US4544717A - Polymerization catalysts - Google Patents

Polymerization catalysts Download PDF

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Publication number
US4544717A
US4544717A US06/152,531 US15253180A US4544717A US 4544717 A US4544717 A US 4544717A US 15253180 A US15253180 A US 15253180A US 4544717 A US4544717 A US 4544717A
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United States
Prior art keywords
compound
electron
donor
catalysts
donor compound
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US06/152,531
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English (en)
Inventor
Adolfe Mayr
Ermanno Susa
Antonio Leccese
Velmore Davoli
Ettoro Giachetti
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Montedison SpA
Himont Inc
Basell North America Inc
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Montecatini Edison SpA
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Assigned to HIMONT INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF DE reassignment HIMONT INCORPORATED, A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: MONTEDISON S.P.A., A COMPANY OF THE REPUBLIC OF GERMANY
Assigned to MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V. reassignment MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MONTEDISON S.P.A.
Assigned to MONTELL NORTH AMERICA INC. reassignment MONTELL NORTH AMERICA INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V.
Assigned to MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V. reassignment MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: MONTELL NORTH AMERICA INC.
Assigned to MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V. reassignment MONTELL TECHNOLOGY COMPANY B.V. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SPHERILENE S.P.A.
Assigned to SPHERILENE S.P.A. reassignment SPHERILENE S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: AUSIMONT S.P.A.
Assigned to MONTEDISON S.P.A. reassignment MONTEDISON S.P.A. ADOPTION OF ABBREVIATED CORPORATE NAME Assignors: MONTECATINI EDISON S.P.A.
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00—Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/02—Carriers therefor
    • C08F4/022—Magnesium halide as support anhydrous or hydrated or complexed by means of a Lewis base for Ziegler-type catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/906—Comminution of transition metal containing catalyst

Definitions

  • Our group has also disclosed highly active catalysts for polymerizing olefins obtained by mixing hydrides or organometallic compounds of the Groups I to III metals with products obtained by contacting a titanium trihalide with carriers consisting of preactivated anhydrous Mg halides or with normally inactive anhydrous Mg halides but under conditions such that the anhydrous Mg halides are converted to active form.
  • One object of this invention is to provide new and improved, highly active catalysts for the homo- and copolymerization of ethylene and higher alpha-olefins.
  • Electron-donor compounds which may be used in preparing the improved catalysts of the invention are characterized in containing one or more electronegative groups such as, for instance, the nitro-, ethero-, ester, amino, and nitrile group in which the electron-donor atom is, in general, a N,O,P,S,As or Sb atom.
  • the electron-donor compounds are preferably selected from among amines, such as n-butylamine, trimethylamine and triethylamine, pyridine, etc.; P-compounds such as phosphines, oxyhalides of P, alkylphosphoramides, for example tris-N, N-dimethylphosphoramide, the trialkyl phosphates and phosphites; stibines and arsines; ethers and thioethers such as ethylphenyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofurane and thiophene; esters including ethyl acetate, diethyl fumarate, dihexyl phthalate; nitriles such as benzonitrile, acetonitrile etc.; ketones such as acetone, benzophenon; the nitro-compounds such as nitrobenzene, dinitrocyclohexene, trinitrobenzene; aldehy
  • Particularly representative addition products are: TiCl 4 .1 C 4 H 8 O 2 ; TiCl 4 .2 C 4 H 8 O; TiCl 4 .1 C 4 H 4 S; TiCl 4 .2 C 5 H 5 N; TiCl 4 .2 CH 3 CN; [TiCl 4 .1 POCl 3 ] 2 ; [TiCl 4 .1 [(CH 3 ) 2 N] 3 PO]; [TiCl 4 .1 CH 3 OOOC 2 H 5 ] 2 ; TiCl 4 .1 C 4 H 9 NH 2 ; TiCl 4 .1 N(CH 3 ) 3 ; TiBr 4 .2 POBr 3 ; TiCl 4 .1 P(C 6 H 5 ) 3 ; TiCl 4 .1 C 6 H 5 NO 2 ; Ti(OC 6 H 5 ) 4 .1 N(C 2 H 5 ) 3 ; Ti(OC 6 H 5 ) 4 .1 C 5 H 5 N;
  • C 4 H 8 O, C 4 H 8 O 2 , C 4 H 4 S, C 5 H 5 N comprise, respectively, a tetrahydrofurane, a dioxane, a thiophene and a pyridine molecule.
  • the ratio of Ti compound to complexing compound in the addition product is in general comprised within a very wide range. Particularly high catalytic activities have been obtained by the use of addition products in which said ratio has the value 1.
  • the preparation of the addition products is generally carried out by adding solutions of the electron-donor compound to solutions of the Ti compound. Usually it is not necessary to heat up the reaction mixture inasmuch as the reaction resulting in the formation of the complexed substance is generally exothermic.
  • the addition products that are formed are in general colored solid substances which are separated by filtering and drying under vacuum.
  • Titanium compounds particularly suited for use in the preparation of the addition products according to this invention are the halides, oxyhalides and alcoholates.
  • the order in which the reactants for the preparation of the supported catalytic component are added is not critical. However, it is preferred to contact the carrier with the Ti compound in the presence of the electron-donor compound, or to first contact the electron-donor with the carrier in the active form and then add the titanium compound.
  • the catalysts of this invention are thus the products formed by mixing a hydride or organometallic compound of a Group I to III metal with the product which results when an addition compound of Ti of the type indicated above, or a di-, tri-, or tetravalent Ti compound and an electron-donor compound, is (or are) brought into contact with a carrier consisting of, or containing, an anhydrous Mg halide, more particularly MgCl 2 or MgBr 2 , either in preactivated form or in non-active form but under conditions designed to activate the Mg halide.
  • a carrier consisting of, or containing, an anhydrous Mg halide, more particularly MgCl 2 or MgBr 2 , either in preactivated form or in non-active form but under conditions designed to activate the Mg halide.
  • active anhydrous magnesium halide we intend such a halide having one or both of the following characteristics
  • the active Mg halide has a surface area higher than 3 m 2 /g and preferably higher than 10 m 2 /g
  • the most active forms of the magnesium halides are characterized in that the X-ray spectra thereof show a broadening of the diffraction line which is normally most intense and/or have a surface area higher than 15 m 2 /g.
  • the X-ray spectrum of many active forms is characterized in that the diffraction line appearing at a lattice distance (d) of 2.56 ⁇ , and which is the most intense in the spectrum of the normal MgCl 2 , is less intense, while in its place a broadened halo appears at a lattice distance within the ranges from 2.56 to 2.95 ⁇ .
  • the supported catalytic component is prepared by co-grinding anhydrous Mg halide and the titanium addition compound, or with a di-, tri-, or tetravalent Ti compound and an electron-donor compound, according to known technologies, for grinding times and under conditions sufficient to convert the anhydrous Mg halide into an active form having the above defined characteristics.
  • the grinding is preferably carried out in a ball mill or grinder operating according to the dry method, in the absence of liquid inert diluents.
  • the supported catalytic component may be prepared, also, by simply mixing, in the solid state, the Ti-complex, or a di-, tri-, or tetravalent Ti compound and an electron-donor compound, with anhydrous Mg halide which has been preactivated.
  • the active anhydrous Mg halides can be obtained by methods other than grinding.
  • One such method consists in starting with a compound of the formula RMgX, in which R is a hydrocarbon radical, and X is a halogen, and effecting a disproportioning thereof by known methods, or by treatment with halogenated compounds such as, for instance, anhydrous gaseous hydrochloric acid.
  • Another method consists in thermally decomposing, under reduced pressure, coordination complexes of the anhydrous Mg halides with Lewis bases or acids or by decomposing the Mg halides in the form of compounds containing organic crystallization solvents.
  • MgCl 2 in an active form may be obtained by this method from its solutions in ethanol.
  • the quantity of the Ti addition compound or complex useful in preparing the supported catalytic component may be comprised within a wide range the lower limit of which may be below 0.01% by weight with respect to the carrier, and the upper limit of which may reach values above 30% by weight and more.
  • the molar ratio between the Al compound and the Ti compound is not critical. When the catalysts are used in the polymerization of ethylene, such ratio is preferably comprised between 50 and 1000.
  • the catalysts of this invention are used in the homo- and copolymerization of olefines according to the known techniques, that is, in the liquid phase, in the presence or absence of an inert solvent, or in the gaseous phase.
  • the temperature of the polymerization may be comprised between-80° and+200° C., but preferably is comprised between 50° and 100° C., operating at atmospheric pressure or at a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure.
  • the regulation of the molecular weight of the polymer during the polymerization is achieved by known expedients, for instance by operating in the presence of alkyl halides, organometallic Zn or Cd compounds, or hydrogen.
  • the activity of the known catalysts obtained from compounds of transition metals and organometallic compounds of the metals of the I, II and III Groups is considerably reduced when hydrogen or other chain-transfer agents are included in the polymerization zone for regulating the molecular weight of the polymer produced.
  • the polyethylene obtained with the new catalysts is a substantially linear and highly crystalline polymer with density values equal to or greater than 0.96 g/cc, having high processability characteristics which in general are higher than those of the polyethylene obtained with the normal Ziegler-type catalysts.
  • the content in Ti of the nonpurified polymer is in general less than 20 ppm.
  • the product discharged has a Ti content of 0.79% and a superficial area of ⁇ 13 m 2 /g
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 0.47% by weight and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 1.15% and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • Example 2 Using 0.137 g of the ground product and operating under the same conditions as those of Example 1, there were obtained 435 g of polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 3.0 dl/g and an apparent density of 0.344 g/cc. The yield in polymer amounted to 272,000 g/g of Ti.
  • Example 2 Using 0.074 g of the ground product and operating under the same conditions as those of Example 1, there were obtained 204 g of polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.1 dl/g. The yield in polymer was 265,000 g/g of Ti.
  • Example 2 Using 0.097 g of the ground product and under the polymerization conditions indicated in Example 1 there were obtained 232 g of polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity of 2.6 dl/g and an apparent density of 0.328 g/cc. The yield in polymer amounted to 331,000 g/g of Ti.
  • Example 2 Using 0.085 g of the ground product and operating under the conditions of Example 1 there were obtained 325 g of polyethylene having an intrinsic viscosity 2.6 dl/g. The yield in polymer amounted to 340,000 g/g of Ti.
  • Example 10 was repeated except that 13.02 g of-chlorophenol were used.
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 0.36% b.w. and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • the content of the ground product amounted to 0.43% and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • Example 13 was repeated except that anhydrous MgBr 2 (20 g) was used as the carrier.
  • Example 15 was repeated except that 8.80 g of dioxane were used.
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 0.76% and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • Example 17 was repeated except that 0.55 g of benzenealdehyde was used as the complexing agent.
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 0.85% and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • Example 18 was repeated except that 0.24 g of acetone was used as the complexing agent.
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 0.85% and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • Example 9 was repeated except that the magnesium chloride and p-chlorophenol were first ground for 2 hours, in the absence of TiCl 4 , and that the product thus obtained was then re-ground for another 2 hours in the presence of TiCl 4 .
  • the Ti content of the ground product amounted to 0.79% and its superficial area was ⁇ 13 m 2 /g.
  • Example 9 was repeated but with the difference that first the magnesium chloride was ground for 2 hours in the presence of TiCl 4 and that, thereafter, the product thus obtained, was reground for another 2 hours in the presence of p-chlorophenol.
  • Group I to III metal derivative used in the examples was aluminum triisobutyl, equivalent results are obtained when other derivatives of said metals are used, such as the hydrides and organometallic compounds specified herein.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US06/152,531 1969-06-20 1980-05-22 Polymerization catalysts Expired - Lifetime US4544717A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1846269 1969-06-20
IT18462A/69 1969-06-20
IT1882369 1969-06-27
IT18823A/69 1969-06-27

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AT (1) AT302648B (ja)
BE (1) BE752252A (ja)
CS (1) CS153084B2 (ja)
DE (1) DE2029992C3 (ja)
DK (1) DK130744B (ja)
ES (1) ES380918A1 (ja)
FR (1) FR2052706A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1310547A (ja)
IL (1) IL34739A (ja)
NL (1) NL162664B (ja)
PL (1) PL80715B1 (ja)
RO (1) RO62731A (ja)
SE (1) SE417611B (ja)
SU (1) SU414770A3 (ja)
YU (1) YU36189B (ja)

Cited By (74)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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US4780440A (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-10-25 Neste Oy Catalyst component for alpha olefine-polymerizing catalysts and procedure for manufacturing the same
US4780438A (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-10-25 Neste Oy Catalyst component for alpha olefine-polymerizing catalysts and procedure for manufacturing the same
US4780442A (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-10-25 Neste Oy Catalyst component for alpha olefine-polymerizing catalysts and procedure for manufacturing the same
US4780439A (en) * 1986-04-01 1988-10-25 Neste Oy Catalyst component for alpha olefine-polymerizing catalysts and procedure for manufacturing the same
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YU36189B (en) 1982-02-25
IL34739A (en) 1973-10-25
SU414770A3 (ru) 1974-02-05
GB1310547A (en) 1973-03-21
FR2052706A5 (ja) 1971-04-09
BE752252A (fr) 1970-12-21
ES380918A1 (es) 1973-04-01
RO62731A (fr) 1978-03-15
JPS5819334B1 (ja) 1983-04-18
IL34739A0 (en) 1970-08-19
PL80715B1 (ja) 1975-08-30
NL7008708A (ja) 1970-12-22
DE2029992C3 (de) 1975-04-17
DE2029992B2 (de) 1974-08-15
NL162664B (nl) 1980-01-15
CS153084B2 (ja) 1974-02-22
AT302648B (de) 1972-10-25
US4636486A (en) 1987-01-13
DK130744B (da) 1975-04-07
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SE417611B (sv) 1981-03-30
YU153970A (en) 1981-06-30

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