994-01-19 日本ビクター株式会社 磁気記録再生装置
JPS6379480A (ja) * 1986-09-24 1988-04-09 Victor Co Of Japan Ltd 磁気記録再生装置
US5101309A (en) * 1988-08-23 1992-03-31 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Apparatus for automatically optimizing magnetic recording and playback

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JPS57140085A (en) * 1981-02-23 1982-08-30 Hitachi Ltd Audio signal recording and reproducing circuit
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US3278678A (en) * 1962-08-20 1966-10-11 Loewe Opta Ag Magnetic recording and reproducing of video signals, synchronising impulses and audible frequencies
US3846819A (en) * 1967-03-31 1974-11-05 Rca Corp Method for recording two separate signals
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US4293880A (en) * 1978-10-16 1981-10-06 Victor Company Of Japan, Ltd. Apparatus for recording and reproducing video signals at selectable different tape traveling speeds from a plurality of pairs of video heads
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4896220A (en) * 1986-07-28 1990-01-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Magnetic recording method and magnetic recording head used therefor
EP0286045A3 (de) * 1987-04-09 1991-05-22 Deutsche Thomson-Brandt GmbH Videorecorder mit Standard- und Langzeitbetrieb
EP0288276A3 (en) * 1987-04-20 1990-04-11 Victor Company Of Japan, Limited Magnetic-recording apparatus for recording a video signal and an audio signal
US4945438A (en) * 1987-04-24 1990-07-31 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Combined magnetic head
US4819097A (en) * 1987-05-13 1989-04-04 Hitachi, Ltd. Audio signal recording/reproducing system for use in time-lapse video tape recorder
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS59127202A (ja) 1984-07-23
DE3400720A1 (de) 1984-07-19
GB2137008B (en) 1987-05-20
GB8400548D0 (en) 1984-02-15
KR850005658A (ko) 1985-08-28
DE3400720C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1987-08-20
GB2137008A (en) 1984-09-26
KR920003501B1 (ko) 1992-05-01

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