US4376720A - Olefin polymerization catalyst and olefin polymerization method using such catalyst - Google Patents

Olefin polymerization catalyst and olefin polymerization method using such catalyst Download PDF

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Publication number
US4376720A
US4376720A US06/211,991 US21199180A US4376720A US 4376720 A US4376720 A US 4376720A US 21199180 A US21199180 A US 21199180A US 4376720 A US4376720 A US 4376720A
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United States
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catalyst
general formula
complex compound
polymerization
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US06/211,991
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Inventor
Hisaya Sakurai
Yoshihiko Katayama
Tadashi Ikegami
Shigeo Tsuyama
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LASAHI KASEI KOGYO A CORP OF JAPAN KK
Asahi Kasei Corp
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Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK
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Priority claimed from JP15634779A external-priority patent/JPS595602B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP3336480A external-priority patent/JPS595604B2/ja
Application filed by Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK filed Critical Asahi Kasei Kogyo KK
Assigned to LASAHI KASEI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, A CORP. OF JAPAN reassignment LASAHI KASEI KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA, A CORP. OF JAPAN ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: IKEGAMI TADASHI, KATAYAMA YOSHIHIKO, SAKURAI HISAYA, TSUYAMA SHIGEO
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an olefin polymerization catalyst used for the polymerization of olefins, particularly ethylene or ethylene and other ⁇ -olefins, and an olefin polymerization method using such catalyst. More particularly, the invention relates to a novel and high-activity olefin polymerization catalyst composed of a combination of a solid component comprising a chromium compound supported by an inorganic oxide and a component containing a specific organomagnesium compound.
  • the ethylene polymerization catalysts obtained by calcining the chromium compounds such as chromium oxide supported by an inorganic oxide carrier such as silica, silica-alumina, etc., are widely known as "Phillips catalysts".
  • both the catalytic activity and the average molecular weight of the produced polymer greatly depend on the polymerization temperature, and in order to produce the polymers having a commercially required range of molecular weight, or of the order of tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands, while maintaining a sufficiently high catalyst activity, it was generally necessary to keep the polymerization temperature within the range of 100° to 200° C.
  • the polymerization is carried out in such temperature range, the produced polymer stays dissolved in the reaction solvent, so that the viscosity of the reaction system rises excessively, giving rise to various problems such as increased difficulty in recovering the polymerization product, and thus it was hardly possible to elevate the produced polymer concentration to higher than 20%.
  • a catalyst prepared by combining a chromium compound supported by a carrier such as silica and a specific organomagnesium compound shows an extremely high catalytic activity in the polymerization not only at a temperature above 100° C. but also at a low temperature below 100° C. and also allows easy production of a polymer having a molecular weight suited for blow molding as well as a wide molecular weight distribution, and this finding has led to the attainment of this invention.
  • the present invention provides a catalyst for olefin polymerization comprising:
  • the catalyst of this invention comprising a combination of a carrier-supported chromium compound (solid component) and a specific organomagnesium compound is surprisingly improved in its catalytic activity; this catalyst is several times as high in catalytic activity as the known combination catalysts comprising an organoaluminum compound in combination with other compounds such as mentioned below.
  • the catalyst of this invention comprising an organomagnesium complex compound containing the siloxy radicals and metal atoms M (such as aluminum) allows production of the polymers having a high melt index which indicates an average molecular weight convenient for molding works.
  • Such polymers also have a wide molecular weight distribution suited for blow molding. Further, the hydrocarbon solutions of the siloxy-containing organomagnesium complex compounds according to this invention show a far higher activity than the ether solutions of the so-called Grignard compounds.
  • the inorganic oxide carrier used in this invention there may be employed a variety of substances such as silica, alumina, silica-alumina, thoria, zirconia, etc., but among them, silica and silica-alumina are most preferred. No specific restriction is however placed on these substances and any commercially available high-activity silica catalyst (highly porous and having a large surface area) may be used.
  • the chromium compound to be supported by said carrier there may be cited the oxides of chromium and the compounds which form at least partially chromium oxide when calcined, such as halides, oxyhalides, nitrates, sulfates, oxalates, alcoholates, etc. More definitely, one may cite chromium trioxide, chromyl chloride, potassium dichromate, ammonium chromate, chromium nitrate, chromium acetylacetate, ditertiary butyl chromate, etc. Chromium trioxide is most preferred.
  • Supporting of a chromium compound by a carrier can be accomplished by a known means such as impregnation, distilling-off of the solvent or adhesion by sublimation.
  • the amount of chromium to be supported is within the range of 0.05 to 5%, preferably 0.1 to 3%, in terms of weight percent of the chromium atoms to the weight of the carrier.
  • Activation by calcination can be also attained by a known method. It is usually performed in a nonreducing atmosphere, for example in the presence of oxygen, but it is also possible to accomplish such calcination in the presence of an inert gas or under reduced pressure. It is desirable to use air which is substantially free of moisture. Such calcination is carried out at a temperature above 300° C., preferably a temperature of from 400° C. to 900° C., for a period of several minutes to several ten hours, preferably 30 minutes to 10 hours. It is recommended to perform said calcination activation under a fluidized condition in a stream of dry air at a required rate.
  • the catalyst system of this invention may comprise a solid component obtained by first calcining a carrier such as silica and then supporting thereon a chromium compound soluble in the non-aqueous solvents, such as t-butyl chromate, in a per se known way.
  • M is an atom selected from aluminum, zinc, boron, beryllium and lithium, preferably aluminum or zinc, most preferably aluminum.
  • R 1 , R 2 and R 3 represent respectively a hydrocarbon radical such as an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group or an aryl group, preferably one having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • An alkyl group is preferably used.
  • the ratio of Mg to M ( ⁇ / ⁇ ), which is an important factor in this invention, is preferably not smaller than 0.5, more preferably not smaller than 1.
  • X and Y represent a polar group. More definitely, X is a siloxy group of the general formula: OSiR.sup.
  • R 5 R 6 R 7 and Y is an alkoxy group of the general formula: OR 4 , a siloxy group of the general formula: OSiR 5 R 6 R 7 , an amino group of the general formula: NR 8 R 9 or a sulfide group of the general formula: SR 10 .
  • Y is preferred to be an alkoxy group or a siloxy group.
  • R 5 to R 9 represent respectively hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical which preferably has 1 to 15 carbon atoms
  • R 4 and R 10 represent a hydrocarbon radical having preferably 1 to 15 carbon atoms.
  • the ratio of the polar group to the metal atoms (s+t)/( ⁇ + ⁇ ) is also an important consideration; it is preferably not greater than 1, most preferably not greater than 0.8.
  • the ratio of the siloxy group to the metal atoms (s/( ⁇ + ⁇ )) is not smaller than 0.2 but not greater than 1.5, preferably not greater than 1.0, more preferably not greater than 0.8. Fulfillment of said requirements on M and siloxy group (OSiR 5 R 6 R 7 ) leads to the typical effect of this invention, particularly a satisfactory result in melt index, as shown in Examples 1-7 and Comparative Examples C and D.
  • Said organomagnesium complex compounds soluble in the inert hydrocarbons can be synthesized according to the methods shown in the already published applications by this applicant (for example, see U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,027,089, 4,146,549 and 3,989,878).
  • the inert hydrocarbon medium one may favorably use an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as hexane or heptane, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene or toluene, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane.
  • Said both solid catalyst component and organomagnesium component may be added in the polymerization system under the prescribed polymerization conditions, or they may be combined prior to the polymerization.
  • the solid catalyst component may be first treated with said organomagnesium component, then further combined with an organomagnesium compound and introduced into the polymerization system.
  • the ratio between said both components to be combined is recommended to be within the range of 0.01-3,000, preferably 0.1-100.
  • the olefins that can be polymerized by using the catalyst of this invention are ⁇ -olefins, particularly ethylene, but the catalyst of this invention can be also used for the copolymerization of ethylene and a monoolefin such as propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, etc., or for the polymerization in the presence of a diene such as butadiene, isoprene, etc.
  • Copolymerization by use of the catalyst of this invention allows preparation of the polymers having a density within the range of 0.91 to 0.97 g/cm 3 .
  • the catalyst is introduced into the reactor together with a polymerization solvent, for example an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane or heptane, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene or xylene or an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane, and the polymerization may be carried out at a temperature ranging from room temperature to 320° C. in an inert atmosphere by charging ethylene under a pressure of 1 to 200 kg/cm 2 .
  • a polymerization solvent for example an aliphatic hydrocarbon such as propane, butane, pentane, hexane or heptane, an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene or xylene or an alicyclic hydrocarbon such as cyclohexane or methylcyclohexane
  • vapor phase polymerization can be accomplished by employing a fluidized bed or moving bed system so as to provide good contact between ethylene and catalyst, or by adopting a proper measure such as effecting mixing by stirring, at a temperature of from room temperature to 120° C. by charging ethylene under a pressure of 1 to 50 kg/cm 2 .
  • the catalyst of this invention features its high performance; it shows a high activity even under the relatively low-temperature and low-pressure conditions of around 80° C. and around 10 kg/cm 2 .
  • the rise of viscosity of the polymerization system is very limited. It is therefore possible to increase the polymer concentration in the polymerization system to higher than 30%, resulting in many advantages such as improved production efficiency.
  • the high activity of the catalyst it is possible to dispense with the step of removing the catalyst residue from the produced polymer.
  • the polymerization may be of an ordinary one-stage polymerization system using one reaction zone or may be of a multi-stage polymerization system using a plurality of reaction zones.
  • the polymers produced by using the catalyst of this invention even when using an ordinary one-stage polymerization system, have a wide molecular weight distribution and are also relatively high in molecular weight, so that they can be favorably used for blow molding or film molding.
  • the polymerization is carried out under two or more different reaction conditions, there can be produced the polymers having an even wider molecular weight distribution.
  • catalytic activity used in the following Examples signifies the amount (g) of the polymer produced per one gram of chromium in the solid catalyst per one hour of the polymerization under the monomer pressure of 10 kg/cm 2 .
  • M.I stands for the melt index measured according to ASTM D-1238 at a temperature of 190° C. under a load of 2.16 kg.
  • F.R is the quotient given by dividing the value of high-load melt index measured at 190° C. under the load of 21.6 kg by the above-defined M.I. This F.R. is known to the artisans as an index for indicating the broadness of molecular weight distribution.
  • Example 1 The process of Example 1 was repeated but by using 0.1 mmol of triethylaluminum instead of 0.1 mmol of the organomagnesium complex.
  • the results of the polymerization were as follows. Polymer yield: 60 g; catalytic activity: 150,000 g-polymer/g-Cr/hr; M.I.: 0.25; F.R.: 140.
  • Example 1 The process of Example 1 was repeated but by using 0.1 mmol of n-butylmagnesium chloride (di-n-butyl ether solution) instead of 0.1 mmol of the organomagnesium complex (heptane solution), obtaining the following results.
  • Example 1 The process of Example 1 was repeated but by using 0.1 mmol of a dialkylmagnesium complex (heptane solution) having the composition of AlMg 6 (n--C 4 H 9 ) 12 (C 2 H 5 ) 3 instead of 0.1 mmol of the siloxy radical-containing organomagnesium complex (heptane solution) to obtain the following results.
  • Example 1 The process of Example 1 was repeated but by using 0.1 mmol of dibutylmagnesium having the composition of (sec-C 4 H 9 )Mg(n--C 4 H 9 ) (heptane solution, produced by Lithium Corporation of America) instead of 0.1 mmol of the siloxy radical-containing organomagnesium complex (heptane solution).
  • the polymerization gave the following results. Polymer yield: 208 g; catalytic activity: 520,000 g-polymer/g-Cr/hr; M.I.: lower than 0.01.
  • Example 1 The polymerization of Example 1 was carried out by changing the organomagnesium component and its amount to obtain the results shown in Table 1 below.
  • siloxy-containing organomagnesium complex solution having the composition of AlMg 4 (C 2 H 5 ) 1 .64 (n--C 4 H 9 ) 4 .36 (OSi.H.CH 3 .C 2 H 5 ) 1 .36 (OSi.H.CH 3 .n--C 4 H 9 ) 3 .64.
  • Polymerization was carried out in the same way as Example 1 by using said siloxy-containing organomagnesium complex solution as the organomagnesium component, obtaining the following results.
  • Example 1 The polymerization of Example 1 was carried out by changing the organomagnesium component and its amount, obtaining the results shown in Table 2.
  • the alkoxy group was introduced by reacting a corresponding alcohol with the organometallic compounds.
  • the catalyst synthesis and polymerization were performed in the same way as Example 1 except that 1.6 g of chromium nitrate nonahydrate was used instead of 0.4 g of chromium trioxide in the synthesis of the solid component (a).
  • the results of the polymerization were as follows. Polymer yield: 236 g; catalytic activity: 590,000 g-polymer/g-Cr/hr; M.I.: 0.29.
  • Example 1 The polymerization of Example 1 was carried out but by using an ethylene and butene-1 mixed gas (containing 15 mol% of butene-1) instead of ethylene, and isobutane as polymerization solvent instead of hexane, at a temperature of 80° C. under mixed gas partial pressure of 10 kg/cm 2 , hydrogen partial pressure of 1 kg/cm 2 and overall pressure (including solvent vapor pressure) of 23 kg/cm 2 and by using the catalyst of Example 1. There were obtained the following results of polymerization. Polymer yield: 216 g; catalytic activity: 540,000 g-polymer/g-Cr/hr; M.I.: 0.63; polymer density: 0.924.
  • an ethylene and butene-1 mixed gas containing 15 mol% of butene-1
  • isobutane as polymerization solvent instead of hexane

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
US06/211,991 1979-12-04 1980-12-01 Olefin polymerization catalyst and olefin polymerization method using such catalyst Expired - Lifetime US4376720A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP15634779A JPS595602B2 (ja) 1979-12-04 1979-12-04 オレフインの重合用触媒
JP54-156347 1979-12-04
JP55-33364 1980-03-18
JP3336480A JPS595604B2 (ja) 1980-03-18 1980-03-18 斜板式アキシャルプランジャ型油圧作動装置

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US (1) US4376720A (fr)
EP (1) EP0030438B1 (fr)
BR (1) BR8007883A (fr)
CA (1) CA1144914A (fr)
DE (1) DE3068466D1 (fr)
MX (1) MX156899A (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5010151A (en) * 1986-12-10 1991-04-23 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Method for preparing ethylene polymers

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4816432A (en) * 1987-05-28 1989-03-28 Mobil Oil Corporation Catalyst composition for polymerizing alpha olefins

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2023153A (en) * 1934-07-21 1935-12-03 Marino De Lorenzo Fluid operated valve for fermentation receptacles
US3989878A (en) * 1974-05-25 1976-11-02 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Catalyst and process of production of polyethylene
US4027089A (en) * 1974-05-25 1977-05-31 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for polymerizing ethylene
US4146695A (en) * 1976-05-24 1979-03-27 Stamicarbon, B.V. Chromium-based catalysts for the polymerization of 1-alkenes
GB2023153A (en) 1978-06-13 1979-12-28 Bp Chem Int Ltd Polymerisation of ethylene

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LU34020A1 (fr) * 1953-01-27 1956-02-06
NL278927A (fr) * 1962-04-16

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2023153A (en) * 1934-07-21 1935-12-03 Marino De Lorenzo Fluid operated valve for fermentation receptacles
US3989878A (en) * 1974-05-25 1976-11-02 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Catalyst and process of production of polyethylene
US4027089A (en) * 1974-05-25 1977-05-31 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Process for polymerizing ethylene
US4146549A (en) * 1974-05-25 1979-03-27 Asahi Kasei Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Hydrocarbon-soluble organoaluminum-magnesium complex
US4146695A (en) * 1976-05-24 1979-03-27 Stamicarbon, B.V. Chromium-based catalysts for the polymerization of 1-alkenes
GB2023153A (en) 1978-06-13 1979-12-28 Bp Chem Int Ltd Polymerisation of ethylene

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5010151A (en) * 1986-12-10 1991-04-23 Idemitsu Petrochemical Co., Ltd. Method for preparing ethylene polymers

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MX156899A (es) 1988-10-13
EP0030438A1 (fr) 1981-06-17
DE3068466D1 (en) 1984-08-09
CA1144914A (fr) 1983-04-19
BR8007883A (pt) 1981-06-16
EP0030438B1 (fr) 1984-07-04

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