Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D505/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing 5-oxa-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring systems, i.e. compounds containing a ring system of the formula:, e.g. oxacephalosporins; Such ring systems being further condensed, e.g. 2,3-condensed with an oxygen-, nitrogen- or sulfur-containing hetero ring

Definitions

• This invention relates to novel 1-dethia-1-oxacepham compounds. More specifically, it relates to Compounds I represented by the formula I given below, processes for preparing the same, and the use of Compounds I as new intermediates for preparing potent known antibacterials, 1-dethia-1-oxacephalosporins.
• A is amino or substituted amino
• COB is carboxy or protected carboxy
• X is hydrogen or nucleophilic group
• Ph is phenyl
• R' is aryl or alkyl.
• the first gist of this invention is based on the discovery that the starting material II, vide infra, cyclizes by the attack of oxygen from the reverse side of the ring juncture and results in favorable stereospecific formation of the carbon to oxygen bond.
• the formed ⁇ -RCONH group can be replaced by ⁇ -RCONH by introduction of methoxy at position 7 ⁇ or through a Schiff base formation, epimerization and hydrolysis, finally giving the desired 1-dethia-1-oxacephalosporin having favorable stereochemistry.
• Other aspects of this invention are the synthetic processes represented by either one of the following reaction schemes (1) through (5) and intermediate compounds I given in item (6) below: ##STR8## and
• A is amino or substituted amino
• E is hydrogen or methoxy
• Y is a divalent group of the following formula: ##STR9##
• R is a monovalent group (minus the carbonyl function) of an acyl group derived from a carboxylic or carbonic acid
• Y 1 is a divalent group Y or ##STR10##
• COB is carboxy or protected carboxy
• X is a hydrogen or a nucleophilic group
• Z is a leaving group
• A is amino or substituted amino
• E is ⁇ hydrogen or ⁇ -methoxy
• Y is a divalent group of the following formula: ##STR13## in which
• COB is carboxy or protected carboxy
• X is hydrogen or a nucleophilic group
• Z is a leaving group
• the amino substituent of the substituted amino group for A can be selected from known side chains of natural or synthetic penicillins or cephalosporins, or their equivalents (e.g. acyl, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylidene, organic silyl or sulfenyl groups, or similar amino substituent which are conventional in the field of cephalosporin or penicillin chemistry).
• acyl, hydrocarbyl, hydrocarbylidene, organic silyl or sulfenyl groups or similar amino substituent which are conventional in the field of cephalosporin or penicillin chemistry.
• Said acyl may contain up to 20 carbon atoms and include the following typical examples:
• C 1 to C 10 alkanoyl e.g. formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, isobutyryl, cyclopropylacetyl, trimethylacetyl, valeryl, t-butylacetyl, caproyl, octanoyl, cyclohexylacetyl, decanoyl, 2-ethylenanthoyl, or like alkanoyl;
• C 1 to C 7 haloalkanoyl e.g. chloroacetyl, chloropropionyl, chloroisovaleryl, dichloroacetyl, trichloroacetyl, trichloropropionyl, bromoacetyl, bromopropionyl, dibromocyclohexylcarbonyl, or the like haloalkanoyl;
• Ar is an aryl e.g. furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, dihydrophenyl, tetrahydrophenyl, tetrahydropyrimidyl, naphthyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzopyrimidyl, cinnolinyl, pyridopyrimidyl, indanyl, or the like aryl, and each is un
• Ar, Q, and Q' are as defined above and G is oxygen, sulfur, or imino;
• acyloxy e.g. formylxoy, acetoxy, propionyloxy, butyryloxy, valeryloxy, cyclopropylacetoxy, cyclopentylpropionyloxy, phenylacetoxy, thienylacetoxy, phenoxyacetoxy, glycolyloxy, glyoxalyloxy, glycyloxy, chloroacetoxy, bromoacetoxy, trifluoroacetoxy, benzoyloxy, methylbenzoyloxy, dimethylbenzoyloxy, nitrobenzoyloxy, methoxybenzoyloxy, cyanobenzoyloxy, methanesulfonylbenzyloxy, carbamoyloxy, methylcarbamoyloxy, ethylcarbamoyloxy, propylcarbamoyloxy, methoxycarbonyloxy, t-butoxycarbonyloxy
• sulfo or C 1 to C 5 alkoxysulfonyl e.g. methoxysulfonyl, ethoxysulfonyl, propoxysulfonyl, butoxysulfonyl, cyclopropylmethoxysulfonyl, pentyloxysulfonyl, or cyclopropylethoxysulfonyl; or
• W 1 and W 2 each is hydrogen or a C 1 to C 10 amino-substituent, for example, C 2 to C 7 alkoxycarbonyl e.g. methoxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, isopropoxycarbonyl, t-butoxycarbonyl, pentyloxycarbonyl, or methylhexylcarbonyl; C 3 to C 10 cycloalkyl-C 2 to C 3 alkoxycarbonyl e.g.
• cyclopropylmethoxycarbonyl cyclopropylethoxycarbonyl, cyclopentylmethoxycarbonyl, cyclohexylethoxycarbonyl, or cycloheptylmethoxycarbonyl
• C 5 to C 8 cycloalkoxycarbonyl e.g. cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, cycloheptylcarbonyl, or cyclopropylcarbonyl
• C 1 to C 4 -alkylsulfonyl-C 1 to C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl e.g.
• methanesulfonylethoxycarbonyl ethanesulfonylethoxycarbonyl, methanesulfonylbutoxycarbonyl, or butanesulfonylbutoxycarbonyl
• halo-C 1 to C 3 -alkoxycarbonyl e.g. chloromethoxycarbonyl, chloroethoxycarbonyl, bromoethoxycarbonyl, iodoethoxycarbonyl, dichloroethoxycarbonyl, trichloroethoxycarbonyl, or trichloropropoxycarbonyl
• aralkoxycarbonyl e.g.
• benzyloxycarbonyl methylbenzyloxycarbonyl, dimethylbenzyloxycarbonyl, aminobenzyloxycarbonyl, acetamidobenzyloxycarbonyl, nitrobenzyloxycarbonyl, methoxybenzyloxycarbonyl, chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl, bromobenzyloxycarbonyl, diphenylmethoxycarbonyl, diphenylethoxycarbonyl, thiazolylmethoxycarbonyl, pyridylmethoxycarbonyl, or other Ar--CH 2 O--CO-- group (in which Ar is as defined above); C 1 to C 10 alkanoyl e.g.
• acetoacetic acid C 5 to C 10 acetoacetamides e.g. amide, methylamide, anilide, or methylanilide of acetoacetic acid, acetylacetone, acetoacetonitrile, ⁇ -acetylbutyrolactone, or 1,3-cyclopentanedione; or ##STR18## combined together show a diacrylamino derived from a C 4 to C 10 dibasic acid e.g. succinimido, maleimido, or phthalimido;
• L is an easily removable and optionally substituted C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbyl group e.g. t-butyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, isobornyl, 2-methoxy-t-butyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, p-nitrobenzyl, or pyridylmethyl.
• C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbyl group e.g. t-butyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopropylethyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, isobornyl, 2-methoxy-t-butyl, 2,2,2-trichloroethyl, benzyl, naphthylmethyl, p-methoxybenzyl, p-nitrobenz
• the amino substituent in the group A can be a diacyl group derived from a C 4 to C 10 polybasic carboxylic acid e.g. succinyl, maleoyl, phthaloyl, or pyridine-2,3-dicarbonyl.
• a diacyl group derived from a C 4 to C 10 polybasic carboxylic acid e.g. succinyl, maleoyl, phthaloyl, or pyridine-2,3-dicarbonyl.
• amino substituents in the group A can be a C 1 to C 20 optionally substituted hydrocarbyl e.g. methyl, ethyl, t-butyl, trityl, methylidene, benzylidene, hydroxybenzylidene, ⁇ -halobenzylidene, ⁇ -methoxybenzylidene, ⁇ -ethoxybenzylidene, 1-methoxy-2-phenylethylidene, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylidene, or o-hydroxybenzylidene; C 3 to C 10 organic silyl e.g.
• Groups convertible into amino or amido e.g. anamino, amido, azido, isocyanato or isocyano are also included in the scope of group A.
• the group A can be a cyclic group e.g. 4-phenyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, 4-p-hydroxyphenyl-2,2,-dimethyl-3-nitroso-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, 4-p-hydroxyphenyl-2-phenyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, or 4-thienyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl.
• a cyclic group e.g. 4-phenyl-2,2-dimethyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, 4-p-hydroxyphenyl-2,2,-dimethyl-3-nitroso-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, 4-p-hydroxyphenyl-2-phenyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl, or 4-thienyl-5-oxoimidazolidin-1-yl.
• the said group A where possible, can be interrupted by a hetero atom in the skeleton or can be unsaturated, or can be substituted by, for example, halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine, or bromine; a nitrogen function e.g. amino, hydrazinyl, azido, alkylamino, arylamino, acylamino, alkylideneamino, acylimino, imino, or nitro; oxygen function e.g. hydroxy, alkoxy, aralkoxy, aryloxy, acyloxy, or oxo; sulfur function e.g.
• halogen e.g. fluorine, chlorine, or bromine
• a nitrogen function e.g. amino, hydrazinyl, azido, alkylamino, arylamino, acylamino, alkylideneamino, acylimino, imino, or nitro
• oxygen function e.g.
• the group B is hydroxy when the group COB is a carboxy group.
• the group B can be a carboxy-protecting group.
• the group B can be an oxygen function, for example,
• C 1 to C 10 alkoxy e.g. methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, butoxy, t-butoxy, monohydroxy-t-butoxy, methoxy-t-butoxy, cyclopropylmethoxy, pentyloxy, isopentyloxy, cyclopropylethoxy, cyclopentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclohexyloxy, octyloxy, or decyloxy;
• C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy e.g. chloromethoxy, chloroethoxy, bromoethoxy, iodoethoxy, dichloropropoxy, trichloroethoxy, trichlorobutoxy, or dibromocyclohexyloxy;
• acylalkoxy e.g. acetonyloxy, acetylethoxy, propionylmethoxy, phenacyloxy, chlorophenacyloxy, bromophenacyloxy, nitrophenacyloxy, or methylphenacyloxy;
• alkoxyalkoxy e.g. methoxymethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, chloroethoxymethoxy, propoxyethoxy, butoxyethoxy, cyclohexyloxyethoxy, methoxyethoxymethoxy, butoxyethoxymethoxy, or octyloxyethoxy;
• aminoalkoxy e.g. aminomethoxy, aminoethoxy, dimethylaminoethoxy, or ethylaminomethoxy
• aryloxy e.g. phenoxy, chlorophenoxy, nitrophenoxy, naphthyloxy, pyridyloxy, indolyloxy, indanyloxy, or pentachlorophenoxy
• aralkoxy e.g.
• benzyloxy methylbenzyloxy, xylylmethoxy, chlorobenzyloxy, bromobenzyloxy, methoxybenzyloxy, ethoxybenzyloxy, nitrobenzyloxy, dibromobenzyloxy, phenethyloxy, phthalidyloxy, p-hydroxy-di-t-butylbenzyloxy, diphenylmethoxy, or trityloxy;
• alkylsilyloxy e.g. trimethylsilyloxy, dimethylmethoxysilyloxy, chlorodimethylsilyloxy, or ethylenedioxymethylsilyloxy; or
• C 1 to C 10 organic or inorganic acyloxy e.g. acetoxy, propionyloxy, sulfonyloxy, sulfooxy, or chloratooxy; to form an anhydride group; or
• metaloxy of a group I, II, or III metal in the periodical table e.g. lithiooxy, sodio-oxy, potassio-oxy, or magnesiooxy, or C 1 to C 15 hydrocarbylammoniooxy e.g. triethylammoniooxy, dicyclohexylammonio-oxy to form a salt group; a sulfur function, for example, C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbylthio or mercapto to form a thiol ester or thiocarboxylic acid group; a nitrogen function, for example,
• C 1 to C 5 alkylamino e.g. methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, butyramino, or pentylamino; or
• di-C 1 to C 5 -alkylamino e.g. dimethylamino, diethylamino, piperidyl, morpholin-1-yl, or methylmorpholin-1-yl to form an amide group; or
• the nucleophilic group X can be every possible group being introduced at the methylene attached to the position 3 of cephem ring in place of the acetoxy group of cephalosporanic acid.
• Typical examples of X include halo e.g. chloro or bromo; oxygen functions, for example, hydroxy, C 1 to C 4 alkanoyloxy e.g. formyloxy, acetoxy, propionyloxy, or butyryloxy; substituted C 1 to C 4 alkanoyloxy e.g. malonyloxy, succinoyloxy, cyanoacetoxy, glycyloxy, alanyloxy, glycolyloxy, glyoxylyloxy, phenoxyacetoxy, sulfopropionyloxy, chloroacetoxy, dichloroacetoxy, or trifluoroacetoxy; aroyloxy e.g.
• aralkylthio e.g. benzylthio, picolylthio, or phenethylthio
• arylthio of the formula Ar--S-- e.g. phenylthio, triazolylthio, thiadiazolylthio, oxadiazolylthio, or tetrazolylthio, each being unsubstituted or substituted by e.g.
• Said leaving group Z can be an anionic part of a nucleophilic reagent.
• Typical examples of them include halo e.g. chloro, bromo, or iodo; hydroxy; or C 1 to C 8 carboxylic acyloxy e.g. acetoxy or trifluoroacetoxy; sulfonic acyloxy e.g. methanesulfonyloxy, ethanesulfonyloxy, toluenesulfonyloxy, or bromobenzenesulfonyloxy, arylthio e.g. phenylthio, arylsulfenyl e.g. phenylsulfenyl, arylselenyl, arylsulfinyl, or alkylsulfinyl.
• the leaving group is removed during the synthesis to give the final objective compounds, and wide variety of structure is feasible without affecting on the final product to be produced and without departing from this invention.
• R, COB or Y When R, COB or Y is likely to be affected from undesirable change during the reaction, it may be protected in advance and deprotected afterwards at an optional stage.
• A is amino or substituted amino
• E is hydrogen or methoxy
• Y is a divalent group of the following formula: ##STR20## in which
• COB is carboxy or protected carboxy
• X is hydrogen or nucleophilic group
• Z is a leaving group
• Ar is an aryl selected from furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, oxatriazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thiatriazolyl, pyrazolyl, imidazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, phenyl, pyridyl, pyrimidyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, triazinyl, dihydrophenyl, tetrahydrophenyl, tetrahydropyrimidyl, naphthyl, benzothiazolyl, indolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzopyrimidyl, cinnolinyl, pyridopyrimidyl, or indanyl ring group;
• Ar, Q, and Q' each is as defined above and G is oxygen, sulfur, or imino;
• L is an easily removable and unsubstituted or substituted C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbyl group
• the group B in said COB is C 1 to C 10 alkoxy, C 1 to C 6 haloalkoxy, C 3 to C 10 acylalkoxy, C 3 to C 10 alkoxyalkoxy, C 2 to C 10 aminoalkoxy, aryloxy, aralkoxy, C 1 to C 10 alkylsilyloxy, C 1 to C 10 alkylstannyloxy, C 1 to C 10 acyloxy, inorganic acyloxy, metal-oxy of a group I, II, or III metal in the periodical table, C 1 to C 15 hydrocarbylammonio-oxy, C 1 to C 10 hydrocarbylthio, mercapto, C 1 to C 5 alkylamino, di-C 1 to C 5 alkylamino, hydrazinyl, or azido
• E is ⁇ -hydrogen or
• Further specific compounds (I) have benzoylamino, methylbenzoylamino, chlorobenzoylamino, nitrobenzoylamino, cyanobenzoylamino, phenoxyacetamido, phenylacetamido, diphenylmethoxycarbonylphenylacetamido, or amino for the A group; hydroxy, benzyloxy, tolylmethoxy, chlorobenzyloxy, diphenylmethoxy, naphthylmethoxy, t-butoxy, or trimethylsilyloxy for B in COB; chloro, bromo, hydroxy, acetoxy, methanesulfonyloxy, methylthio, 1-m ethyltetrazol-5-ylthio, or hydrogen for the X group; and chloro, bromo, hydroxy, or acetoxy for the Z group.
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X hydrogen
• Z hydroxy
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X hydrogen
• Z ⁇ -acetoxy
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X hydrogen
• Z bromine
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X hydroxy
• Z methanesulfonyloxy
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X methylthio
• Z chlorine
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z hydroxy
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z chlorine
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• X bromine
• Z hydroxy
• A p-chlorobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• A p-cyanobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• A phenoxyacetamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• A phenylacetamido
• COB benzyloxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X hydrogen
• Z acetoxy
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X hydrogen
• Z trifluoroacetoxy
• A p-chlorobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• X chlorine
• A p-cyanobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z chlorine
• A p-nitrobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• X chlorine
• A p-methylbenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z chlorine
• A p-chlorobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• A p-cyanobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• A p-nitrobenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• A p-methylbenzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• A benzamido
• COB p-methylbenzyloxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z chlorine
• A benzamido
• COB p-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z chlorine
• A benzamido
• COB naphthylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• X 1-methyltetrazolylthio
• Z chlorine
• A ⁇ -diphenylmethoxycarbonyl-phenylacetamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -methoxy
• A phenoxyacetamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• A phenylacetamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• A benzamido
• COB diphenylmethoxycarbonyl
• E ⁇ -hydrogen
• Compounds I can be used as starting materials for making known antibacterials e.g. 1-dethia-1-oxacephalosporins (Japanese Patent Publication (Unexamined) Nos. 49-133,594 and 51-149,295) in high yield by introducing or migrating a double bond to position 3, replacing A with an antibacterially preferable side chain, and/or deprotecting the protected carboxy in COB, if required after introduction of antibacterially suitable X at the methylene bound to position 3 of 1-dethia-1-oxacephem nucleus.
• said double bond, A, COB, and X may be replaced by antibacterially suitable ones prior to forming desired cephem ring system.
• Choice of said groups A, COB, and X in the starting materials and the intermediates depends mainly on easiness of reactions, stability under reaction conditions, and on the factors of waste, costs, or other practical and technical factors.
• Compounds (1) can be, for example, subjected to (a) HZ-elimination to give a 1-dethia-1-oxacephalosporin (4) which can also be prepared by (b) double bond migration of Compound (2) with a base (e.g. triethylamine) at 0° C. to 70° C. for 5 hours to 3 days or by (c) cyclization of Compound (3) with a Lewis acid (e.g. boron trifluoride) at 0° C. to 50° C. for 0.1 to 1 hour. All of the processes (a), (b), and (c) can be effected under conditions analogous to the corresponding treatments given later in relation to the compounds of this invention. Some of illustrative examples are given below in the working examples. ##STR29## (wherein
• R means a group of acyl (minus the carbonyl function) when A is an ⁇ -amino function represented by RCONH).
• sensitive gram positive bacteria e.g. Streptococcus pyogenes
• gram negative bacteria e.g. Escherichia coli
• Y 1 is a divalent group of the following formula: ##STR32## (in which
• COB is carboxy or protected carboxy
• X is hydrogen or a nucleophilic group
• Z is a leaving group
• the group R correspounds to the monovalent group of acyl (minus the carbonyl function) derived from carboxylic or carbonic acyls as defined in the Section I Compounds.
• Compounds Ia may be prepared from the correspounding Oxazolinoazetidines II by treating with an acid.
• the acid include mineral acids (e.g. HCl, HBr, HNO 3 , H 2 SO 4 , or H 3 PO 4 ), sulfonic acids (e.g. CH 3 SO 3 H, C 2 H 5 SO 3 H, C 6 H 5 SO 3 H, CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 3 H, BrC 6 H 4 SO 3 H, CF 3 SO 3 H, or naphthalenesulfonic acid) strong carboxylic acids (e.g. Cl 3 CCOOH, CF 3 COOH), Lewis acids (e.g. BF 3 , ZnCl 2 , SnCl 2 , SnCl 4 , SnBr 2 , SbCl 3 , SbCl 5 , or TiCl 3 ), and similar acids.
• mineral acids e.g. HCl, HBr, HNO 3 , H 2 SO
• reaction is complete usually within 5 minutes to 10 hours, often 15 minutes to 3 hours at -30° C. to +50° C., especially at 15° C. to 30° C., to give Compounds Ia in high yield.
• the reaction can be carried out with stirring or under an inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide) atmosphere.
• an inert gas e.g. nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide
• the reaction is generally carried out in an inert solvent.
• Typical inert solvents include hydrocarbons (e.g. hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, toluene), halohydrocarbons (e.g. methylene chloride, chloroform, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, chlorobenzene), ethers (e.g. diethyl ether, diisobutyl ether, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran), esters (e.g. ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, methyl benzoate), ketones (e.g.
• Solvents having hydroxy function may react with the starting materials II to give by-products, but they also are available under controlled reaction conditions. Typical examples of such hydroxy-solvents are water, alcohols (e.g. methanol, ethanol, t-butanol, benzyl alcohols), acids (e.g. formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid), and mixtures thereof.
• the terminal hydroxy linked to Y 1 on Oxazolinoazetidine II may be protected in advance by a hydroxy-protecting group (e.g. formyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or the like) readily removable under the reaction conditions.
• a hydroxy-protecting group e.g. formyl, tetrahydropyranyl, or the like
• an Oxazolinoazetidine II (one part) is dissolved in a mixture of 5 to 10 parts of halohydrocarbon (e.g. chloroform, dichloromethane), and 0 to 10 parts of ether solvent (e.g. ether, dioxane), mixed with 1 to 0.001 molar equivalent of an acid (e.g. boron trifluoride etherate, toluenesulfonic acid, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, stannic chloride), and the solution is kept at 10° to 60° C. for 0.5 to 10 hours to give the correspounding Compound Ia in about 50 to 95% yield.
• halohydrocarbon e.g. chloroform, dichloromethane
• ether solvent e.g. ether, dioxane
• an acid e.g. boron trifluoride etherate, toluenesulfonic acid, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, stan
• Oxazolinoazetidines II are prepared from 6-epi-penicillin 1-oxides, e.g. according to the following reaction sequences: ##STR33## (wherein R, COB, and X are as defined above)
• Transformation of said group E from hydrogen to methoxy in compounds Ia can be done stepwise as follows: at first, the part --NH-- in the side chain A is oxidized to form an imino --N ⁇ on the corner at position 7, then equimolar methanol is added to the imino to reform another --NH-- linkage and a methoxy in place of the original hydrogen.
• starting Compound Ia is treated with an N-halogenating reagent, subjected to hydrogen halide elimination with a base to give corresponding imino compound, and then treated with methanol to give the objective Compound Ia (where E is ⁇ -methoxy).
• N-halogenation other part of the molecule may be partially halogenated, but the over-halogenated product may be reduced to remove excessively introduced halogen atom.
• the procedures may be one of the followings:
• N-halogenating reagent e.g. molecular halogen, t-butyl hypochlorite
• alkali metal methoxide e.g. lithium methylate, sodium methylate, potassium methylate
• alkaline earth metal methoxide e.g. Mg (OCH 3 ) 2 , Ca(OCH 3 ) 2 , Ba(OCH 3 ) 2 or like base
• Compounds Ia (E ⁇ H, A ⁇ NH 2 ) can be treated with a suitable aldehyde (e.g. benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde) to form a Schiff base, oxidized to give an imino compound, treated with methanol, and then hydrolyzed to give other Compounds Ia (E ⁇ OCH 3 , A ⁇ NH 2 ).
• a suitable aldehyde e.g. benzaldehyde, p-hydroxybenzaldehyde, 3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxybenzaldehyde
• amide Ia 1 part of the amide Ia is dissolved in 10 to 50 parts of an inert solvent (e.g. dichloromethane, dioxan, ether, dipropyl ether, tetrahydrofuran), stirred with 1 to 5 mole equivalents of N-halogenating reagent (e.g. molecular halogen in carbon tetrachloride or t-butyl hypochlorite) for 2 to 10 minutes at -70° C. to -10° C., mixed with 1 to 4 equivalents of a metal methoxide (e.g. lithium methoxide, magnesium methoxide) in methanol, and stirred at -50° C. to 0° C. for 5 to 70 minutes.
• the reaction mixture is neutralized with acetic acid or mineral acid, and the product is extracted with an organic solvent.
• Such a treatment gives usually up to 95% yield of objective compound Ia (E ⁇ OCH 3 ).
• a compound I having an exomethylene group at position 3 reacts with an addition reagent XZ (e.g. molecular halogen, peracid, peroxide, hypohalite salt, hypohalite ester, heavy metal peroxide such as osmium tetroxide, sulfenyl halide) in an inert solvent (e.g. hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, ether, ester, or like solvents) to give Compounds I where Y is a divalent group of the formula: ##STR34## (in which COB, X, and Z are as defined above).
• XZ e.g. molecular halogen, peracid, peroxide, hypohalite salt, hypohalite ester, heavy metal peroxide such as osmium tetroxide, sulfenyl halide
• an inert solvent e.g. hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, ether, ester, or like solvents
• the addition may be accomplished smoothly even at low temperature of -70° C. to 0° C. for 5 minutes to 10 hours in an inert solvent (especially halohydrocarbon and ether solvents) giving up to 90% yield of the addition product owing to high reactivity of exomethylene-double bond at position 3.
• an inert solvent especially halohydrocarbon and ether solvents
• the halogenation can be accelerated under the irradiation of light or the addition of a catalyst (e.g. Cu, Cu 2 S, Cu 2 Cl 2 , Ph 3 PO) to give a higher addition yield.
• a catalyst e.g. Cu, Cu 2 S, Cu 2 Cl 2 , Ph 3 PO
• This step is carried out by removing Z from the starting compound I along with a neighbouring hydrogen to give ⁇ 2 - or ⁇ 3 -cephem compounds.
• the double bond formation depends on the location of the eliminated hydrogen, but the isomerism may be also a result of migration of formerly formed double bond under the reaction condition or during work-up.
• acyloxy e.g. mineral acid acyloxy, optionally substituted alkanoyloxy, carbamoyloxy, sulfonyloxy, phosphoryloxy
• an acid-acceptor e.g. aliphatic amine, aromatic base; salt of weak organic acid and strong base; alkali metal hydroxide, bicarbonate, carbonate, mercaptide, or alcoholate; alkaline earth metal oxide, hydroxide, hydrogencarbonate, or carbonate; alumina, silica gel.
• a dehydrating reagent e.g. phosphorus pentoxide, mineral acid, Lewis acid, strong carboxylic acid, aliphatic or aromatic sulfonic acid or phosphonic acid, inorganic or organic base, alumina, silica gel, amide
• halogenating reagent e.g. phosphorus pentahalide, phosphorus trihalide, phosphorus oxyhalide, thionyl halide, sulfuryl hlide
• acylating reagent e.g. acid anhydride, acid halide, acid isocyanide
• an acid-acceptor e.g. said acid acceptor given above.
• the reaction can be carried out at -50° C. to 100° C. with stirring under inert gas (e.g. nitrogen, argon, or carbon dioxide) in a solvent (e.g. said hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, ether, ester, ketone, alcohol, sulfoxide, or nitile solvent; base such as pyridine or quinoline; acid; acid anhydride such as acetic or trifluoroacetic anhydride; or like solvents or mixtures thereof).
• inert gas e.g. nitrogen, argon, or carbon dioxide
• a solvent e.g. said hydrocarbon, halohydrocarbon, ether, ester, ketone, alcohol, sulfoxide, or nitile solvent
• base such as pyridine or quinoline
• acid acid anhydride such as acetic or trifluoroacetic anhydride; or like solvents or mixtures thereof.
• the said reactions can be carried out in a hydrocarbon solvent (e.g. hexane, toluene), halohydrocarbon (e.g. dichloromethane, chlorobenzene), ether (e.g. diethyl ether, dioxane), ketone (e.g. acetone, cyclohexanone, benzophenone), ester (e.g. ethyl acetate, methyl benzoate), alcohol (e.g. ethanol, t-butanol, benzyl alcohol), amide, carboxylic acid, or other conventional solvents for organic reactions.
• a hydrocarbon solvent e.g. hexane, toluene
• halohydrocarbon e.g. dichloromethane, chlorobenzene
• ether e.g. diethyl ether, dioxane
• ketone e.g. acetone, cyclohexanone, benzophenone
• the original molecule When the original molecule contains reactive groups, it may be occationally attacked by the reagent or solvent during the said reaction or work-up.
• addition of halogen to 3-exomethylene group accompanies N-halogenation in 7-amide chain; imino formation with a base for 7-methoxy introduction causes HZ elimination when Z is halo or acyloxy; and replacement of X being halo with basic nucleophilic reagent results in HZ elimination when Z is halo.
• These can be deemed usually as side-reactions, but when such side-reactions are used in the right direction more efficient synthesis can be done than conventional step-by-step reaction procedures.
• the known method for preparing 1-dethia-1-oxacephalosporins starts from a penicillins (Japanese Patent Publication (Unexamined) No. 51-149295) by cleaving the thiazolidine ring, making azetidinone thiol naked, and rebinding new alcohol units to form azetidinooxazine bicycle.
• Another total synthesis Japanese Patent Publication (Unexamined) No. 49-133594) requires more difficult intermolecular cyclization to form the dihydrooxazine ring.
• This invention aims at no carbon loss from starting penicillins, resulting in smoother intramolecular cyclization and less by-products, to give higher yield of expected Compound I and 1-dethia-1-oxacephalosporins.
• Stereochemistry of COB in the formulae is preferably the same with that in penicillins (i.e. R configuration) but not necessarily restricted to it.
• the isomeric mixture is chromatographed on a column of silica gel deactivated with 10% water. Eluate with a mixture (4:1) of benzene and ethyl acetate is recrystallized from a mixture of acetone and ether and then a mixture of acetone and dichloromethane to give those respective two stereoisomers.
• a 7 ⁇ -unsubstituted-7 ⁇ -amido-1-dethia-1-oxacepham compound (I) is dissolved in a solvent, and mixed with an N-halogenating reagent and a base in methanol under a condition given in Table II to give the corresponding 7 ⁇ -methoxy-7 ⁇ -amido compound.
• a 3,3-methylene-1-dethia-1-oxacepham compound (I) is dissolved in a solvent, mixed with an addition reagent XZ under conditions shown in Table III to give an addition product.
• diphenylmethyl 7 ⁇ -benzamido-3-methylene-1-dethia-1-oxacepham-4 ⁇ -carboxylate 103 mg
• methylene chloride 1 ml
• 0.75 N solution of chlorine in carbon tetrachloride 0.75 N
• tungusten lamp -20° to -30° C. for 30 minutes
• diphenylmethyl 7 ⁇ -benzamido-3 ⁇ -chloro-3 ⁇ -chloromethyl-1-dethia-1-oxacepham-4.alpha.-carboxylate 120 mg.
• diphenylmethyl 7 ⁇ -phenylacetamido-3-methylene-1-dethia-1-oxacepham-4 ⁇ -carboxylate (705 mg) is reacted with 1.77 equivalents of chlorine in dichloromethane (7 ml) at a temperature below -25° C. to give diphenylmethyl 7 ⁇ -phenylacetamido-3 ⁇ -chloro-3 ⁇ -chloromethyl-1-dethia-1-oxacepham-4 ⁇ -carboxylate.
• a 1-dethia-1-oxacepham compound is dissolved in a solvent and mixed with an eliminating reagent under conditions shown in Table IV to give a 1-dethia-1-oxacephem compound (I).
• a 7 ⁇ -amino-7 ⁇ -unsubstituted-3-exomethylene-1-dethia-1-oxacepham-4-carboxylate is dissolved in dichloromethane, mixed with a halogenating reagent and a base in methanol to give a 3-halo-3-halomethyl-7 ⁇ -methoxy-7 ⁇ -amino-1-dethia-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylate under conditions given in Table V. Occasionally, 3-halogenomethyl is replaced by another nucleophile.
• the residue contains diphenylmethyl 7 ⁇ -cyanobenzamido-7 ⁇ -methoxy-3-chloro-methyl-1-dethia-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylate. It is dissolved in dichloromethane (6 ml) with stirring with sodium 1-methyl-tetrazol-5-mercaptide (100 mg) and tetrabutylammonium bromide (20 mg) in water (3 ml) at room temperature for 1 hour.
• reaction mixture is poured into ice-water, extracted with dichloromethane, washed with water, dried, and evaporated to leave 335 mg of residue which gives pure 7 ⁇ -p-cyanobenzamido-7 ⁇ -methoxy-3-(1-methyltetrazol-5-ylthio)methyl-1-dethia-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylate (251 mg) after silica gel-column chromatography.
• the mixture is kept in equilibrium at room temperature for 15 hours to give 50.8% of ⁇ 2 -isomer, 4.1% of a mixture of ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 -isomers, and 38.3% of ⁇ 3 -isomer after chromatographic separation.
• the extract solution is washed with saturated aqueous sodium hydrogen carbonate, and the washings are acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid and reextracted with ethyl acetate.
• the organic layer is washed with water, dried and evaporated to leave 7 ⁇ -benzamido-3-exomethylene-1-dethia-1-oxacepham-4 ⁇ -carboxylic acid (623 mg).
• Step 1 To a solution of diphenylmethyl 2-(3-benzyl-7-oxo-2,6-diaza-4-oxabicyclo[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl)-3-methyl-3-butenoate (4.6 g) in ethyl acetate (70 ml) are added 2.74 M-solution of hydrochloric acid in ethyl acetate (3.8 ml) and 1.47 M-solution of chlorine in carbon tetrachloride (12 ml), and the mixture is stirred at room temperature for 15 minutes.
• Step 2 The butenoate above is dissolved in acetone (25 ml), mixed with sodium iodide (3.3 g) and kept at room temperature for 2 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated to remove acetone and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract is washed with aqueous 5% sodium thiosulfate and water, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to leave the corresponding iodide (3.0 g).
• Step 3 To a solution of the iodide above (1.59 g) in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (13 ml) and water (3 ml) is added cupric oxide (0.77 g), and the mixture is stirred at 39° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is filtered to remove solid part and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract solution is washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate, and evaporated to give diphenylmethyl 2-(3-benzyl-7-oxo-2,6-diaza-4-oxabicyclo-[3.2.0]hept-2-en-6-yl)-3-hydroxymethyl-3-butenoate (0.35 g), mp. 40°-55° C.

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• Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
• Cephalosporin Compounds (AREA)

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• 1978
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