US4513813A - Air-cooled steam condenser - Google Patents

Air-cooled steam condenser Download PDF

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Publication number
US4513813A
US4513813A US06/344,634 US34463482A US4513813A US 4513813 A US4513813 A US 4513813A US 34463482 A US34463482 A US 34463482A US 4513813 A US4513813 A US 4513813A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
steam
manifold
outlet manifold
condenser
cooling air
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US06/344,634
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English (en)
Inventor
Alessandro Zanobini
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Nuovo Pignone SpA
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Nuovo Pignone SpA
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Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone SpA filed Critical Nuovo Pignone SpA
Assigned to NUOVO PIGNONE S.P.A. reassignment NUOVO PIGNONE S.P.A. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: ZANOBINI, ALESSANDRO
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Publication of US4513813A publication Critical patent/US4513813A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D7/082—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration
    • F28D7/085—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag with serpentine or zig-zag configuration in the form of parallel conduits coupled by bent portions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/217—Space for coolant surrounds space for vapor
    • Y10S165/221—Vapor is the only confined fluid
    • Y10S165/222—Plural parallel tubes confining vapor connecting between spaced headers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/90—Cooling towers

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an air-cooled condenser for condensing vapor, especially water vapor, and particularly to an efficient air-cooled steam condenser which suppresses backflow and inhibits the formation of ice therein.
  • the fluid or vapor to be condensed is caused to flow through superposed rows of finned heat exchange tubes which are all fed by a common dispensing manifold and which all drain to a single common manifold in which the condensate is collected.
  • a stream of cooling air impinges onto the external surfaces of the tubes, in crossflow, the stream of cooling air being driven by blowers between the superposed rows of tubes.
  • the air flows between the rows sequentially and it is thus apparent that more vapor will condense in the first row (on which the air initially impinges and which is consequently contacted by the coolest air) than in the remaining rows, the condensing ability gradually decreasing as the air contacts the other rows of tubes of the condenser.
  • the amount of condensation carried out in the secondary condenser must be increased so as to prevent freezing. Consequently, the surface of the secondary condenser should be increased (by up to 50%), and the result is not only an increase in cost but also the risk of entrainment of the condensate increases and the pressure drop increases so that the condensation temperature is far from being satisfactory.
  • a further disadvantage of the condenser is its poor adaptability to abrupt variations of load, so that, if the rate of flow of steam increases, a large amount of steam reaches the secondary condenser before the regulation system can act on the blowers, and the secondary condenser is incapable of handling this amount of steam. The result is a detrimental, sudden and abrupt rise of the condensation pressure.
  • the finned heat exchange tubes of the bundle are each in the form of a coil consisting of three finned elements arranged horizontally and parallel to each other in consecutive rows relative to the direction of the cooling air stream, which direction is generally perpendicular to the bundle of tubes, the elements being connected together by two elbow fittings arranged at an angle with a positive slope to facilitate drainage of the condensate.
  • This constructional arrangement enables the same working conditions to occur in each coil because the elements which correspond to one another in the coil are arranged in the same way relative to the cooling air stream so that the trend of the temperature of the air is the same for all of the coils.
  • the steam feed and the venting of uncondensable gas and of the residual steam are on opposite sides of the condenser, so that the pressure drop is balanced. The same is true of the flow of steam in each coil. Summing up, the same identical conditions apply for the fluid exiting the heat exchange tubes, whereby the occurrence of backflow, even if a single feed manifold and a single outlet manifold are used, is excluded, and whereby the condenser may have a small bulk.
  • the three convolutions of each coil are staggered with respect to one another (relative to the path of the cooling air stream) so that the portion of the cooling air stream flowing between the first convolutions of the coils will impinge on the second convolutions, and the portion of the stream flowing between the second convolutions will impinge on the third convolutions, so that the maximum exploitation of the cooling air is thereby achieved.
  • the dispensing manifolds and the outlet manifolds are arranged at an angle and parallel to each other, the dispensing manifold being fed from the bottom whereas in the outlet manifold the condensate is drained from the bottom by gravity and the uncondensable gas together with the residual steam are removed from the top with the aid of an ejector.
  • the efficiency of the condenser is improved since, in the outlet manifold, there is a countercurrent flow between the condensate which drains downwards and the residual steam which flows upwards, and heat is exchanged therebetween by direct contact so as to cause additional condensation of the residual steam.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatical perspective view, partly in cross-section, of a preferred sloping arrangement of two steam condensers according to the invention, fed by a common steam inlet;
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatical side view, partly in section and on an enlarged scale, of the arrangement of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view taken along the line A--A of FIG. 1.
  • a scaffolding structure 1 for supporting two air-cooled steam condensers 2 and 2' according to the invention arranged at an angle in the manner of a roof and fed by a single steam dispensing manifold 3.
  • Each condenser 2 and 2' comprises a respective dispensing manifold 4 or 4' for the steam to be condensed, connected to and fed from the steam dispensing manifold 3, and a respective outlet manifold 5 or 5', connected at the bottom to a respective condensate collecting manifold 6 or 6' and at the top to a respective conduit 7 or 7' for venting the uncondensable gas and the residual steam via an ejector (not shown).
  • Each dispensing manifold 4 or 4' is connected to the respective outlet manifold 5 or 5' by a respective bundle 8 or 8' of finned heat-exchange tubes arranged parallel to each other, with their axes horizontal. Beneath them, there is a respective blower 9 or 9', supported by the scaffolding structure 1 and driven by a respective motor 10 or 10', generating a stream of cooling air in the direction of the respective arrows 11 or 11'.
  • Each heat-exchange tube of each bundle 8 and 8' is a finned coil consisting of three convolutions 12, 13 and 14 (see FIG. 3) which are arranged horizontally and parallel to each other in consecutive rows relative to the direction 11 or 11' of the cooling air stream.
  • the finned convolutions 12, 13 and 14 of each coil are connected together by two elbow fittings 15 and 16 which are arranged at an angle with a positive slope to encourage draining of the condensate (see FIG. 2).
  • the convolutions are in a co-current relationship with the stream 11, i.e., the finned convolution 14, which opens into the outlet manifold 5 (see FIG. 3) is in the outermost row relative to the direction of the cooling air stream, whereas the finned convolution 12, connected to the dispensing manifold 4, is the first row to be contacted by the air stream.
US06/344,634 1981-02-18 1982-02-01 Air-cooled steam condenser Expired - Lifetime US4513813A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT19823A/81 1981-02-18
IT19823/81A IT1135516B (it) 1981-02-18 1981-02-18 Condensatore perfezionato di vapore con raffreddamento ad aria

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4513813A true US4513813A (en) 1985-04-30

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ID=11161576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US06/344,634 Expired - Lifetime US4513813A (en) 1981-02-18 1982-02-01 Air-cooled steam condenser

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US4513813A (it)
CA (1) CA1198947A (it)
DE (2) DE3205879A1 (it)
FR (1) FR2500140A1 (it)
GB (1) GB2093176B (it)
IT (1) IT1135516B (it)
NL (1) NL8200577A (it)
SU (1) SU1269750A3 (it)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4926931A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Larinoff Michael W Freeze protected, air-cooled vacuum steam condensers
US5306139A (en) * 1990-11-16 1994-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Shinkawa Suction adhesion-type holder
USRE35283E (en) * 1988-11-01 1996-06-25 Helmich; Arthur R. High efficiency water distiller
EP0780652A2 (en) 1995-12-20 1997-06-25 Hudson Products Corporation Steam condenser modules
US6474272B2 (en) * 1999-08-10 2002-11-05 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Apparatus for condensation of steam
US20060289151A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2006-12-28 Ranga Nadig Fin tube assembly for heat exchanger and method
US20090165993A1 (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air guide for air cooled condenser
CN102425957A (zh) * 2011-11-24 2012-04-25 华北电力大学 一种换热板束倾斜布置的板式蒸发空冷凝汽器
US20130312932A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
CN104034178A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 华北电力大学 一种板式蒸发空冷凝汽器
US20150243383A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-08-27 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Water-air combined passive feed water cooling apparatus and system
CN105247314A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2016-01-13 斯必克冷却技术公司 模块化空气冷却冷凝器装置及方法
US20170205112A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Frank J. Cain Systems and methods for water generation from fin fan coolers
WO2017136819A1 (en) 2016-02-04 2017-08-10 Evapco, Inc. Arrowhead fin for heat exchange tubing
WO2017223139A1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-28 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
US20180128558A1 (en) * 2015-04-23 2018-05-10 Shandong University Columnar cooling tube bundle with wedge-shaped gap
CN108603731A (zh) * 2016-02-04 2018-09-28 艾威普科公司 用于热交换管的箭头翅片
US20190353424A1 (en) * 2017-01-30 2019-11-21 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Air-Cooled Condenser with Air-Flow Diffuser
US11486646B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2022-11-01 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Air-cooled condenser apparatus and method
US11852419B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2023-12-26 Hudson Products Corporation Air-cooled heat exchanger with tab and slot frame

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0369298A1 (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-23 Michael William Larinoff Freeze protected, air-cooled, vacuum steam condenser
EP0794401A3 (en) * 1996-03-06 1998-09-23 Hudson Products Corporation Steam condensing apparatus
BR112018076415B1 (pt) * 2016-06-21 2022-10-18 Evapco, Inc Condensador de vapor industrial refrigerado a ar

Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT71419B (de) * 1913-11-21 1916-03-27 Leo Steinschneider Rohrschlange für Destillat-Gaskühler der chemischen Industrie, insbesondere für die Petroleum-, Teer- und dgl. Industrie.
US1817948A (en) * 1929-11-16 1931-08-11 Carrier Construction Company I Heat exchange device
US2401918A (en) * 1944-07-25 1946-06-11 American Locomotive Co Air-cooled heat exchanger
GB588062A (en) * 1944-01-27 1947-05-13 Griscom Russell Co Improvements in heat exchangers
US3424235A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-28 Lummus Co Air-cooled condenser with provision for prevention of condensate freezing
FR2018823A1 (it) * 1968-09-25 1970-06-26 Borsig Gmbh
US3814177A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-06-04 Gkn Birwelco Ltd Steam condensers
US3835920A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-09-17 Gen Motors Corp Compact fluid heat exchanger
US3887002A (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-06-03 Lummus Co Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser
US4196157A (en) * 1978-07-06 1980-04-01 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Evaporative counterflow heat exchange
US4202405A (en) * 1972-09-25 1980-05-13 Hudson Products Corporation Air cooled condenser
US4232729A (en) * 1978-06-01 1980-11-11 South African Coal, Oil & Gas Corp., Limited Air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling industrial liquids

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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GB1425473A (en) * 1972-01-27 1976-02-18 Applegate G Sectional heat exchangers

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT71419B (de) * 1913-11-21 1916-03-27 Leo Steinschneider Rohrschlange für Destillat-Gaskühler der chemischen Industrie, insbesondere für die Petroleum-, Teer- und dgl. Industrie.
US1817948A (en) * 1929-11-16 1931-08-11 Carrier Construction Company I Heat exchange device
GB588062A (en) * 1944-01-27 1947-05-13 Griscom Russell Co Improvements in heat exchangers
US2401918A (en) * 1944-07-25 1946-06-11 American Locomotive Co Air-cooled heat exchanger
US3424235A (en) * 1966-10-11 1969-01-28 Lummus Co Air-cooled condenser with provision for prevention of condensate freezing
FR2018823A1 (it) * 1968-09-25 1970-06-26 Borsig Gmbh
US3814177A (en) * 1971-02-11 1974-06-04 Gkn Birwelco Ltd Steam condensers
US3835920A (en) * 1972-02-22 1974-09-17 Gen Motors Corp Compact fluid heat exchanger
US4202405A (en) * 1972-09-25 1980-05-13 Hudson Products Corporation Air cooled condenser
US3887002A (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-06-03 Lummus Co Air-cooled heat exchanger with after-condenser
US4232729A (en) * 1978-06-01 1980-11-11 South African Coal, Oil & Gas Corp., Limited Air-cooled heat exchanger for cooling industrial liquids
US4196157A (en) * 1978-07-06 1980-04-01 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Evaporative counterflow heat exchange

Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE35283E (en) * 1988-11-01 1996-06-25 Helmich; Arthur R. High efficiency water distiller
US4926931A (en) * 1988-11-14 1990-05-22 Larinoff Michael W Freeze protected, air-cooled vacuum steam condensers
US5306139A (en) * 1990-11-16 1994-04-26 Kabushiki Kaisha Shinkawa Suction adhesion-type holder
EP0780652A2 (en) 1995-12-20 1997-06-25 Hudson Products Corporation Steam condenser modules
US6474272B2 (en) * 1999-08-10 2002-11-05 Gea Energietechnik Gmbh Apparatus for condensation of steam
US20060289151A1 (en) * 2005-06-22 2006-12-28 Ranga Nadig Fin tube assembly for heat exchanger and method
US7293602B2 (en) 2005-06-22 2007-11-13 Holtec International Inc. Fin tube assembly for heat exchanger and method
US20090165993A1 (en) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air guide for air cooled condenser
US8302670B2 (en) * 2007-12-28 2012-11-06 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Air guide for air cooled condenser
CN102425957A (zh) * 2011-11-24 2012-04-25 华北电力大学 一种换热板束倾斜布置的板式蒸发空冷凝汽器
CN105486102A (zh) * 2012-05-23 2016-04-13 Spx冷却技术有限公司 模块化空气冷却式冷凝器装置及方法
US20190086151A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2019-03-21 Spx Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US11112180B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2021-09-07 Spg Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US10551126B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2020-02-04 Spg Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US20150330709A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2015-11-19 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US10527354B2 (en) 2012-05-23 2020-01-07 Spg Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US20220163262A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2022-05-26 Spg Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US9551532B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2017-01-24 Spx Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US20190339010A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2019-11-07 Spg Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US11662146B2 (en) * 2012-05-23 2023-05-30 Spg Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US20130312932A1 (en) * 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Spx Cooling Technologies, Inc. Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
US9951994B2 (en) 2012-05-23 2018-04-24 Spx Dry Cooling Usa Llc Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
CN105247314A (zh) * 2013-05-28 2016-01-13 斯必克冷却技术公司 模块化空气冷却冷凝器装置及方法
US10043596B2 (en) * 2014-02-27 2018-08-07 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Water-air combined passive feed water cooling apparatus and system
US20150243383A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-08-27 Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute Water-air combined passive feed water cooling apparatus and system
CN104034178A (zh) * 2014-06-06 2014-09-10 华北电力大学 一种板式蒸发空冷凝汽器
CN104034178B (zh) * 2014-06-06 2015-10-21 华北电力大学 一种板式蒸发空冷凝汽器
US20180128558A1 (en) * 2015-04-23 2018-05-10 Shandong University Columnar cooling tube bundle with wedge-shaped gap
US10408551B2 (en) * 2015-04-23 2019-09-10 Shandong University Columnar cooling tube bundle with wedge-shaped gap
US20170205112A1 (en) * 2016-01-19 2017-07-20 Frank J. Cain Systems and methods for water generation from fin fan coolers
WO2017136819A1 (en) 2016-02-04 2017-08-10 Evapco, Inc. Arrowhead fin for heat exchange tubing
CN108603731A (zh) * 2016-02-04 2018-09-28 艾威普科公司 用于热交换管的箭头翅片
US10823513B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2020-11-03 Evapco, Inc. Arrowhead fin for heat exchange tubing
US11486646B2 (en) 2016-05-25 2022-11-01 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Air-cooled condenser apparatus and method
WO2017223139A1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2017-12-28 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
RU2739070C2 (ru) * 2016-06-21 2020-12-21 Эвапко, Инк. Воздушный конденсатор пара промышленного типа с мини-трубками
US10648740B2 (en) * 2016-06-21 2020-05-12 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
RU2767122C2 (ru) * 2016-06-21 2022-03-16 Эвапко, Инк. Воздушный конденсатор пара промышленного типа с мини-трубками
US20190137182A1 (en) * 2016-06-21 2019-05-09 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
US10024600B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2018-07-17 Evapco, Inc. Mini-tube air cooled industrial steam condenser
US10976106B2 (en) * 2017-01-30 2021-04-13 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Air-cooled condenser with air-flow diffuser
US20190353424A1 (en) * 2017-01-30 2019-11-21 Spg Dry Cooling Belgium Air-Cooled Condenser with Air-Flow Diffuser
US11852419B1 (en) * 2018-03-29 2023-12-26 Hudson Products Corporation Air-cooled heat exchanger with tab and slot frame

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB2093176A (en) 1982-08-25
FR2500140A1 (fr) 1982-08-20
DE8204570U1 (de) 1983-12-29
SU1269750A3 (ru) 1986-11-07
FR2500140B1 (it) 1984-12-28
NL8200577A (nl) 1982-09-16
DE3205879A1 (de) 1982-09-09
CA1198947A (en) 1986-01-07
GB2093176B (en) 1984-07-18
IT1135516B (it) 1986-08-27
IT8119823A0 (it) 1981-02-18

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