Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
  • G03C1/85—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antistatic additives or coatings
  • G03C1/89—Macromolecular substances therefor
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
  • Y10S430/162—Protective or antiabrasion layer

Definitions

• This invention relates to silver halide light-sensitive materials, and, more particularly, to silver halide photographic light-sensitive materials wherein static buildup is reduced and the components thereof are transferred in only negligible small amounts to a transport roll or a fluorescent intensifying screen for X-ray photography (hereinafter referred to simply as a "screen").
• Static buildup on photographic sensitive materials has long annoyed the photographic industry.
• Static electricity may be generated during the manufacture and use of photosensitive materials when they are wound on rolls, rewound therefrom, transported on rollers or when they contact other objects in transit.
• Generation and accumulation of static charges is a product of, for example, the electric conductivity and triboelectric characteristics of the photographic material, moisture, the properties of the contacted object, and the atmosphere in which the contact occurs.
• Accumulated static electricity sometimes discharges to cause irregular fogging of the photosensitive material. This is so deleterious to the material that it may even completely lose its commercial value. For instance, an X-ray film, even if it experiences the slightest fogging, not only fails to achieve the intended purpose but may result in an inaccurate diagnosis.
• antistatic agents or antistatic layers have various serious defects that make them less than totally suitable for use as a component of a photographic sensitive material. For example, due to insufficient antistatic properties, they may be unable to prevent fogging from occurring in a high-sensitivity photographic material; or, the antistatic layer may dissolve in a developing bath to form scum; or, the layer or the photographic material that contains it may be so low in strength that it becomes less abrasion-resistant and durable to the extent that it is no longer of value as a commercial product or may create problems in the production thereof.
• the compound be incorporated in a photographic light-sensitive material in a greater amount that when it is used for other purposes, (for example, as a coating aid, emulsifying agent, or sensitizing agent). This is presumably because an antistat must form a continuous layer in order to remain electrically conductive in a photographic layer.
• an antistat must form a continuous layer in order to remain electrically conductive in a photographic layer.
• the antistat is used in a great amount, much of it remains on the surface of a photosensitive material, causing various problems in the preparation or use of the photosensitive material, since it may be transferred to transport rollers, a camera or screen that contact the surface of the material.
• an antistat transferred to a transport roll may stain the roll, and the stain may be deposited on a film that subsequently passes between the rolls. If the antistat is transferred to a screen, the characteristics of the screen may be changed, or a stain or blur may be formed on the X-rayed photographic material. This not only impairs the product quality but may result in an inaccurate diagnosis.
• the compound of the formula (I) can be represented by ##STR6## wherein A is ##STR7## or a chemical bond; R is a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms when A is a chemical bond, and a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms when A is ##STR8##
• R 5 is hydrogen, a methyl group or an ethyl group; B is --COO.sup. ⁇ or --SO 3 .sup. ⁇ ;
• R 1 and R 2 are each an alkyl group or hydroxyalkyl group having from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a polyalkylene oxide chain group; R 3 and R 4 are each hydrogen, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n is an integer of from 2 to 8; and x is 0 or 1.
• the compound of the formula (II) can be represented by ##STR9## wherein A, B, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 and x can have the same meanings as defined for the formula (I) above (but they are not required to be exactly the same as for the formula (I) in each particular case); Rf is a perfluoroalkyl group having from 8 to 22 carbon atoms when A is a chemical bond, and a perfluoroalkyl group having from 7 to 21 carbon atoms when A is ##STR10## a perfluoroalkyl group as defined in this invention includes a group having hydrogen substituted at the ⁇ -position (see, Compounds (II)-8 and (II)-9 described hereinafter).
• film-forming water-soluble polymer derived from a monomer including a carboxylic acid group hereunder referred to as a "polymer acid”
• polymer acid a monomer including a carboxylic acid group
• homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl monomers including a carboxyl group are used with advantage.
• Illustrative preferred polymer acids are those derived from vinyl monomers including a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride (including maleic acid, half esters, half amides, and other derivatives thereof), cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, p-carboxystyrene, and vinyl- ⁇ -carboxymethyl ether.
• a carboxyl group such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic anhydride (including maleic acid, half esters, half amides, and other derivatives thereof), cinnamic acid, crotonic acid, citraconic acid, p-carboxystyrene, and vinyl- ⁇ -carboxymethyl ether.
• Illustrative monomers copolymerizable with the vinyl monomers including a carboxyl group include ethylenic unsaturated monomers such as ethylene, vinyl acetate, styrene, alkyl vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, acrylate esters (such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate), methacrylate esters (such as ethyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate and phenyl methacrylate), acrylamide derivatives such as acrylamide acryloyl morpholine, methacrylamide and their derivatives, and vinylpyrrolidine.
• ethylenic unsaturated monomers such as ethylene, vinyl acetate, styrene, alkyl vinyl ethers such as methyl vinyl ether, acrylate esters (such as ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate and phenyl acrylate), methacrylate esters
• the vinyl monomers may be copolymerized with monomers having a hydroxyl group such as hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl acrylate, or monomers having a functional group such as chloromethylstyrene, acetoacetoxyethyl methacrylate and glycidyl acrylate.
• the carboxylic acid polymer used in this invention is required to have a molecular weight sufficient to provide a strong cross-linked film.
• the molecular weight differs from polymer to polymer, but it is generally within the range of from about 5,000 to 500,000, and preferably from about 10,000 to 200,000.
• Carboxylic acid polymers that can be used with advantage in this invention include the following repeating unit(s): ##STR11## wherein R is hydrogen or a methyl group, and R 1 is hydrogen or an alkyl group having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
• the polymer acid is preferably at least partially neutralized with an alkali.
• the alkali used is an inorganic or organic base of alkaline earth metals or alkali metals, and preferably it is sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide.
• a preferred degree of neutralization is such that at least 50 mol% of the carboxylic acid group is neutralized, and the pH is between 5.0 and 7.5.
• the polymer acid is used in this invention in an amount from about 50 mg/m 2 to 5 g/m, and preferably from 100 mg/m 2 to 1 g/m 2 .
• A is preferably ##STR13## (wherein R 5 is preferably hydrogen), B is preferably --COO.sup. ⁇ , R 1 and R 2 are each preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a hydroxyalkyl group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a polyethylene oxide chain group, R 3 and R 4 are each preferably hydrogen or a methyl group, and n is preferably an integer of from 2 to 4.
• the compound of the formula (I) is generally used in an amount of from about 5 to 500 mg/m 2 , and preferably from 10 to 200 mg/m 2 .
• A is preferably ##STR15## (wherein R 5 is preferably hydrogen), B is preferably --COO.sup. ⁇ , R 1 and R 2 are each preferably an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R 3 and R 4 are each preferably hydrogen, and n is preferably an integer of from 2 to 4.
• the compounds of the formula (II) can be prepared in a manner similar to the synthesis of the compounds of the formula (II).
• the compound of the formula (II) is generally used in this invention in an amount from about 0.5 to 50 mg/m 2 , and preferably from 1 to 30 mg/m 2 .
• This invention is characterized by using the polymer acid, the compound of the formula (I) and the compound of the formula (II) in combination.
• the weight ratio of the compound of the formula (II) to the compound of the formula (I) to the polymer acid is 1:3 to 150:10 to 1,000, and preferably 1:10 to 50:30 to 300.
• the three components are preferably incorporated together in the surface protective layer, backing layer or interlayer, and incorporation in the surface protective layer is particularly preferred.
• the surface protective layer or backing layer is composed of two layers, the three components may be incorporated together in the outermost layer.
• the compound of the formula (I) and the compound of the formula (II) may be incorporated in the outermost layer, and the polymer acid may be incorporated in an adjacent layer.
• the three components of this invention may not be incorporated in the same one layer.
• the compound of the formula (I) and the compound of the formula (II) may be incorporated in the outermost layer, and the polymer acid may be incorporated in an adjacent layer.
• the compound of the formula (II) may be incorporated in the outermost layer, and the polymer acid and the compound of the formula (II) may be incorporated in an adjacent layer.
• the three components are preferably incorporated together in the same one layer, most preferably in the outermost layer.
• Layers to which three components of this invention are added preferably contain gelatin. Any conventional type gelatin can be used, i.e., alkali-treated gelatin, acid-treated gelatin and enzyme-treated gelatin, and acid-treated gelatin is preferred.
• the layer contains from about 10 to 90 wt%, and preferably from 20 to 70 wt%, of gelatin.
• the layers to which the three components of this invention are added may also contain a matting agent, a lubricant, a colloidal silica, a gel cross-linking agent, a carboxylic acid activating type condensing agent and a surfactant.
• a matting agent is beads (about 0.1 to 10 microns in size), of silica (silicon dioxide), polymethyl methacrylate, barium sulfate, titanium dioxide, polyolefin, etc.
• Illustrative surfactants include nonionic surfactants such as saponin (steroid type), alkylene oxide derivatives (such as polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol/polypropylene glycol condensate, polyethylene glycol alkyl or alkylaryl ether, polyethylene glycol ester, polyethylene glycol sorbitan ester, polyalkylene glycol alkylamine or amide, and silicone/polyethylene oxide adduct), glycidol derivatives (such as alkenylsuccinic acid polyglyceride and alkylphenol polyglyceride), aliphatic acid esters of polyols, and alkyl esters, urethanes and ethers of saccharides; anionic surfactants containing acidic groups such as a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, a phospho group, a sulfate ester group and a phosphate ester group, such as triterpenoidsaponin, alkyl carboxylate
• Colloidal silica is commercially available, for instance, as Ludox AM (manufactured by E.I. Du Pont) or SNOW Tex O (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.).
• a carboxylic acid activating condensing agent may also be incorporated to act upon the polymer acid to thereby improve the physical strength of the layer. That is, the carboxylic acid activating condensing agent is preferably incorporated in a layer containing the polymer acid, but may be incorporated in an adjacent layer.
• Illustrative carboxylic acid activating condensing agents include N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium-3'-sulfonate known as Woorword's Reagent K, N-tert-butyl-5-methylisoxazolium perchlorate known as Woodward's Reagent L, isooxazolium salts as described in Japanese Patent Publication No. 30069/69, U.S. Pat. Nos.
• N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide known as DCC water-soluble 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride, carbodiimides as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,619,236 and Japanese Patent Publication No. 38715/71, dihydroquinoline-N-carboxylic acid esters, carbamoylpyridinium salts, carbamoyloxypyridinium salts and 6-chloro-1-p-chlorobenzenesulfonyloxybenztriazole.
• a layer containing the components of this invention can be formed by any conventional technique for coating an aqueous coating composition, such as dip coating, air-knife coating, curtain coating, spray hopper coating, and extrusion coating with a slide hopper.
• the photosensitive material of this invention is very effective in controlling static buildup as compared with antistatic photographic light-sensitive materials proposed previously and, in addition, no component in the material is transferred, due to contact, onto a transport roller, a camera, or screen. This advantage is particularly great when a high-sensitivity material such as a color negative film or X-ray film constitutes the photosensitive material of this invention.
• Suitable supports for these photographic materials include cellulose acetate, cellulose nitrate, polyvinyl acetal, polycarbonate, polyester (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate), polystyrene, and baryta paper as well as photographic paper coated with polystyrene, cellulose acetate, polyester and polyolefin.
• a hydrophilic colloid is generally selected as a binder. Typical examples of the colloid include protein such as gelatin and its derivatives, cellulose derivatives, starch, saccharides, including polysaccharides such as dextran, vegetable rubber, and synthetic polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylamide and polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• the photographic sensitive material of this invention may further contain conventional additives such as an anti-foggant, photographic stabilizer, sensitizer, developer additives, curing agent, plasticizer, surfactant, color coupler and polymer latex.
• additives such as an anti-foggant, photographic stabilizer, sensitizer, developer additives, curing agent, plasticizer, surfactant, color coupler and polymer latex.
• Samples (1) through (8) each comprising the combination, in the order written, of a protective layer, emulsion layer, polyethylene terephthalate film base, emulsion layer and a protective layer were prepared by the conventional method of coating and drying.
• the basic formulations of the protective and emulsion layers were as follows:
• Silver halide 1.5 mol% of AgI + 98.5 mol% of AgBr
• Hardener 0.8 g of chrome alum per 100 g of binder
• Fog restrainer 0.5 g of 1-phenyl-5-mercaptotetrazole per 100 g of Ag
• Hardener 0.4 g of sodium 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 20 mg/m 2 of sodium 4-(p-nonylphenoxy) butanesulfonate
• Matting agent 25 mg/m 2 of polymethyl methacrylate (average particle size: 5 ⁇ )
• Sample (1) used an emulsion layer and a protective layer identical with the above-indicated formulations.
• Samples (2) through (8) were the same as Sample (1) except that they used a protective layer containing Polymer-1, and Compounds (I)-1 and (II)-1 (wherein 60 mol% of the carboxylic acid group of Polymer-1 was neutralized with sodium hydroxide) in the amounts indicated in Table 1 below.
• Table 1 Each sample was evaluated for the control of static buildup, the degree of deterioration of the screen, and the amount of transfer to a roller. Each factor was evaluated by the method set forth below. The results are shown in Table 1.
• a sample piece was moisture-conditioned for one day at 25° C. and 25% RH, passed through an AOT (product of Siemens Elema) with LT-II (a screen produced by Dai Nippon Toryo Co., Ltd.) under the same conditions, and developed to check for the formation of static marks.
• AOT product of Siemens Elema
• LT-II a screen produced by Dai Nippon Toryo Co., Ltd.
• a sample piece and LT-II (a screen produced by Dai Nippon Toryo C., Ltd.) were moisture-conditioned for one day at 30° C. and 80% RH, and a hundred pieces were passed through a cassette with LT-II under the same conditions, and X-rayed to check for the presence of any strain or blur.
• a sample piece was set on a web handling apparatus comprising a drive means for rubber rollers (10 cm in diameter) and ten chrome-plated rollers and transported under a tension of 5 kg at 50 m/min for 30 minutes at ordinary temperature and humidity. The presence of dust or dirt on the rollers was checked.
• Sample (11) was prepared in the same manner as used in preparing Sample (1) in Example 1.
• Samples (12) through (18) were the same as Sample (11) except that they used a protective layer that contained Polymer-4, Compounds (I)-3, and (II)-3 (wherein 80 mol% of the carboxylic acid group of Polymer-4 was neutralized with KOH), were used in the amounts indicated in Table 2 below. These samples were evaluated for their efficiency in control of static building and degree of screen deterioration in the same manner as described previously. The results are set forth in Table 2.
• the optimum range of the content of the three compounds of this invention is as follows: from 50 to 5,000 mg/m 2 for the polymer acid, from 5 to 500 mg/m 2 for the compound of the formula (I), and from 0.5 to 50 mg/m 2 for the compound of the formula (II).
• Samples (21) through (24), each comprising a triacetyl cellulose film base a first side of which was coated with, in the order stated, a backing layer and a protective layer for the backing layer, and, on the second side of which was coated with, in the order stated, an antihalation layer, a red-sensitive layer, an interlayer, a green-sensitive layer, a yellow filter layer, a blue-sensitive layer, and a protective layer, were prepared according to a conventional coating and drying method.
• the basic formulations of the respective layers were as follows:
• Hardener 0.6 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Matting agent 20 mg/m 2 of polymethyl methacrylate (average particle size: 2.5 ⁇ )
• Hardener 1.2 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Binder 4.4 g/m 2 gelatin
• Hardener 5 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)-ether per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 4 mg/m 2 of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• Effective component 0.4 g/m 2 of black colloidal silver
• Hardener 0.7 g of sodium 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine per 100 g of binder+2 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 10 mg/m 2 of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• Silver halide 2 mol% of AgI+98 mol% of AgBr
• Fog restrainer 0.9 g of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetrazaindene per 100 g of Ag
• Coupler 38 g of 1-hydroxy-4-(2-acetylphenyl)azo-N-[4-(2,4-di-tert-amylphenoxy)butyl]-2-naphthamide per 100 g of Ag
• Sensitizing dye 0.3 g of pyridinium salt of anhydro-5,5'-dichloro-9-ethyl-3,3'-di(3-sulfopropyl)thiacarboxyanine hydroxide per 100 g of Ag
• Hardener 6 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 12 mg/m 2 of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• Hardener 0.7 g of sodium 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine per 100 g of binder+2 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 9 mg/m 2 of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• Silver halide 3.3 mol% of AgI+96.7 mol% of AgBr
• Stabilizer 0.6 g of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetrazaindene per 100 g of Ag
• Coupler 37 g of 1-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)-3- ⁇ 3-[(2,4-di-tert-amylphenoxy)acetamido]benzamido ⁇ -4-(4-methoxyphenyl)azo-5-pyrazolone per 100 g of Ag
• Sensitizing dye 0.3 g of pyridinium salt of anhydro-5,5'-diphenyl-9-ethyl-3,3'-di(2-sulfoethyl)oxacarbocyanine hydroxide per 100 g of Ag
• Filter component 0.7 g/m 2 of yellow colloidal silver
• Hardener 5 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Surfactant 7 mg/m 2 of sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)-2-sulfonatosuccinate
• Hardener 0.7 g of sodium 2-hydroxy-4,6-dichloro-s-triazine per 100 g of binder+2 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 8 mg/m 2 of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate
• Silver halide 3.3 mol% of AgI+96.7 mol% of AgBr
• Stabilizer 0.4 g of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-1,3,3a,7-tetrazaindene per 100 g of Ag
• Coupler 45 g of 2'-chloro-5'-[2-(2,4-di-tertamylphenoxy)butyramido]- ⁇ -(5,5'-dimethyl-2,4-dioxo-3-oxazolidinyl)- ⁇ -(4-methoxybenzoyl) acetanilide per 100 g of Ag
• Binder 2 g/m 2 of gelatin+0.3 g/m 2 of a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer (1:1) having an average molecular weight of about 100,000
• Hardener 5 g of bis(vinylsulfonylmethyl)ether per 100 g of binder
• Coating aid 5 g/m 2 of sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate
• Matting agent 500 mg/m 2 of silver halide matting agent (average particle size: 2 ⁇ ) as AgBr
• Sample (21) used only these layers.
• Sample (22) was identical with Sample (21), except that it used a backing layer containing the Polymer-2 (350 mg/m 2 ), Compound (I)-6 (75 mg/m 2 ), and Compound (II)-5 (5 mg/m 2 ), where Polymer-2 was neutralized to a pH of 7.0 with sodium hydroxide.
• Sample (23) was identical with Sample (21), except that it used a backing layer containing 250 mg/m 2 of Polymer-19, 3 mg/m 2 of ##STR18## 50 mg/m 2 of Compound (I)-3 and 10 mg/m 2 of Compound (II)-8, where Polymer-19 was neutralized to a pH of 6.5 with sodium hydroxide.
• Sample (24) was identical with Sample (21), except that it used a backing layer containing 400 mg/m 2 of Polymer-1, 100 mg/m 2 of Compound (I)-14 and 5 mg/m 2 of Compound (II)-2, where Polymer-1 was neutralized with potassium hydroxide to a pH of 6.5.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
• Laminated Bodies (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)

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• 1979
  • 1979-09-19 JP JP54120438A patent/JPS5938573B2/ja not_active Expired
• 1980
  • 1980-09-12 GB GB8029590A patent/GB2060922B/en not_active Expired
  • 1980-09-17 DE DE19803035065 patent/DE3035065A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1980-09-18 FR FR8020076A patent/FR2466038A1/fr active Granted
  • 1980-09-19 US US06/188,783 patent/US4304852A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

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