US4610956A - Process for producing support for photographic paper and the support produced by the process - Google Patents

Process for producing support for photographic paper and the support produced by the process Download PDF

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Publication number
US4610956A
US4610956A US06/690,027 US69002785A US4610956A US 4610956 A US4610956 A US 4610956A US 69002785 A US69002785 A US 69002785A US 4610956 A US4610956 A US 4610956A
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United States
Prior art keywords
support
layer
photographic paper
irradiation
hardened
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/690,027
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English (en)
Inventor
Tetsuro Fuchizawa
Yasuzi Asao
Takashi Takayanagi
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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Assigned to FUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. reassignment FUJI PHOTO FILM CO. LTD. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ASAO, YASUZI, FUCHIZAWA, TETSURO, TAKAYANAGI, TAKASHI
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/775—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers the base being of paper
    • G03C1/79—Macromolecular coatings or impregnations therefor, e.g. varnishes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31971—Of carbohydrate
    • Y10T428/31993—Of paper

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for producing a support for photographic paper and a support produced by the process.
  • the procedure that has generally been employed is to overcoat the paper with a polymer covering layer, for example, a polyolefin such as polyethylene.
  • a polymer covering layer for example, a polyolefin such as polyethylene.
  • the dispersibility of a white pigment, which is incorporated in the polyolefin for improving the covering power is poor, whereby the content of the white pigment is limited.
  • titanium dioxide cannot be used in an amount larger than about 20% by weight.
  • the photographic images obtained by using such a support are frequently insufficient in sharpness.
  • 4,364,971 disclose a method involving coating a composition containing an organic compound having an unsaturated bond capable of being polymerized by electron beam irradiation and an inorganic white pigment on a paper support and hardening the coated layer by the irradiation of electron beam. According to the method, a waterproof paper support for photographic papers having a high content of white pigment can be obtained and hence the photographic paper having such a paper support can provide photographic images having high sharpness. Also, Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No.
  • 30830/82 discloses a method for producing a paper support for photographic papers by coating a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by irradiation with electron beam and a white pigment on a base paper, pressing the coated layer onto a high-gloss face under weak pressure, irradiating the coated layer from the back side of the paper by accelerated electron beam while maintaining a contact state of the coated layer with the high-gloss face to harden the coated layer, and then separating the paper support from the high-gloss face.
  • a support superior in flatness and gloss to conventional polyolefin-coated paper support for photographic paper can be obtained.
  • Japanese Patent Application (OPI) No. 120934/82 discloses a method for producing a paper support for photographic paper having plastic coatings on both surfaces.
  • the method comprises coating a polyethylene backed base paper with a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by irradiation with electron beam, hardening the coated layer by the irradiation of electron beam, and forming thereon plastic layers.
  • the paper support for photographic paper obtained by this method has good flatness and does not have adverse influences on the silver halide photographic emulsion layers formed thereon, and photographic paper having such a support gives photographic images having good quality.
  • the electron beam are applied after coating a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by the irradiation of electron beam and a white pigment on a base paper or a polyolefincoated paper
  • the base paper tends to be yellowed by the action of electron beam, thus reducing the whiteness and quality of photographic images formed on the paper support.
  • the yellowing of the base paper further proceeds with the passage of time after the irradiation the electron beam.
  • the objects of this invention therefore, include providing for a support for photographic paper having superior properties with respect to the surface configuration and good whiteness without being accompanied by yellowing of the base paper.
  • a process for producing a support for photographic papers comprising coating a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by irradiation with electron beam and a white pigment on a shaping face, hardening the coated layer by irradiation with electron beam, adhering the resulting coated layer on a base paper with an adhesive, and then peeling off the base paper having the coated hardened layer from the shaping face.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of the method of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a still other embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a photographic paper using a paper support obtained according to this invention.
  • shaping face a substrate capable of being coated with the above-described mixture and forming a film or layer of the mixture, and examples of such a shaping face include a surface configuration of a metal drum, a metal belt, a plastic (e.g., polyester) sheet, etc.
  • the surface configuration of the shaping face is selected according to the desired shape of the surface of the support for photographic papers to be produced. That is, for obtaining a high-gloss surface of the support, a flat shaping face is used and for obtaining a silk fabric pattern or a mat pattern, a configuration surface having a surface pattern corresponding to the desired surface is used.
  • FIG. 1 a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by irradiation with electron beam and a white pigment is coated on a shaping face 2, after irradiating the coated layer by electron beam using an electron beam irradiating device 3, the coated film or layer is adhered to a base paper 6 supplied from a web roll 5 by an adhesive 4, and the base paper having the coated layer thereon is peeled off from the shaping face by means of a peeling roller 10 to provide a paper support 11 for photographic papers.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of this invention, wherein the shaping face is a high-gloss surface of a metal drum 8.
  • a mixture 1 which can be hardened by the irradiation of electron beam is applied onto the shaping face 2 from a vessel 13 through a pick up roller 14, a distributing roller 15, and an applicator roller 16.
  • the coated layer is hardened by passing through an electron beam irradiation device 3 and is adhered to the base paper 6 by an adhesive 4 extruded from a die 7.
  • a nip roller 9 contributes to adhering the base paper to the coated layer, and a metal drum 8 cooled by water and acts a cooling drum.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing another embodiment of this invention, wherein the shaping face 2 is the belt surface of a stainless steel endless belt 12.
  • the endless belt 12 travels endlessly around supporting drums 17 and 18.
  • the supporting drum 18 acts as a cooling drum.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing still another embodiment of this invention, wherein the shaping face is the base surface of polyester base 25.
  • the polyester base is supplied from a web roll 19 and is wound by a winder 24 through a back up roller 20 at a coating section, pass rollers 21 and 22, a cooling drum 23, and a peeling roller 10.
  • the polyester base 13 is desirably used, but other resin bases having a desired surface aptitude can be used in place of the polyester base.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the sectional structure of a photographic paper using a paper support 11 obtained by the method of this invention.
  • a layer hardened by irradiation with electron rays is formed on a base paper 6 by means of an adhesive 4 and a silver halide photographic emulsion layer 33 is formed thereon through a gelatin layer or an oxidized surface 32.
  • a gelatin layer or an oxidized surface 32 is formed thereon through a gelatin layer or an oxidized surface 32.
  • an oxidized surface 34 is formed on the base paper 6 and on the back side of the base paper 6 are formed a back seal layer 35 (a polyethylene layer or a layer hardened by the irradiation of electron beam) and a layer 36 containing an antistatic agent and/or a writability imparting agent.
  • Numeral 11 shows the paper support.
  • the base paper coated with the high-gloss layer at one surface thereof is also coated with a waterproof resin at the other surface in another step.
  • a "backing" layer can be formed by an optional method using an optional material as long as the layer shows a water resisting property to processing liquids.
  • the backing layer may be formed by coating a molten polyethylene or an organic compound layer hardened by irradiation of electron beam may be formed as the back layer.
  • the layers may be successively formed on both the surface of the base paper by the method of this invention using a accelerator for hardening the layer.
  • the adhering operation is preferably performed under pressure by a nip roll for preventing the entrance of bubbles.
  • a drum or a stainless belt wherein a desired pattern is engraved on the surface thereof may be used.
  • organic compounds hardenable by the irradiation with electron beam various known compounds can be used, and particularly preferred compounds in this invention include compounds having an unsaturated bond polymerizable by irradiation with electron beam, such as, for example, compounds each having, preferably, plural vinyl or vinylidene carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • compounds having an unsaturated bond polymerizable by irradiation with electron beam such as, for example, compounds each having, preferably, plural vinyl or vinylidene carbon-carbon double bonds.
  • compounds containing an acryloyl group, an acrylamido group, an allyl group, a vinylether group, a vinylthioether group, etc. and unsaturated polyesters, etc.
  • Particularly preferred compounds of the foregoing compounds having the unsaturated bonds are compounds having acryloyl groups or methacryloyl groups at both terminals of the straight chain of the compound. These compounds are described, for example, in A. Vrancken; Fatipec Congress. 1119 (1972).
  • a practical example of such a compound is ##STR1##
  • the polyester skeleton of the compound illustrated above may be replaced by a polyurethane skeleton, an epoxy resin skeleton, a polyether skeleton, a polycarbonate skeleton or a combination of these skeletons.
  • the terminal groups of the illustrated compound may be replaced with methacryloyl groups.
  • the molecular weight of the compounds be from about 500 to about 20,000.
  • Such compounds are also commercially available, e.g., as Arrownix M6100, M7100, etc., made by Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
  • a monomer having an unsaturated carbon-carbon bond in the molecule and/or an organic solvent may be used together with the foregoing compound.
  • a monomer includes, for example, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, methyl acrylate (and homologs thereof, acrylic acid alkyl esters), methyl methacrylate (and homologs thereof, methacrylic acid esters), styrene (and homologs thereof, ⁇ -methylstyrene, ⁇ -chlorostyrene, etc.), acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, acrylamide, methacrylamide, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, etc.
  • the monomer may have two or more unsaturated bonds in the molecule.
  • Particularly preferred monomers are unsaturated esters of polyols, such as ethylene glycol diacrylate, butoxyethyl acrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol acrylate, stearyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, diethylene glycol diacrylate, diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, tetraethylene glycol diacrylate, glycerol trimethacrylate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate, etc., and glycidyl methacrylate having an epoxy ring.
  • the ratio of the polymer (and/or the oligomer)/the monomer is preferably higher than 2/8, and if the ratio is outside the aforesaid range, a large amount of energy is required for hardening.
  • the compound or composition which is hardened by the irradiation of electron beam may further contain, if desired, a thermoplastic resin such as a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, a cellulose series resin, an acetal series resin, a vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride series resin, a urethane resin, an acrylonitrile butadiene resin, etc., solely or as a mixture thereof.
  • a thermoplastic resin such as a vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer, a cellulose series resin, an acetal series resin, a vinyl chloride-vinylidene chloride series resin, a urethane resin, an acrylonitrile butadiene resin, etc., solely or as a mixture thereof.
  • White pigments which can be incorporated in the layer include TiO 2 , ZnO, SiO 2 , BaSO 4 , CaSO 4 , CaCO 3 , talc, clay, etc., but other inorganic white pigments may be also used. Also, if desired, other colored pigment may be used together with the white pigment.
  • the content of the white pigment is generally selected in the range of from 20 to 90% by weight (based on the total weight of the mixture) and is preferably about 50% by weight.
  • the coated amount (coverage) of the coated layer is generally from 5 to 100 g/m 2 , preferably from 5 to 50 g/m 2 , and is more preferably from 5 to 20 g/m 2 from the viewpoint of sharpness of images in the white pigment.
  • these components are supplied into a kneader simultaneously or successively.
  • a dispersing agent may be added to the composition together with a white pigment.
  • kneaders are used for kneading the above-described components.
  • a two roll mill there are a two roll mill, a three roll mill, a ball mill, a pebble mill, a trommel, a sand grinder, a Szegvari attritor, a high-speed impeller dispersing machine, a high-speed stone mill, a high-speed impact mill, a kneader, a high-speed mixer, a homogenizer, a ultrasonic dispersing machine, etc.
  • the coating composition described above can be coated on a base by an air doctor coating method, a blade coating method, an air knife coating method, a squeeze coating method, a reverse roll coating method, a transfer roll coating method, a gravure coating method, a kiss coating method, a cast coating method, a spray coating method, a spin coating method, etc., and such methods are practically described, for example, in Coating Engineering, pages 253-277, published by Asakura Shoten, March 1971.
  • the acceleration voltage is generally from 100 to 1,000 KV, and preferably from 100 to 300 KV, and the absorption dose is generally from 0.5 to 20 mega rads, and preferably from 2 to 10 mega rads. If the acceleration voltage is lower than 100 KV, the penetration amount of energy tends to become insufficient, and if the voltage is over 1,000 KV, the energy efficiency of the polymerization is reduced, which is economically undesirable.
  • the absorption dose is less than 0.5 mega rads, the hardening reaction tends to be limited, whereby a desired good quality is not obtained, while if the dose is higher than 20 mega rads, the energy efficiency of the hardening is reduced and also the irradiated material generates heat, which are undesirable.
  • the adhesives for adhering the coated layer hardened by the irradiation of electron beam to a base paper there is no particular restriction on the adhesives for adhering the coated layer hardened by the irradiation of electron beam to a base paper and adhesives having an adhesive strength of not peeling the coated layer from the base paper during the production steps of the support, coating steps of photographic emulsions and processing steps for the photographic materials.
  • adhesives for adhering the coated layer hardened by the irradiation of electron beam to a base paper and adhesives having an adhesive strength of not peeling the coated layer from the base paper during the production steps of the support, coating steps of photographic emulsions and processing steps for the photographic materials.
  • urea resin adhesives, melamine resin adhesives, phenol resin adhesives, vinyl acetate solution type adhesives, vinyl acetate emulsion type adhesives, etc. can be used, but hot melt type adhesives are particularly effective.
  • Useful hot melt type adhesives include polyolefins, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, ethylene-acrylate copolymers, ethylene-isobutyl acrylate copolymers, polyamide series adhesives, butyral series adhesives, vinyl acetate-crotonic acid copolymers, vinyl acetate-phthalic anhydride copolymers, cellulose derivative adhesives, polyester series adhesives, polymethyl methacrylate series adhesives, polyvinyl ether series adhesives, polyurethane series adhesives, etc.
  • Polyethylene is particularly preferred as the polyolefins. In the case of employing polyethylene as the adhesives, the polymer is melted at 300° C. ⁇ 20° C. and extruded onto the base paper through a slit nozzle.
  • the adhesive layer such as, for example, a polyolefin layer as the adhesive layer, may contain up to 20% by weight of a white pigment, such as preferably rutile type or anataze type titanium dioxide. In this case, zinc oxide and/or calcium carbonate may be used together with titanium dioxide.
  • the polyolefin layer may further contain a small amount of a colored pigment for controlling the color hue.
  • the polyolefin layer may contain other additives such as a fluorescent brightening agent, a dispersing agent, etc.
  • the base paper may is usually subjected to a surface treatment such as a corona discharging treatment, a flame treatment, etc., before the application of the adhesive such as molten polyolefin, etc., to increase the adhesive strength with the polyolefin layer.
  • a surface treatment such as a corona discharging treatment, a flame treatment, etc.
  • the base paper for use as the support is acid sized by a fatty acid soap, a fatty acid anhydride, etc., or neutrally sized by an alkylketone dimer, etc.
  • the base paper can contain a dry paper strength increasing agent, a wet paper strength increasing agent, a fluorescent brightening agent, a coloring agent, a pigment, etc.
  • the base paper be surface sized by a water-soluble binder or a water-dispersible binder.
  • the surface size layer can contain a water repellent, an antistatic agent, a fluorescent brightening agent, a coloring agent, a pigment, etc.
  • the weight of the base paper is usually from 60 to 250 g/m 2 , and preferably from 80 to 200 g/m 2 .
  • the base paper may be manufactured solely from natural cellulose fibers, or from a mixture of natural cellulose fibers and synthetic fibers.
  • the layer hardened by the irradiation of electron beam, after peeling off from the shaping face, is usually subjected to a known surface treatment, such as a corona discharging treatment, a flame treatment, etc.
  • a surface treatment by ozone or various wet chemical surface oxidations (as described, e.g., in U.S. Pat. No. 3,317,330), or a ultraviolet irradiation treatment is applicable. Therefore, a gelatin may be coated on the layer before coating silver halide photographic emulsion.
  • the backing layer i.e., the polyolefin layer or a layer hardened by irradiation with electron beam
  • an antistatic agent or a writability-imparting agent e.g., pigment in binder
  • a mixture of an organic compound capable of being hardened by the irradiation of electron beam and a white pigment was coated on a high-gloss metal drum by means of a transfer roll coating method.
  • the composition of the mixture of the organic compound and the white pigment was as follows.
  • the coated amount was 20 g/m 2 . Thereafter, the layer thus formed was irradiated by electron beam on the metal drum at an acceleration voltage of 200 KV and an absorption dose of 10 mega rads.
  • the hardened layer was peeled off from the metal drum and stuck to a base paper having a weight of 170 g/m 2 and a reflectance of 102% at 440 m ⁇ , adjusted by using a fluorescent brightening agent having the structure ##STR2## using molten polyethylene having the following composition as an adhesive by the manner shown in FIG. 1.
  • the above-described adhesive composition was pre-mixed in a Banbury mixer and then extruded at 290° C. and at a thickness of 20 ⁇ m by means of an extruding machine. Then, the base paper having the layer hardened by the irradiation of electron beam was peeled off from the metal drum. Then, the uncoated back surface of the base paper was coated with a polyethylene mixture having the following composition at a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to provide Sample No. 1.
  • Polyethylene having the same composition as Composition B in Example 1 was extruded at 290° C. and at a thickness of 20 ⁇ m and melt-coated on the surface of the base paper as in Example 1. Then, a mixture (Composition A in Example 1) of the organic compound hardenable by the irradiation of electron beam and the white pigment was coated on the polyethylene layer of the base paper at a coverage of 20 g/m 2 . Then, the base paper having the coated layers was pressed onto a high-gloss metal drum surface and then the coated layers were irradiated by electron beam in the coated state from the back side of the paper at an acceleration voltage of 200 KV and an absorption dose of 10 mega rads. Then, the uncoated back surface of the base paper was coated with polyethylene having the same composition as Composition C in Example 1 at a thickness of 30 ⁇ m to provide Sample No. 2.
  • the reflectance at 440 nm of Sample No. 1 is higher than that of Sample No. 2 and the reduction of the reflectance at 440 nm overtime is lower for Sample No. 1 than for Sample 2. This is because the reflectance at 440 nm of the base paper of Sample No. 2 is reduced due to irradiation by electron beam, as well as the reduction of the reflectance with the passage of time being severe for Sample No. 2.
  • a support for photographic papers having a high spectral reflectance and good whiteness can be obtained. Also, by selecting the shaping face, a support for photographic papers having a gloss surface, a silk fabric pattern, or a mat pattern surface can be obtained.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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US06/690,027 1984-01-09 1985-01-09 Process for producing support for photographic paper and the support produced by the process Expired - Fee Related US4610956A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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JP59-1666 1984-01-09
JP59001666A JPS60144736A (ja) 1984-01-09 1984-01-09 写真用印画紙支持体の製造法

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5374508A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-12-20 New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Support sheet for photographic printing sheet
US5470652A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-11-28 Oji Paper Co., Ltd Support sheet for photographic printing paper and process for producing the sheet
US5567572A (en) * 1990-12-21 1996-10-22 New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Support sheet for photographic printing sheet
US5783043A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Christensen; Leif Paper coating apparatus
US6210516B1 (en) 1994-02-18 2001-04-03 Ronald Sinclair Nohr Process of enhanced chemical bonding by electron seam radiation
US20040202928A1 (en) * 2003-01-26 2004-10-14 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and manufacturing methods of an electrode used therein
US20100230618A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 John Drenter Electron beam web irradiation apparatus and process

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0213231B1 (de) * 1985-09-04 1989-05-03 Felix Schoeller jr Foto- und Spezialpapiere GmbH & Co. KG Wasserfester Papierträger für fotografische Schichten
JPH01177536A (ja) * 1988-01-06 1989-07-13 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd 写真用印画紙支持体
JPH02133698A (ja) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Kanzaki Paper Mfg Co Ltd 両面塗被紙の製造方法
US20070218254A1 (en) * 2006-03-15 2007-09-20 Xiaoqi Zhou Photographic printing paper and method of making same

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US3583881A (en) * 1968-04-25 1971-06-08 Rohm & Haas Mineral-coated paper and method of producing it
US4133710A (en) * 1975-01-21 1979-01-09 Cordotex Sa Method for forming a polyethylene layer on a substrate
US4364971A (en) * 1980-06-18 1982-12-21 Felix Schoeller, Jr. Gmbh & Co. Waterproof photographic paper and method of producing same
US4384040A (en) * 1980-06-14 1983-05-17 Felix Schoeller, Jr. Waterproof photographic paper
US4521445A (en) * 1982-09-07 1985-06-04 Energy Sciences, Inc. Method and apparatus for electron curing on a cooled drum

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US3658620A (en) * 1968-06-17 1972-04-25 Scm Corp Irradiation lamination process for air-inhibited polymers
JPS6023006B2 (ja) * 1978-06-08 1985-06-05 住友デュレズ株式会社 ワックス類を熱硬化性ホルムアルデヒド系ベ−スレジンに転写する方法
US4246297A (en) * 1978-09-06 1981-01-20 Energy Sciences Inc. Process and apparatus for the curing of coatings on sensitive substrates by electron irradiation
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US3583881A (en) * 1968-04-25 1971-06-08 Rohm & Haas Mineral-coated paper and method of producing it
US4133710A (en) * 1975-01-21 1979-01-09 Cordotex Sa Method for forming a polyethylene layer on a substrate
US4384040A (en) * 1980-06-14 1983-05-17 Felix Schoeller, Jr. Waterproof photographic paper
US4364971A (en) * 1980-06-18 1982-12-21 Felix Schoeller, Jr. Gmbh & Co. Waterproof photographic paper and method of producing same
US4521445A (en) * 1982-09-07 1985-06-04 Energy Sciences, Inc. Method and apparatus for electron curing on a cooled drum

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5374508A (en) * 1990-12-21 1994-12-20 New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Support sheet for photographic printing sheet
US5567572A (en) * 1990-12-21 1996-10-22 New Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Support sheet for photographic printing sheet
US5470652A (en) * 1991-10-03 1995-11-28 Oji Paper Co., Ltd Support sheet for photographic printing paper and process for producing the sheet
US6210516B1 (en) 1994-02-18 2001-04-03 Ronald Sinclair Nohr Process of enhanced chemical bonding by electron seam radiation
US5783043A (en) * 1996-01-11 1998-07-21 Christensen; Leif Paper coating apparatus
US20040202928A1 (en) * 2003-01-26 2004-10-14 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and manufacturing methods of an electrode used therein
US7258948B2 (en) * 2003-02-26 2007-08-21 Sanyo Electric Co., Ltd. Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and manufacturing methods of an electrode used therein
US20100230618A1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2010-09-16 John Drenter Electron beam web irradiation apparatus and process
US8106369B2 (en) * 2009-03-10 2012-01-31 Pct Engineered Systems, Llc Electron beam web irradiation apparatus and process

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Publication number Publication date
JPS60144736A (ja) 1985-07-31
JPH0554652B2 (de) 1993-08-13
EP0150722A3 (de) 1988-06-01
EP0150722A2 (de) 1985-08-07

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