US4354154A - Measuring transformer for high-voltage switch-gear with metal encapsulation - Google Patents

Measuring transformer for high-voltage switch-gear with metal encapsulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US4354154A
US4354154A US06/023,774 US2377479A US4354154A US 4354154 A US4354154 A US 4354154A US 2377479 A US2377479 A US 2377479A US 4354154 A US4354154 A US 4354154A
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United States
Prior art keywords
capacitor
voltage
inner conductor
flanges
sealing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US06/023,774
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English (en)
Inventor
Heinz Schiemann
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B11/00—Switchgear having carriage withdrawable for isolation
    • H02B11/26—Arrangements of fuses, resistors, voltage arresters or the like
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase AC
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase AC
    • H01F38/34—Combined voltage and current transformers
    • H01F38/36—Constructions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/20—Instruments transformers
    • H01F38/22—Instruments transformers for single phase AC
    • H01F38/28—Current transformers
    • H01F38/30—Constructions
    • H01F2038/305—Constructions with toroidal magnetic core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B—BOARDS, SUBSTATIONS OR SWITCHING ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE SUPPLY OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02B13/00—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle
    • H02B13/02—Arrangement of switchgear in which switches are enclosed in, or structurally associated with, a casing, e.g. cubicle with metal casing
    • H02B13/035—Gas-insulated switchgear
    • H02B13/0356—Mounting of monitoring devices, e.g. current transformers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a measuring transformer for use with high-voltage switch-gear of a type employing metal encapsulation and, in particular, to a measuring transformer which is retained between flanges at a joint of the metal encapsulation of the switch-gear.
  • cores with secondary windings are assembled on a cylindrical aluminum part which has two flanges.
  • One flange serves to fasten another flange part, which part engages over the cores having the secondary windings, while the other flange of the cylindrical aluminum part connects with a flange of the metal encapsulation at a joint thereof.
  • the over engaging part is assembled to another flange of the metal encapsulation so that the transformer, formed by the two parts, with the iron cores including secondary windings housed between them, is retained at a joint between the flanges of the metal encapsulation.
  • the aforesaid design of the known measuring transformer is relatively complicated because it employs a first cylindrical aluminum casting as support for the iron cores having the secondary windings and another casting to cover up such cores. As a result, the transformer is relatively expensive to manufacture.
  • a measuring transformer which is retained between the flanges of the metal encapsulation of a switch-gear and which includes a sealing and insulating spacing means, the latter means being determinative of the spacing of the aforesaid flanges from each other. More particularly, the spacing means together with the flanges form a ring-shaped cavity which the spacing means seals against the interior of the metal encapsulation. Additionally, at least one iron core having a secondary winding placed thereon is disposed in the ring-shaped cavity, the latter core together with the inner conductor of the high-voltage switch-gear forming a current transformer.
  • the transformer of the present invention permits relative freedom in the design of the iron core cross section profile, which is not the case with measuring transformers housed within the metal encapsulation.
  • the transformer of the present invention permits the use of cores having a relatively large cross-sectional area, as is required particularly for transformers with linear characteristics.
  • the transformer of the present invention allows the assembly of tape-wound cores after the completion of the entire high-voltage switch-gear installation and, additionally, offers the possibility of replacing tape-wound cores of a certain size with others of different power rating and transformation ratio in a completely assembled switch-gear installation. Also, later changes in the transformation ratio are possible because the present measuring transformer is accessible from the outside.
  • the sealing and insulating spacing means of the measuring transformer of the present invention may vary in design. It is considered advantageous, however, if the sealing spacing means comprises an insulating tube and sealing rings located at the faces of the insulating tube. When tightening the flanges of the metal encapsulation, the sealing rings are pressed against the insulating tube, on the one hand, and against the flanges, on the other hand, so that a good seal is achieved at the point of installation of the transformer.
  • spacing means comprising an insulating tube
  • a conductive coating which forms a capacitor with such inner conductor.
  • the conductive coating may be connected to the grounded metal encapsulation. However, if a voltage measurement is additionally desired, the conductive coating is insulated from the metal encapsulation, and a measuring and/or indicating device is connected to the coating.
  • the aforementioned measuring and/or indicating device employed with the present measuring transformer may differ in design.
  • the measuring portion of the instrument comprises a capacitor which, by being connected to the coating and to the metal encapsulation, acts as the low-voltage capacitor of a capacitive voltage divider whose high-voltage capacitor is formed by the inner conductor and the coating.
  • an indicating device which may include an indicating glow lamp, the latter lamp being shunted across the low-voltage capacitor.
  • a monitoring system for the voltage in the high-voltage switch-gear is thus realized, advantageously, in a simple manner. If the ring-shaped cavity including the iron cores and the secondary windings is covered up towards the outside, it is advisable to provide a window in the cover, to be able to observe the indicating glow lamp.
  • an electro-optical component disposed in a beam of a polarized light.
  • the electro-optical component is followed by an optical transducer and may be mounted inside or outside the ring-shaped cavity. It appears advantageous, however, to accomodate the electro-optical component within the ring-shaped cavity, because it is then protected.
  • the light source generating the polarized light and the optical transducer may also be disposed inside the ring-shaped cavity, provided this does not require a cavity whose dimensions are unduely large.
  • the light source and the optical transducer may be mounted on the outside of the ring-shaped cavity and the light beam directed through two windows disposed in an outer cover onto the electro-optical component.
  • the electro-optical component may be a Kerr cell or a Pockels cell.
  • the low-voltage capacitor of the measuring device may be formed in an advantageous manner by means of another conductive coating formed on the portion of the surface of the insulating tube facing away from the conductor of the switch-gear.
  • the insulating tube then forms the dielectric of the low-voltage capacitor.
  • the insulating tube may also serve as support for a paper capacitor winding, housed inside the ring-shaped cavity and used as the low-voltage capacitor.
  • a transmitter is disposed on such tube, the latter transmitter being responsive to the magnetic field brought about by the current in the inner conductor of the switch-gear.
  • a transmitter may be formed, for example, by a coil disposed on the insulating tube.
  • semiconductor components such as "field plates" of Hall-effect generators, may also be employed. The use of such a transmitter does not depend on whether or not the insulating tube has a conducting coating on its inner surface.
  • the insulating tube may support on its surface facing toward the inner conductor another transmitter which is responsive to the electric field between the inner conductor and the conductive coating.
  • a transmitter may comprise a component which includes a semiconductor material such as used in surface field-effect devices (see, for example, "ETZ-A," 1964, page 822, FIG. 16).
  • this transmitter will generally be used only, if its use appears more economical and more advantageous instrumentation-wise than the use of a conductive coating to form a high voltage capacitor.
  • the spacing means of the present transformer may also comprise at least one flange projection, a disc (washer) of insulating material and ring-shaped seals disposed on both sides of the insulating disc.
  • a design of the sealing spacing means is particularly advantageous when substantial temperature-caused expansions are to be expected in the high-voltage switch-gear installation.
  • the thinness of the insulating disc makes it possible to better compensate for the temperature-caused expansion of the screws connecting the flanges, of the flange projections and of the insulating disc.
  • such a design of the spacing means renders it more difficult to design the measuring transformer to perform both voltage and current measurements.
  • FIG. 1 shows, partly in section and partly in elevation, a first embodiment of a measuring transformer in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates, also partly in section and partly in elevation, a second embodiment of the measuring transformer of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 illustrate further embodiments of the present transformer in which different configurations of voltage measuring devices are employed.
  • the measuring transformer shown in FIG. 1 comprises a primary conductor formed by the inner conductor 1 of the high-voltage switch-gear installation 2 and an iron core 3 on which is placed a secondary winding 4.
  • Iron core 3 and secondary winding 4 are located in a ring-shaped cavity 5 formed at a joint of the metal encapsulation of the switch-gear 2. More specifically, cavity 5 comprises a flange 6 of a part 7 of the metal encapsulation, a flange 8 of another part 9 of the metal encapsulation and an insulating tube 10 which forms a sealing and insulating spacing means for the measuring transformer.
  • sealing rings 11 and 12 Disposed at the end faces of the insulating tube 10 are sealing rings 11 and 12 which seal the interior 14 of the high-voltage switch-gear 2 from the ring-shaped cavity 5 when the flanges 6 and 8 are tightened by means of screws 13. Insulating gas in the high-voltage switch-gear installation 2 can then no longer escape to the outside in an undesired manner.
  • the ring-shaped cavity 5 is closed to the outside by a cylindrical cover 15 which need not be sealed.
  • a conductive coating 17 which forms one electrode of a high-voltage capacitor of a capacitive voltage divider.
  • the other electrode of the high-voltage capacitor is formed by the inner conductor 1.
  • a connecting line not shown
  • a low-voltage capacitor such as may be disposed outside of the ring-shaped cavity 5
  • a capacitive voltage divider is completed.
  • Such a voltage divider makes it possible, for instance, upon connecting an amplifier to the low-voltage capacitor, to obtain at the output of such an amplifier a measured quantity which is proportional to the voltage between the inner conductor 1 and the metal encapsulation 2.
  • the measuring transformer of FIG. 1 is thus configured to take voltage measurements. As will be explained more fully in conjunction with FIG. 2, the measuring transformer of the present invention can be configured to take both voltage and current measurements.
  • the insulating and sealing spacing means thereof comprises flange projections 20 and 21 of the flanges 22 and 23 and an insulating material in the form of a disc or washer 24. Associated with the latter, on both sides thereof, are ring-shaped seals 25 and 26. If the flanges 22 and 23 are bolted to each other by means of screws 27, the ring-shaped seals 25 and 26 seal the inner chamber 28 of the high-voltage switch-gear 29 against the ring-shaped cavity 30 formed by the flange projections 20 and 21, the flanges 22 and 23 and the material 24.
  • the ring-shaped cavity 30 disposed in the ring-shaped cavity 30 are two iron cores 31 and 32 to which are mounted secondary windings 33 and 34, respectively. These iron cores with the secondary windings 33 and 34, together with the inner conductor 35 of the high-voltage switch-gear 29, acting as the primary conductor, form a current transformer with two active systems.
  • the one iron core 31 may be a metering core, for example, while the other iron core 32 may be a measuring core of greater accuracy.
  • the ring-shaped cavity 30 is additionally provided with a cylindrical cover 36 which is removeable. In principle, the cylindrical cover 36 need not be employed.
  • FIGS. 3 to 8 are modifications of the embodiments of FIG. 1 and, thus, similar reference numerals have been used to designate similar parts.
  • FIG. 3 there is included in the ring-shaped cavity 5, in addition to the iron core 3 with the secondary winding 4, a low-voltage capacitor 40 which is connected to the conductive coating 17, via a connecting line 41, and to the grounded flange 8, via another line 42. Also included in the cavity is an indicating glow lamp 44 which is grounded by means of another line 45 and connected to the low-voltage capacitor 40, via a connecting line 43. For observing glow lamp 44, an observation window 46 is provided in the flange 6. With this embodiment of the measuring transformer it is, thus, possible to measure the current in the inner conductor 1 and, in addition, to monitor the voltage between the inner conductor 1 and the metal encapsulation of the high-voltage switch-gear installation 2.
  • a low-voltage capacitor designed as a paper capacitor winding 50.
  • Capacitor 50 is connected to the conducting coating 17, on the one hand, and to the grounded flange 8, on the other hand.
  • a signaling lamp 51 For the monitoring of the voltage at the low-voltage capacitor 50 and, hence, also for monitoring the voltage between the inner conductor 1 and the metal encapsulation of the high-voltage switch-gear 2, there is connected to the low-voltage capacitor 50 a signaling lamp 51.
  • the latter lamp can be observed through a window 52 in the cylindrical cover 15.
  • a low-voltage capacitor 60 which is connected to a Kerr cell 61.
  • the Kerr cell lies in the path of a light beam which is directed at the cell 61 through a window 63 in the flange 6.
  • the light beam originates from a light source 62 disposed outside the ring-shaped cavity 5.
  • the light exits through another window 64 in the flange 8 and falls onto an optical transducer 65. Therein the light is converted into a voltage corresponding to the voltage between the inner conductor 1 and the metal encapsulation of the high-voltage switch-gear 2.
  • the embodiment of FIG. 5 is modified so that all components required for voltage measurement are accommodated within the ring-shaped cavity 5.
  • the cavity includes a light source 73, reflectors 72 and 74 and a transducer 75.
  • light from source 73 is reflected by reflector 72 through the Kerr cell 71. Thereafter, it is deflected by another reflector 74, onto the optical transducer 75 which generates the desired electric measurement quantity.
  • This measurement quantity is proportional to the voltage between the inner conductor 1 and the metal encapsulation of the high-voltage switch-gear 2.
  • the voltage between the inner conductor 1 and the metal encapsulation is derived from a transmitter 80 disposed within the ring-shaped cavity 5.
  • the transmitter 80 may be a field plate or a Hall-effect generator which operates in a known manner to obtain an electric measurement quantity which depends on the magnetic field.
  • another transmitter 81 may be disposed in the ring-shaped cavity 5. As shown, this latter transmitter is arranged on the surface of the insulating tube 16 facing the inner conductor 1. It is thus exposed to the electric field between the inner conductor 1 and the conductive coating 17 of the insulating tube 16, and, therefore, can be employed, when appropriately designed, to measure the voltage therebetween.
  • the second transmitter is comprised, advantageously, of a surface field-effect device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformers For Measuring Instruments (AREA)
  • Measuring Instrument Details And Bridges, And Automatic Balancing Devices (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
US06/023,774 1974-02-27 1979-03-26 Measuring transformer for high-voltage switch-gear with metal encapsulation Expired - Lifetime US4354154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2409990A DE2409990C2 (de) 1974-02-27 1974-02-27 Meßwandler für Hochspannungsschaltanlagen mit Metallkapselung
DE2409990 1975-02-25

Related Parent Applications (1)

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US05552939 Continuation 1975-02-25

Publications (1)

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US4354154A true US4354154A (en) 1982-10-12

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US06/023,774 Expired - Lifetime US4354154A (en) 1974-02-27 1979-03-26 Measuring transformer for high-voltage switch-gear with metal encapsulation

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US4354154A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (2) JPS50121740A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH581381A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2409990C2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1499519A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL176615C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (2) SE401963B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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US4580094A (en) * 1982-06-25 1986-04-01 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Active capacitive voltage transformer
US4808910A (en) * 1985-03-14 1989-02-28 Sprecher & Schuh Ag High voltage measurement transformer for suspension from a high voltage switching apparatus
US4810954A (en) * 1986-12-15 1989-03-07 Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. Poynting vector probe for measuring electrical power
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US5946179A (en) * 1997-03-25 1999-08-31 Square D Company Electronically controlled circuit breaker with integrated latch tripping
US5986860A (en) * 1998-02-19 1999-11-16 Square D Company Zone arc fault detection
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US6242993B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2001-06-05 Square D Company Apparatus for use in arcing fault detection systems
US6246556B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2001-06-12 Square D Company Electrical fault detection system
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US6275044B1 (en) 1998-07-15 2001-08-14 Square D Company Arcing fault detection system
US6313641B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2001-11-06 Square D Company Method and system for detecting arcing faults and testing such system
US6313642B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2001-11-06 Square D Company Apparatus and method for testing an arcing fault detection system
US6377427B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2002-04-23 Square D Company Arc fault protected electrical receptacle
US6452767B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2002-09-17 Square D Company Arcing fault detection system for a secondary line of a current transformer
US6477021B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2002-11-05 Square D Company Blocking/inhibiting operation in an arc fault detection system
US6532424B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2003-03-11 Square D Company Electrical fault detection circuit with dual-mode power supply
US6567250B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2003-05-20 Square D Company Arc fault protected device
US6621669B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2003-09-16 Square D Company Arc fault receptacle with a feed-through connection
US6625550B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2003-09-23 Square D Company Arc fault detection for aircraft
US6963195B1 (en) * 1997-08-15 2005-11-08 General Electric Company Apparatus for sensing current
US7068480B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2006-06-27 Square D Company Arc detection using load recognition, harmonic content and broadband noise
US7136265B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2006-11-14 Square D Company Load recognition and series arc detection using bandpass filter signatures
US7151656B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2006-12-19 Square D Company Arc fault circuit interrupter system
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US7253637B2 (en) 2005-09-13 2007-08-07 Square D Company Arc fault circuit interrupter system
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CH627023A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-03-09 1981-12-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
DE7819223U1 (de) * 1978-06-27 1978-10-19 Licentia Patent-Verwaltungs-Gmbh, 6000 Frankfurt Hochspannungsschalter oder -schaltanlage
US4413230A (en) * 1978-07-11 1983-11-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electric energy meter having a mutual inductance current transducer
DE2909060B2 (de) * 1979-03-08 1981-04-02 Karl Pfisterer Elektrotechnische Spezialartikel Gmbh & Co Kg, 7000 Stuttgart Isolierter Kabelstecker
US4491790A (en) * 1980-02-13 1985-01-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Electric energy meter having a mutual inductance current transducer
DE3531491A1 (de) * 1985-08-30 1987-03-05 Siemens Ag Metallgekapselte, druckgasisolierte hochspannungsschaltanlage mit einem messwandler
DE102005003870A1 (de) * 2005-01-21 2006-08-03 Siemens Ag Gehäusebaugruppe eines von einer elektrischen Isolation umgebenen Leiterzuges
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Cited By (41)

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US4808910A (en) * 1985-03-14 1989-02-28 Sprecher & Schuh Ag High voltage measurement transformer for suspension from a high voltage switching apparatus
US4810954A (en) * 1986-12-15 1989-03-07 Canadian Patents & Development Ltd. Poynting vector probe for measuring electrical power
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US5467013A (en) * 1993-12-07 1995-11-14 Sematech, Inc. Radio frequency monitor for semiconductor process control
US5472561A (en) * 1993-12-07 1995-12-05 Sematech, Inc. Radio frequency monitor for semiconductor process control
US6591482B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2003-07-15 Square D Company Assembly methods for miniature circuit breakers with electronics
US6195241B1 (en) 1995-03-13 2001-02-27 Squares D Company Arcing fault detection system
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US5811582A (en) * 1996-03-13 1998-09-22 Gruenenthal Gmbh Dimethyl-(3-aryl-but-3-enyl)-amine compounds as pharmaceutical active ingredients
US5939876A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-08-17 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Measuring device for a metal-enclosed, gas-insulated high-voltage installation
US5917316A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-06-29 Asea Brown Boveri Ag Measuring device for a metal-enclosed, gas-insulated high-voltage installation
US5834940A (en) * 1996-09-24 1998-11-10 Brooks; Stanley J. Arcing fault detector testing and demonstration system
US6034611A (en) * 1997-02-04 2000-03-07 Square D Company Electrical isolation device
US5825598A (en) * 1997-02-11 1998-10-20 Square D Company Arcing fault detection system installed in a panelboard
US5847913A (en) * 1997-02-21 1998-12-08 Square D Company Trip indicators for circuit protection devices
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US6963195B1 (en) * 1997-08-15 2005-11-08 General Electric Company Apparatus for sensing current
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US6259996B1 (en) 1998-02-19 2001-07-10 Square D Company Arc fault detection system
US6275044B1 (en) 1998-07-15 2001-08-14 Square D Company Arcing fault detection system
US7068480B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2006-06-27 Square D Company Arc detection using load recognition, harmonic content and broadband noise
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US7151656B2 (en) 2001-10-17 2006-12-19 Square D Company Arc fault circuit interrupter system
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US20080088299A1 (en) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Gregory Robert Wolfe Attachment device and method for fastening electrical cable monitoring instruments to electrical cables
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL176615B (nl) 1984-12-03
GB1499519A (en) 1978-02-01
NL176615C (nl) 1985-05-01
SE401963B (sv) 1978-06-05
SE416352B (sv) 1980-12-15
JPS55167636U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1980-12-02
CH581381A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-29
DE2409990C2 (de) 1982-11-25
NL7501382A (nl) 1975-08-29
DE2409990A1 (de) 1975-09-04
JPS6035224Y2 (ja) 1985-10-19
JPS50121740A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-09-23
SE7501776L (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-08-28
SE7708430L (sv) 1977-07-21

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