US4480820A - Method of lining metallurgical assembly - Google Patents

Method of lining metallurgical assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
US4480820A
US4480820A US06/451,143 US45114382A US4480820A US 4480820 A US4480820 A US 4480820A US 45114382 A US45114382 A US 45114382A US 4480820 A US4480820 A US 4480820A
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Prior art keywords
lining
blows
layer
gauge
compaction
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Expired - Fee Related
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US06/451,143
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English (en)
Inventor
Leonid F. Zhukov
Evgeny G. Chugunny
Vladimir S. Shumikhin
Sergei V. Kucherenko
Mechislav V. Zhelnis
Pranas V. Zemlyavichus
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INSTITUT PROBLEM LITIA AKADEMII NAUK UKRAINSKOI SSR
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INSTITUT PROBLEM LITIA AKADEMII NAUK UKRAINSKOI SSR
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Assigned to INSTITUT PROBLEM LITIA AKADEMII NAUK UKRAINSKOI SSR reassignment INSTITUT PROBLEM LITIA AKADEMII NAUK UKRAINSKOI SSR ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CHUGUNNY, EVGENY G., KUCHERENKO, SERGEI V., SHUMIKHIN, VLADIMIR S., ZEMLYAVICHUS, PRANAS V., ZHELNIS, MECHISLAV V., ZHUKOV, LEONID F.
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/16—Making or repairing linings increasing the durability of linings or breaking away linings
    • F27D1/1626—Making linings by compacting a refractory mass in the space defined by a backing mould or pattern and the furnace wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B14/00—Crucible or pot furnaces
    • F27B14/06—Crucible or pot furnaces heated electrically, e.g. induction crucible furnaces with or without any other source of heat
    • F27B14/061—Induction furnaces

Definitions

  • the invention relates to metallurgy and foundry engineering and particularly concerns a method of lining a metallurgical assembly.
  • the process of lining a metallurgical assembly is generally carried out as follows (see M. G. Trofimov, Futerovka induktsionnykh pechei, Moscow, "Metallurgia", 1968, pp. 129-132).
  • a bottom is lined using a conventional method, following which a gauge for forming an inner wall of the future lining (a crucible) is mounted on said bottom.
  • the space provided between the gauge and a corresponding element of the assembly, forming an outer wall of the lining (in the induction furnace this element is an induction heater) is filled with a free-flowing lining mass, e.g. with quartz sand containing binding additives.
  • the lining mass is compacted using various methods.
  • the lining thus obtained is then sintered to increase its strength and resistance to the effect of a melt.
  • the lining serves as a separating barrier between the melt and the cooled induction heater of the furnace, three zones having different degrees of sintering are present therein, the existence of these zones being caused by a relatively high temperature gradient in the direction of the thickness of said lining.
  • the lining of the first zone (which is the closest to the melt) is the most sintered and the strongest one.
  • the lining of the second (intermediate) zone due to a lower temperature, is sintered to a lower degree than in the first zone and is less strong.
  • the third zone (abutting with the induction heater of the furnace) of the lining there is almost no sintering since individual grains of the refractory material are practically not bound between themselves.
  • the lining mass is to be uniformly compacted in the direction of the crucible height.
  • the granular composition of the mass and distribution of grains over the volume of the lining mass influence the ratio between the volumes of closed and open pores and the total value of mass porosity, thereby determining numerous properties of the lining, and first of all strength and resistance to the effect of melt.
  • the granular composition of the mass determines the number of contact points between the grains of the refractory material per unit of volume. With the optimum granular composition, voids between coarse grains are filled to the maximum extent with finer grains. The number of contact points and consequently density of the lining mass increase, thereby promoting an increase in the lining resistance.
  • the lining will possess high operation reliability.
  • the disadvantage of such a technology lies in the fact that in the course of ramming the lining mass is compacted non-uniformly along the crucible height, while along the thickness thereof the mass is uniformly compacted, due to which fact the third (buffer) zone of the lining, which must possess absorption properties, becomes excessively compacted. This results in decreasing the lining durability. Moreover, the step of ramming is a laborious and hard-to-mechanize operation, which results in a considerable increase in expenses for making the lining.
  • the space between the gauge and the jacket and that provided between the jacket and the induction heater are filled with corresponding lining masses, the latter being subjected to compaction by ramming, shaking or vibratory compacting.
  • the first lining layer (in the direction of the crucible height) is formed.
  • the jacket is lifted to a height corresponding to the thickness of the next layer, and the cycle is repeated. Using several such steps, the lining is made over the whole height of the furnace.
  • An obvious advantage of the above method of lining consists in the possibility of obtaining the lining having different zones with the crucible thickness, particularly two zones, and of using cheaper refractory materials for the outer (more distant from the melt) zone than those for the inner (more close to the melt) zone of lining.
  • the gauge When, in accordance with another embodiment of the invention, vibratory compaction is accomplished, the gauge will start vibrating and separation of the lining mass in accordance with the size of grains into separate fractions will occur, the coarse grains accumulating at the gauge. This results in an increase in the lining porosity within the first (inner) zone, thereby decreasing the resistance of the lining against the effect of the melt.
  • Compaction of the lining mass accomplished in accordance with the third embodiment of the above technology by shaking results in an increase in the total porosity of the lining (over the whole volume thereof) and as well as vibratory compaction, does not ensure uniform compaction of the mass in the direction of crucible height.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide a method of lining a metallurgical assembly, wherein by changing the technology of compacting the lining mass there is ensured differentiated compaction thereof along the thickness and uniform compaction along the height of the crucible, thereby increasing the resistance of the crucible without augmenting expenses required for manufacturing said crucible.
  • a method of lining a metallurgical assembly comprising steps of lining an assembly bottom, mounting a gauge for forming an inner wall of the assembly lining on the lined bottom, layer-by-layer filling a space provided between the gauge and a corresponding element of the assembly forming an outer wall of the lining, with a lining mass while compacting each layer, according to the invention, the lining mass is filled in layers each having a thickness of from 4 to 10 values of said space, and compaction of each layer is accomplished by applying periodically repeating blows against the inner surface of the gauge, the direction of said blows being perpendicular to the plane tangential to this surface of the gauge, the blows being applied with an interval which is not less than the damping time of free oscillations of the assembly.
  • Filling the lining mass in layers each having a thickness of from 4 to 10 values of said space is the necessary condition to achieve high-quality compaction thereof.
  • each layer is less than fourfold size of the space
  • the lining turns out to be multilayer which results in a decrease in durability thereof. This fact is caused by fraction separation of said mass in the upper portion of each layer, and by accumulation of coarse grains on the surface thereof.
  • the time interval of application of the blows must be not less than the damping time of free oscillations of the metallurgical assembly. Otherwise, the assembly enters the state of forced oscillations.
  • the lining mass changes to a state being close to fluidized one, which leads to fraction separation thereof and to local depletion or enrichment with the binder.
  • Application points of the blows are preferably distributed over the gauge within the limits of each layer being compacted, in tiers, so that the distance between adjacent tiers and the distance between adjacent application points of blows in one tier be equal to the magnitude of a space whereto the lining mass is filled, the lower tier of application of blows be disposed at the boundaries between the layer being compacted and the previous one, and the upper tier of application of blows be located below the upper level of the layer being compacted by the value of said space, the compaction step is to be accomplished from the lower tier towards the upper one and to be repeated 3 to 5 times for each layer being compacted.
  • Such a decrease in the impulse further promotes differentiated compaction of the lining mass in the direction of crucible thickness. Absorption properties of the lining are improved, cracking thereof is reduced, and resistance of said lining is upgraded.
  • FIG. 1 shows longitudinal sectional view of a coreless induction furnace being lined in accordance with the method of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an axonometric diagram of application of blows against the furnace gauge in accordance with the proposed method of lining (the arrows show directions of application of blows);
  • FIG. 3 illustrates, in accordance with the invention, vibrating process within the furnace lining in application of blows at an interval exceeding the damping time of free oscillations of the furnace;
  • FIG. 4 shows the view similar to that of FIG. 3 in the case where the interval between the blows is equal to the damping time of free oscillations of the furnace;
  • FIG. 5 shows the view similar to that of FIG. 3 in the case when the interval between the blows is less than the damping time of free oscillations of the furnace;
  • FIG. 6 shows the scheme of distribution of application points of blows over the gauge surface with several cycles of compaction of lining mass layers in accordance with the method of the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows schematically the process of compacting the lining mass in accordance with the invention in the case of location of a monitoring device within the furnace lining;
  • FIG. 8 shows the diagram of distribution of application points of blows over the gauge surface for the case specified for FIG. 7.
  • the process of lining a metallurgical assembly for example a coreless induction furnace 1 (FIG. 1) is carried out as follows. First, using a conventional method, a bottom 2 of the furnace is lined (packed), following which a gauge 3 for forming an inner wall of future lining is mounted on said bottom. An induction heater 4 is the element forming an outer wall of the lining in the given furnace.
  • Thickness S of each layer being filled is 4 to 10 ⁇ , where ⁇ is the size of the space 5.
  • Each filled layer of the mass 6 is compacted by applying periodically repeated blows against the inner surface of the gauge 3.
  • the blows are applied over the whole perimeter of the gauge 3 in the points a 1 . . . a i , b 1 . . . b i etc., the direction of each blow having to be perpendicular to a conditional plane "P" which is tangential to the inner surface of the gauge 3 in a corresponding point as shown by arrows in FIG. 2 (angles ⁇ and ⁇ between the blow direction, and vertical and horizontal lines of the plane "P" are 90°).
  • the time interval between the blows is selected to be not less than the damping time of free oscillations of the furnace 1 (oscillations of the system "gauge-lining-induction heater").
  • the induction furnace enters the state of forced (undamped) oscillations, that is when the furnace oscillations caused by a previous blow have not yet damped, the oscillations caused by the next blow start.
  • the resulting vibrating process is characterized in the particular case (in the coincidence of oscillation phases) by a curve which is shown in a dotted line in FIG. 5.
  • the lining mass in the upper portion of the layer being compacted changes to a state close to the fluidized one, in which state there occurs its fraction separation and local depletion or enrichment with a binder, thereby reducing the lining resistance.
  • the lower tier "a” is disposed at the boundary between the layer 6a being compacted and the previous layer 6b, and the upper tier “d” is located below the upper level of the layer 6a by a value l 3 which is equal to the value ⁇ of the space 5. Compaction is carried out from the bottom upwards from the tier "a” to the tier "d", and is repeated 3 to 5 times for each layer being compacted.
  • blows promotes the uniform distribution of the lining mass 6 over the whole volume of the space 5 between the gauge 3 and the induction heater 4, and uniform compaction thereof both over perimeter and height of the furnace crucible being formed, and inhibits fraction separation of the mass 6 along the boundaries between the layers.
  • a monitoring device e.g. a light conducting block 7 (FIG. 7) for transmission of the thermal radiation from the melt to a pyrometer (not shown), said block being disposed horizontally in such a manner that one end thereof contacts the gauge 3, while the other end extends outwards through an opening provided in the induction heater 4 of the furnace 1, the process of compacting the lining mass 6 is carried out as follows.
  • the layer of the mass 6 wherein the light conducting block 7 is disposed is compacted in several cycles by means of blows against the gauge 3 (see also FIG. 8) in a manner described above (the application points of blows of the last cycle are designated by light circles a 6 . . . a 10 , b 6 . . . b 10 etc.) except for a zone being directly adjacent the light conducting block 7.
  • This zone of the gauge 3 is defined by a circle being concentric to an end face 7a of the light conducting block 7, and is designated in FIG. 8 by semi-blackened and dark circles f 1 , f 1 ' etc.
  • the radius R of said circle is equal to ⁇ +(m/2), where ⁇ is the size of the space 5 (FIG. 1), m is the maximum transverse dimension of the monitoring device (in the given case being the diameter of the light conducting block 7).
  • Said zone starts to be compacted after the last cycle of compaction of the main portion of a layer of the mass 6 is over, said compaction being carried out by blows whose direction is shown by the arrows in FIG. 7, against the points f 1 , f 2 . . . f 6 of the circle, shown in FIG. 8.
  • Compaction of said zone may be also carried out in several cycles, the starting force of blows being selected the same as in the last cycle of compaction of the main portion of the layer of mass 6, i.e. having the minimum magnitude, following which said force is reduced during each cycle by 30 to 40%.
  • the application points of blows are shifted along the circle with each cycle by the same value "K" being equal to ( ⁇ /N), which has been above described in detail.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a particlar case where compaction of said zone is carried out in two cycles, the points f 1 . . . f 6 corresponding to the first cycle, (semi-blackened circles), while the points f 1 ' . . . f 6 ' (dark circles) correspond to the second cycle.
  • the above described method of lining a metallurgical assembly can be practiced by means of relatively simple devices and mechanisms, due to which fact the process of lining may be easily mechanized.
  • the proposed technology of compacting the lining mass 6 eliminates the effect of harmful vibrations on the human organism since any frequency of application of blows against the gauge 3 can be selected, the single condition consisting in that the interval between these blows be not less than the damping time of free oscillations of the assembly.
  • the invention is further explained in terms of specific examples of lining a metallurgical assembly, in particular an induction furnace, according to the inventive method.
  • a lining mass consisting from quartzite and required binding additives was filled layer-by-layer in a space provided between the gauge and an insulation of an induction heater.
  • the size of the space ( ⁇ ) was 150 mm, and the thickness of each layer of the mass (S) was 600 mm.
  • each filled layer of the mass was compacted by applying blows against the inner surface of the gauge in the direction perpendicular to the plane P (FIG. 2).
  • the blows were applied with an interval (t) being of 2 s.
  • the time (T) of damping free oscillations of the furnace was 1 s.
  • the application points of blows against the gauge were distributed in tiers within the limits of each layer being compacted.
  • the distance between adjacent tiers and the distance between adjacent application points of blows of one tier were of 150 mm.
  • the lower tier was located at the boundary between the layer being compacted and the previous one, and the upper tier was disposed below the upper level of the layer by a distance of 150 mm.
  • the lining thus compacted and then sintered operated satisfactorily during the reference period (1,000 h). Subsequent analysis of the lining demonstrated that the granular composition thereof was uniform both in thickness and height directions of the crucible, the lining having three clearly defined concentric zones: the first zone (being in contact with the melt) was the most sintered and saturated with melting products (the most metallized); the second zone (intermediate) was less sintered, less strong and more porous. In the third zone the grains of the refractory material were not bound therebetween, the greatest, and the density was the lowest, thereby rendering this zone damping properties. Due to this fact the break-through of the melt from the crucible outside the furnace was eliminated.
  • the lining thus obtained operated satisfactorily during the whole reference period.
  • the depth of the lining metallization was less than in Example 1, thereby increasing resistance thereof to the effect of the melt.
  • the lining thus obtained operated satisfactorily during the whole reference period.
  • the depth of the lining metallization was less than in Example 2.
  • Example 1 The process of a coreless induction furnace having a capacity of 10 t was carried out mainly as described in Example 1.
  • the space between the insulation of the induction heater and the gauge was of 170 mm, and the damping time of free oscillations was of 1.2 s.
  • some process parameters were changed to the following values:
  • the lining thus obtained operated satisfactorily. However due to the fact that the number of compaction cycles exceeded the recommended one, damping properties of said lining were lower than those in Example 1. This resulted in crack formation in some places of the lining, through which cracks the melt penetrated thereinto. In some regions there occurred accumulation of coarse fraction of the lining mass at the gauge surface and along the boundaries between filled layers, thereby resulting in an increase in the porosity and metallization depth of the lining in these places.
  • the lining thus obtained operated satisfactorily, though the porosity in the first zone thereof was higher than that in Example 1, thereby resulting in an increase in the metallization depth of the lining.
  • the lining thus obtained operated satisfactorily, though its granular composition was non-uniform in some places in the direction of the crucible thickness, and damping properties were lower than those in Example 1, thereby resulting in an increase in the metallization depth of the lining.
  • Example 1 The process of lining a furnace was carried out mainly as described in Example 1.
  • the value ( ⁇ ) of the space provided between the gauge and the insulation of the induction heater was 180 mm.
  • the number (N) of compaction cycles of the lining mass and the impulse values in each cycle were the same as in the above Example.
  • Each tier of blow application was shifted downwards with each repeated cycle along the gauge by a distance of 60 mm ( ⁇ /N), the application points of blows being shifted along the tier perimeter by the same distance (FIG. 6).
  • Example 2 The process of lining a furnace was carried out mainly as described in Example 1.
  • the value ( ⁇ ) of the space provided between the gauge and the insulation of the induction heater was 300 mm.
  • the number (N) of compaction cycles of the lining mass and the impulse values in each cycle were the same as those in Example 3.
  • Each tier of blow application was shifted downwards with each repeated compaction cycle along the gauge by a distance of 60 mm ( ⁇ /N), the application points of blows being shifted along the tier perimeter by the same distance (FIG. 6).
  • the process of lining a furnace was carried out mainly as described in Example 1.
  • the thickness of each layer of the lining mass being filled was less than the recommended value and was of 150 mm.
  • Other process parameters were changed to the following values:
  • the granular compositions of the lining thus obtained was nonuniform in the direction of the crucible height, due to which fact along the boundaries of the filled layers there was observed a local metallization of the lining to a considerable depth, thereby causing the danger of break-through of the melt from the crucible and beyond the furnace.
  • the process of lining a furnace was carried out mainly as described in Example 1.
  • the thickness of the filled layer was more than that recommended, of 2,000 mm.
  • Other process parameters were changed to the following values:
  • the lining thus obtained had considerable local unsoundness, due to which fact the melt penetrated thereinto to a relatively large depth (to the third, buffer zone). This caused the danger of break-through of the melt from the crucible and beyond the furnace.
  • the "gauge-lining-induction heater" system was in the state of forced oscillations, and the lining mass passed to a state close to the fluidized one. This caused depletion in one places, and enrichment in others of the lining mass with a binding agent, and fraction separation of said mass. The melt penetrated into the lining to a considerable depth, thereby causing the danger of the melt break-through from the crucible and beyond the furnace.
  • the invention may prove most advantageous when carrying out rammed lining within coreless induction furnaces.
  • it may be applied in lining metallurgical and foundry assemblies of other types.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
  • Crucibles And Fluidized-Bed Furnaces (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)
US06/451,143 1981-03-31 1981-03-31 Method of lining metallurgical assembly Expired - Fee Related US4480820A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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PCT/SU1981/000031 WO1982003451A1 (en) 1981-03-31 1981-03-31 Method of lining a metallurgical plant

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US4480820A true US4480820A (en) 1984-11-06

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CA (1) CA1164654A (sv)
DE (1) DE3152796C2 (sv)
SE (1) SE443225B (sv)
WO (1) WO1982003451A1 (sv)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4555266A (en) * 1981-10-05 1985-11-26 Korf Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating liquid metal in a vessel
US4799652A (en) * 1985-07-24 1989-01-24 Daussan Et Compagnie Lining for protecting the interior of a metallurgical vessel and a method for forming said lining
US5332200A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-07-26 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Segmented ceramic liner for induction furnaces
US5423519A (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-06-13 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Regenerative chamber lining and method of installation
US5482248A (en) * 1991-03-22 1996-01-09 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Mold for manufacturing metal containment vessels
US5484138A (en) * 1993-11-22 1996-01-16 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Consumable form with adjustable walls
US5511762A (en) * 1991-03-22 1996-04-30 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Consumable form with degradable lining
US5632937A (en) * 1991-03-22 1997-05-27 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of installing a refractory lining
US5795508A (en) * 1991-03-22 1998-08-18 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of lining a blast furnace
US5916500A (en) * 1997-11-20 1999-06-29 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of lining a blast furnace
CH699405A1 (de) * 2008-08-26 2010-02-26 Mokesys Ag Feuerfeste Wand, insbesondere für einen Verbrennungsofen.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3836613A (en) * 1970-11-04 1974-09-17 Vfg Vertriebsges Fuer Giesstec Method of making liner in an induction melting furnace
GB1426135A (en) * 1974-03-19 1976-02-25 Novolipetsky Metall Z Lining metallurgical vessels
GB2028477A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-05 Pechiney Aluminium An Apparatus for Compacting Carbonated Pastes in the Linings of Metallurgical Furnaces
SU735384A2 (ru) * 1978-12-14 1980-05-25 Металлургический Завод Им. Петровского Шаблон дл изготовлени футеровки металлургических емкостей

Family Cites Families (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2143241C3 (de) * 1971-08-28 1974-08-22 Erich 4330 Muelheim Lepper Vorrichtung zur Reparatur des feuerfesten Futters von Elektroöfen
SU578548A1 (ru) * 1972-06-14 1977-10-30 Предприятие П/Я Р-6205 Способ изготовлени футеровки индукционных печей

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3836613A (en) * 1970-11-04 1974-09-17 Vfg Vertriebsges Fuer Giesstec Method of making liner in an induction melting furnace
GB1426135A (en) * 1974-03-19 1976-02-25 Novolipetsky Metall Z Lining metallurgical vessels
GB2028477A (en) * 1978-08-16 1980-03-05 Pechiney Aluminium An Apparatus for Compacting Carbonated Pastes in the Linings of Metallurgical Furnaces
SU735384A2 (ru) * 1978-12-14 1980-05-25 Металлургический Завод Им. Петровского Шаблон дл изготовлени футеровки металлургических емкостей

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4555266A (en) * 1981-10-05 1985-11-26 Korf Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for treating liquid metal in a vessel
US4799652A (en) * 1985-07-24 1989-01-24 Daussan Et Compagnie Lining for protecting the interior of a metallurgical vessel and a method for forming said lining
US5795508A (en) * 1991-03-22 1998-08-18 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of lining a blast furnace
US5482248A (en) * 1991-03-22 1996-01-09 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Mold for manufacturing metal containment vessels
US5505893A (en) * 1991-03-22 1996-04-09 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method for manufacturing and repairing molten metal containment vessels
US5511762A (en) * 1991-03-22 1996-04-30 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Consumable form with degradable lining
US5632937A (en) * 1991-03-22 1997-05-27 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of installing a refractory lining
US5332200A (en) * 1992-10-13 1994-07-26 Martin Marietta Energy Systems, Inc. Segmented ceramic liner for induction furnaces
US5484138A (en) * 1993-11-22 1996-01-16 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Consumable form with adjustable walls
US5423519A (en) * 1994-05-26 1995-06-13 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Regenerative chamber lining and method of installation
US5916500A (en) * 1997-11-20 1999-06-29 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method of lining a blast furnace
CH699405A1 (de) * 2008-08-26 2010-02-26 Mokesys Ag Feuerfeste Wand, insbesondere für einen Verbrennungsofen.
WO2010022522A1 (de) * 2008-08-26 2010-03-04 Mokesys Ag Feuerfeste wand, insbesondere für einen verbrennungsofen
US20110139049A1 (en) * 2008-08-26 2011-06-16 Mokesys Ag Refractory wall for a combustion furnace

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3152796T1 (de) 1983-08-11
SE443225B (sv) 1986-02-17
DE3152796C2 (de) 1987-01-22
SE8206788D0 (sv) 1982-11-29
SE8206788L (sv) 1982-11-29
WO1982003451A1 (en) 1982-10-14
CA1164654A (en) 1984-04-03

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