US4205045A - Radial-flow reactor with heatable catalyst filling - Google Patents

Radial-flow reactor with heatable catalyst filling Download PDF

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Publication number
US4205045A
US4205045A US05/888,746 US88874678A US4205045A US 4205045 A US4205045 A US 4205045A US 88874678 A US88874678 A US 88874678A US 4205045 A US4205045 A US 4205045A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
reactor
housing
base plate
chamber
heating elements
Prior art date
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/888,746
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English (en)
Inventor
Helmut Westernacher
Peter Schimpff
Ferdinand Botthof
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Huels AG
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Huels AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
    • B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
    • B01J8/0285—Heating or cooling the reactor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00389—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements
    • B01J2208/00398—Controlling the temperature using electric heating or cooling elements inside the reactor bed
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
    • B01J2208/00008—Controlling the process
    • B01J2208/00017—Controlling the temperature
    • B01J2208/00477—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means
    • B01J2208/00495—Controlling the temperature by thermal insulation means using insulating materials or refractories

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a radial-flow reactor, especially for the conductance of endothermic, catalytic reactions, with a centrally arranged, first passage or duct and a catalyst bed disposed around the duct, preferably consisting of a pourable catalyst, and with at least one further passage or duct arranged on the outer rim of the catalyst bed.
  • DAS German Published Application] 1,593,372 proposes to conduct the catalytic dehydrogenation of, inter alia, alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons to vinyl-substituted aromatic hydrocarbons in a radial-flow reactor.
  • the heat required for the reaction is fed to the radial-flow reactor by means of superheated steam, wherein steam and, for example, ethylbenzene, are introduced in a ratio of 2:1.
  • This type of energy supply is frequently found to be too inaccurate in the feeding quantities and also too uneconomical, because, on the one hand, the steam transmits its energy in the reactor preferably locally and, on the other hand, the energy is supplied in such quantities that the starting material is partially thermally decomposed and thus is lost to the process.
  • the novel reactor is to have the capability of being traversed in the horizontal as well as vertical directions.
  • heating elements are embedded in the catalyst bed, these elements being fashioned as straight heating tubes or rods projecting with one free end into a reactor chamber containing the catalyst bed and being attached with their other ends to base plates, wherein the base plates constitute parts of a wall of the reactor chamber.
  • the base plates are joined to the body or frame structure of the reactor, preferably in a detachable fashion, for example by screws, to effect the exchange, i.e. replacement, of the heating tubes and of the catalyst charge in a simple manner.
  • the base plates can be arranged on the sidewalls, but preferably are disposed on the floor of a cylindrical radial-flow reactor. The flow of the product stream should be effected at right angles to the heating tubes.
  • the arrangement of the straight heating tubes on a base plate detachably joined to the reactor structure permits, during an exchange of the catalyst, a simple, rapid, and economical removal of the consumed catalyst mass by pulling out the bundle of heating tubes connected to the base plate.
  • the base plate is detached on the underside from the reactor structure, lowered with the aid of the fork of a forklift truck, and the catalyst material can thus fall out or flows out from between the heating rod bundles simply by turning the plate.
  • the special suggestion is advanced to place the reactor with one plane side on a supporting framework and to provide the reactor at its underside with the detachable base plates which are located above an insulating layer that may be present and which are joined to the reactor structure, for example, by a welding seam or seams.
  • the heating elements will consist essentially of cylindrical ceramic tubes in which are inserted conventional, electrically heatable metal coils.
  • the electrical heating feature makes it possible to effect a control of the heating power and the heat distribution within the heating tube bundles in a simple manner.
  • the heating elements are electrically combined into subgroups and main groups; the energy supply can be controlled as required either separately and/or for all groups together. It is possible in this way to set any desired temperature profile within the reactor.
  • the special suggestion is made to arrange the individual sections, in case of a cylindrical reactor, concentrically around the central inlet passage or duct and thereby to form individual, annular zones which can be heated separately.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a reactor according to the invention in a partial cross-sectional view and in a partial lateral view along different parting planes;
  • FIG. 2 shows further details of the structure of the reactor housing
  • FIG. 3 shows a top view along a sectional plane according to line III--III in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 shows the arrangement of the heating elements on a base plate
  • FIG. 5 shows a perspective view of a heating element.
  • FIG. 1 shows a radial-flow reactor, indicated generally at 1, in a schematic view.
  • the reactor in principle, has a cylindrical structure. It is, of course, also possible to provide a different design for the reactor, for example, an elliptical or quadrangular configuration.
  • the reactor is set up vertically on a framework 30 spreading out into a supporting surface consisting of beams 31 arranged in a star-shaped design.
  • the beams 31 can be supported by further stabilizing vertical beams, but it is also possible to provide straps on a reactor wall of the reactor structure by means of which the reactor can be inserted in a supporting construction 32 that surrounds the reactor.
  • the reactant stream is introduced through a centrally arranged, first inlet passage or duct 2 and, after the reaction within the chamber 11, the gas is discharged to the outside through a collective ring-shaped, i.e. annular passage, or duct 3.
  • the reactor comprises an external pressure reactor housing 4 made of an appropriate nickel-steel alloy. As indicated in FIG. 1, an insulating layer 5 is additionally placed around the reactor, taking care of thermal insulation.
  • a portion of the bottom of the reactor is formed from a plurality of separable base plates 9 studded with numerous heating rods 7, 8, extending in the upward direction vertically from each base plate 9.
  • the plates 9 are located above an insulating layer 5 and in parallel to the bottom side of the reactor 1.
  • the reactor chamber 11 is filled with a pourable, particulate, catalyst material.
  • Suitable catalyst materials are, in particular, especially prepared, self-regenerating catalysts having an iron oxide basis, for example, Shell Catalyst 105 (composition: approximately 85% Fe 2 O 3 , 2% Cr 2 O 3 , 12% KOH, 1% NaOH).
  • the plates, as shown in FIG. 3, are secured to each other and to a base plate supporting means 10 in a gas-tight manner to provide a continuous floor surface for supporting the pourable, particulate, catalyst material.
  • FIG. 2 furthermore shows that electrical junction boxes 33 are arranged underneath the base plates and the lower insulating layer. These junction boxes are adapted in their contour, i.e. configuration, to the associated base plates. The boxes are supplied with energy via individual current leads 17. Each of the individual junction boxes 33 can thus be actuated separately. Therefore, several heating zones (9', 9", 9''') can be established by means of the junction boxes, which can be heated to different temperatures via a central control means (not shown).
  • the heating elements are heating tubes as illustrated in FIG. 5.
  • the elements each consist of a massive, cylindrical ceramic tube 15 in which are inserted conventional, electrically heatable units, such as metal coils and/or electric conductors protected by additional ceramic pipes (not shown).
  • the electrical terminals 17 can be seen at the outlet points.
  • the ceramic tube can be sealed at one or each of its free end faces 18 with ceramic endpieces.
  • a suitable material for such tubes is, for example, a ceramic substance commercially available under the name of "Pythagoras".
  • the tube is furthermore surrounded by a metal sleeve 19 made of appropriate corrosion-resistant metal.
  • FIG. 3 shows the inlet in the center of the reactor vessel, in the shape of a perforated pipe, namely the feed passage or duct 2.
  • the individual base plates in each floor section 12 have, for example, the shape of annular sectors 9a, 9b, 9c.
  • the product gas passes through the catalyst bed from the inside toward the outside initially up to a perforated partition 34 made of corrugated sheet metal and through the passages 34' formed by the corrugations to a collecting conduit 3 arranged at the upper rim of the reactor vessel. From there, the product gas passes via the outlet duct 3' into a collector or the like.
  • the wall of the reactor housing is formed laterally by a steel jacket surrounded from the outside by an insulating layer.
  • the heating tubes are arranged so that 25-500, preferably 100-200, heating tubes are installed per square meter of unit area of the base plates.
  • the heating tubes have a length l of 0.5-5 m., preferably 1-3 m. Their diameter d is 1-8 cm., preferably 3-5 cm.
  • the wall thickness of the tubes is 2-3 mm.
  • the tubes project from the base plate to such an extent that the terminals can extend past the insulating layer 5 in the downward direction.
  • the heating tubes as shown in FIG. 4, are mounted at a spacing a from each other of 2-20 cm. (preferably 5-10 cm.), measured in each case from one outer side to the other.
  • the base plates, provided with heating tubes are introduced into the bottom of the reactor vessel through appropriate cutouts and, if desired, are sealingly welded to the remaining floor structure.
  • the base plates are made of heat resisting steel.
  • the heating tubes are secured to the base plate, e.g., by screw means or by flange means.
  • the base plates are secured into the floor portion of the reactor housing by welding or by screw means.
  • the base plates (9a, 9b, 9c), insulation material, heating tubes and the electrical junction box can be removed as a unit.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
US05/888,746 1977-03-22 1978-03-21 Radial-flow reactor with heatable catalyst filling Expired - Lifetime US4205045A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2712371 1977-03-22
DE2712371A DE2712371C2 (de) 1977-03-22 1977-03-22 Radialstromreaktor zur Durchführung von endothermen, katalytischen Reaktionen

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4205045A true US4205045A (en) 1980-05-27

Family

ID=6004245

Family Applications (1)

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US05/888,746 Expired - Lifetime US4205045A (en) 1977-03-22 1978-03-21 Radial-flow reactor with heatable catalyst filling

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4205045A (xx)
BE (1) BE865145A (xx)
DE (1) DE2712371C2 (xx)
FR (1) FR2384539A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1598467A (xx)
IT (1) IT7848496A0 (xx)
NL (1) NL7803052A (xx)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4976929A (en) * 1988-05-20 1990-12-11 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Electrically heated catalytic converter
US20040109794A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-06-10 H2Gen Innovations, Inc. Electrically heated catalyst support plate and method for starting up water gas shift reactors
WO2017148816A1 (en) 2016-02-29 2017-09-08 Total Marketing Services Lubricant for a two-stroke marine engine
WO2021089676A1 (en) 2019-11-07 2021-05-14 Total Marketing Services Lubricant for a marine engine

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280081A (en) * 1939-01-18 1942-04-21 Houdry Process Corp Catalytic converter
US2291762A (en) * 1939-09-21 1942-08-04 Sun Oil Co Catalytic apparatus
US3375319A (en) * 1965-11-22 1968-03-26 Btu Engineering Inc High temperature electrical heating unit
US3497674A (en) * 1967-01-02 1970-02-24 Bayer Ag Process and apparatus for direct electrical heating of gaseous substances
US3507628A (en) * 1967-04-21 1970-04-21 Lummus Co Rigging apparatus
US3538231A (en) * 1969-03-25 1970-11-03 Intern Materials Oxidation resistant high temperature structures
US3685310A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-08-22 Allied Chem Open cycle ammonia refrigeration system including a catalytic ammonia burner
US3796207A (en) * 1971-05-21 1974-03-12 Walbro Corp Catalytic tank heater for engines
US3954422A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multi-stage reformed-gas generator

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE85090C (xx) *
BE355732A (xx) *
BE458809A (xx) * 1944-12-12
US2715671A (en) * 1953-11-10 1955-08-16 Oxy Catalyst Inc Contact element
US3100807A (en) * 1960-02-18 1963-08-13 Monsanto Chemicals Dehydrogenation of alkylated aromatic hydrocarbons
DE1138380B (de) * 1960-10-07 1962-10-25 Degussa Vorrichtung zur katalytischen Entgiftung und Desodorierung von Industrie- und Heizungsabgasen
US3479143A (en) * 1964-07-13 1969-11-18 Girdler Corp Means for conducting endothermic catalytic reactions,including electrical heating means
DE2316466A1 (de) * 1973-04-03 1974-10-24 Tuerk & Hillinger Kg Elektrischer, metallummantelter heizkoerper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280081A (en) * 1939-01-18 1942-04-21 Houdry Process Corp Catalytic converter
US2291762A (en) * 1939-09-21 1942-08-04 Sun Oil Co Catalytic apparatus
US3375319A (en) * 1965-11-22 1968-03-26 Btu Engineering Inc High temperature electrical heating unit
US3497674A (en) * 1967-01-02 1970-02-24 Bayer Ag Process and apparatus for direct electrical heating of gaseous substances
US3507628A (en) * 1967-04-21 1970-04-21 Lummus Co Rigging apparatus
US3538231A (en) * 1969-03-25 1970-11-03 Intern Materials Oxidation resistant high temperature structures
US3685310A (en) * 1970-09-25 1972-08-22 Allied Chem Open cycle ammonia refrigeration system including a catalytic ammonia burner
US3796207A (en) * 1971-05-21 1974-03-12 Walbro Corp Catalytic tank heater for engines
US3954422A (en) * 1973-03-06 1976-05-04 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Multi-stage reformed-gas generator

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4976929A (en) * 1988-05-20 1990-12-11 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Electrically heated catalytic converter
US20040109794A1 (en) * 2002-08-09 2004-06-10 H2Gen Innovations, Inc. Electrically heated catalyst support plate and method for starting up water gas shift reactors
US7347978B2 (en) * 2002-08-09 2008-03-25 H2Gen Innovations, Inc. Electrically heated catalyst support plate and method for starting up water gas shift reactors
WO2017148816A1 (en) 2016-02-29 2017-09-08 Total Marketing Services Lubricant for a two-stroke marine engine
WO2021089676A1 (en) 2019-11-07 2021-05-14 Total Marketing Services Lubricant for a marine engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2384539A1 (fr) 1978-10-20
DE2712371A1 (de) 1978-09-28
GB1598467A (en) 1981-09-23
IT7848496A0 (it) 1978-03-20
BE865145A (fr) 1978-09-21
NL7803052A (nl) 1978-09-26
DE2712371C2 (de) 1983-10-06

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