US4197713A - Process and plant for the recovery of water from humid air - Google Patents

Process and plant for the recovery of water from humid air Download PDF

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Publication number
US4197713A
US4197713A US05/871,841 US87184178A US4197713A US 4197713 A US4197713 A US 4197713A US 87184178 A US87184178 A US 87184178A US 4197713 A US4197713 A US 4197713A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
air
moisture
adsorbing agent
condenser
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US05/871,841
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Bulang
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MAN AG
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MAN Maschinenfabrik Augsburg Nuernberg AG
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/28—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from humid air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
    • B01D53/04—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography with stationary adsorbents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/26—Drying gases or vapours
    • B01D53/261—Drying gases or vapours by adsorption
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F3/1411—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant
    • F24F3/1417—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by absorbing or adsorbing water, e.g. using an hygroscopic desiccant with liquid hygroscopic desiccants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
    • B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
    • B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/40001—Methods relating to additional, e.g. intermediate, treatment of process gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2259/00—Type of treatment
    • B01D2259/40—Further details for adsorption processes and devices
    • B01D2259/401—Further details for adsorption processes and devices using a single bed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F3/00—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems
    • F24F3/12—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling
    • F24F3/14—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification
    • F24F2003/144—Air-conditioning systems in which conditioned primary air is supplied from one or more central stations to distributing units in the rooms or spaces where it may receive secondary treatment; Apparatus specially designed for such systems characterised by the treatment of the air otherwise than by heating and cooling by humidification; by dehumidification by dehumidification only
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a process for the recovery of water from humid air and with a plant for carrying out the process.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a suitable system or plant for carrying out said process, said system or plant making use of a highly effective adsorbing agent and of a condensing means.
  • the humid air is contacted with an adsorbing agent which is capable of extracting and adsorbing the moisture from the air.
  • the moisture-containing adsorbing agent is then contacted with dry air which recovers and desorbs the moisture from the adsorbing agent.
  • the air containing the moisture desorbed from the adsorbing agent is supplied to a condensing means in which heat is extracted from the humid air so that the water vapor contained therein is condensed. Finally the water formed by condensation of the water vapor is collected.
  • the air contacted with the adsorbing agent loses and transfers a portion of its moisture content to the adsorbing agent with a change of state which is nearly isenthalpic and with a simultaneous rise in temperature.
  • the entropy formed by mixing the dry air and the moisture is removed from the resulting humid air in the condenser.
  • the desorption step proceeds in a nearly isenthalpic manner while the air temperature decreases with increasing absolute and relative humidity.
  • the heat withdrawn from the humid air in the condenser is supplied to the dry air before the dry air is brought into contact with the adsorbing agent.
  • the dry air is heated to a temperature between about 50° C. to 60° C. so that its power of absorption or receptivity for the moisture contained in the adsorbing agent is considerably increased.
  • the air cooled in the condenser is utilized for precooling the air entering the condenser. Due to such precooling of said air its enthalpy is decreased so that the temperature of the air is lowered and/or the water vapor contained in the air condenses.
  • the humid air prior to contacting the adsorbing agent, is cooled to such a temperature that its relative humidity corresponds approximately to the saturation value.
  • the humid air is derived during the night-time from those layers of air which are close to the ground and are saturated with water vapor.
  • Such humid night-time air is conducted into the adsorbing agent while the withdrawal of the moisture from the adsorbing agent is effected during the day-time.
  • a highly effective system or plant for carrying out the process of the present invention comprising an air heater, at least one adsorber, a heat exchanger, a condenser, a heat pump, and a pipe line system which interconnects the air heater with the adsorber, the adsorber with the heat exchanger, the heat exchanger with the condenser, the condenser with the heat pump, and the heat pump with the air heater.
  • Particularly useful adsorbing agents are specific types of silica gel which have wide pores and a low heat of wetting, and which are capable of desorbing or giving off the adsorbed water to a large extent at a temperature of about 30° C. or even lower.
  • silica gel which have wide pores and a low heat of wetting, and which are capable of desorbing or giving off the adsorbed water to a large extent at a temperature of about 30° C. or even lower.
  • an adsorption of water in the adsorber up to 75 g./100 g. of gel can be achieved if the relative humidity in the adsorber does not substantially decrease below 50-60%.
  • the system or plant advantageously comprises at least two adsorbers which enable a combination of at least two cycles of operation by alternately charging and regenerating the two adsorbers, i.e. by charging and regenerating one adsorber simultaneously with regenerating and charging the other adsorber.
  • excess heat is expediently dissipated into the sea the temperature of which is generally lower than that of the air.
  • a multiple stage heat pump is employed.
  • the heat pump is driven by a motor or is an adsorber pump operated by solar energy.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically a system or plant for carrying out the process of recovering water according to the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates by means of an enthalpy-entropygraph the thermodynamic change of state of the air flowing through the system or plant as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the system or plant for carrying out the process of recovering water from the atmosphere according to the present invention comprises an air heater 1 which is connected via fan 2 to an adsorber 3 containing silica gel as adsorbing agent.
  • Adsorber 3 is connected to a first inlet of counterflow heat exchanger 4, the second inlet and the first outlet of which are connected with condenser 5 and the second outlet of which leads to the open air.
  • Condenser 5 is connected to heat pump 6. It has an outlet for the water obtained on condensation.
  • Heat pump 6 has a motor drive W which is represented by a dotted arrow and is connected to air heater 1.
  • humid air L1 flows through adsorber 3 in which the adsorbing agent withdraws the moisture from the air L1 and adsorbs it.
  • the humid air flowing through adsorber 3 was already cooled before entering said adsorber 3 by contacting the ground cooled by the nightly radiation of heat.
  • fan 2 delivers hot air from air heater 1 to adsorber 3.
  • the hot air withdraws the moisture from the adsrobing agent and adsorbs it.
  • the moisture-charged air L1b is then conducted into counterflow heat exchanger 4 in which it gives off heat to the cool air emanating from condenser 5 and flowing thereafter into the open through outlet L2b.
  • the thus precooled air L2a is conducted into condenser 5 in which heat Q1 is extracted from it by heat pump 6 so that the water vapor contained in the air is condensed. The resulting drops of water precipitate on the condenser walls and are collected. The water may be recovered from the condenser via the outlet L2d, shown by the dash-dotted arrow.
  • the air L2 cooled in condenser 5 flows back into heat exchanger 4 in which it is utilized for precooling the moist air L1b passing through adsorber 3.
  • the heat indicated by Q2 as it is given off by heat pump 6 is supplied to air heater 1 and is utilized therein for heating the air L2b flowing through said air heater 1.
  • the air L2b flowing through said air heater 1 is drawn from the atmosphere.
  • a cooling means 10 In between the fan 2 and adsorber 3 may be positioned a cooling means 10 wherein the moist air is cooled such that its relative humidity approximates the saturation value.
  • FIG. 2 shows the total change of state of the air flowing from air heater 1 to condenser 5.
  • the enthalpy values H and the entropy values S are plotted respectively along the ordinate and the abscissa of the graph.
  • the sections of the curve marked with numerals represent the change of state of the air in the various units 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 of the system or plant. Said numerals are identical with the numerals of the units of the system or plant.
  • the changes of state of the air in adsorber 3 do not proceed in a completely isenthalpic manner because heat of wetting is supplied to and extracted from the air in adsorber 3.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
US05/871,841 1977-01-24 1978-01-24 Process and plant for the recovery of water from humid air Expired - Lifetime US4197713A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2702701 1977-01-24
DE2702701A DE2702701C3 (de) 1977-01-24 1977-01-24 Anlage zur Gewinnung von Wasser aus feuchter Luft

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4197713A true US4197713A (en) 1980-04-15

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US05/871,841 Expired - Lifetime US4197713A (en) 1977-01-24 1978-01-24 Process and plant for the recovery of water from humid air

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US4197713A (es)
JP (1) JPS53104573A (es)
AU (1) AU520757B2 (es)
CH (1) CH630979A5 (es)
DE (1) DE2702701C3 (es)
EG (1) EG13118A (es)
ES (1) ES466109A1 (es)
FR (1) FR2377834A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1556842A (es)
IT (1) IT1101877B (es)
OA (1) OA05863A (es)
ZA (1) ZA78163B (es)

Cited By (29)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4635446A (en) * 1981-05-15 1987-01-13 Camp Dresser & Mckee Dehumidification apparatus
US4860548A (en) * 1988-06-13 1989-08-29 Ahlstromforetagen Svenska Ab Air conditioning process and apparatus therefor
US4864830A (en) * 1988-06-13 1989-09-12 Ahlstromforetagen Svenska Ab Air conditioning process and apparatus
US5233843A (en) * 1991-07-01 1993-08-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Atmospheric moisture collection device
US5806323A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-09-15 Bevier; William E. Adsorbent based air conditioning system
WO2000025895A1 (de) * 1998-11-03 2000-05-11 Universität Bremen Verfahren zur abtrennung von kondensierbaren substanzen aus gasen oder gasgemischen
US6134903A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-10-24 Fedders Corporation Portable liquid desiccant dehumidifier
US6336957B1 (en) * 1998-06-17 2002-01-08 Watertech M.A.S. Ltd. Method and apparatus for extracting water from atmospheric air
US6442492B1 (en) 2000-06-22 2002-08-27 Uop Llc Controlling moisture content of vapor in calcination or oxidation zones
US6511525B2 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-01-28 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for extracting water from air using a desiccant
US6684648B2 (en) 2000-07-26 2004-02-03 Fakieh Research & Development Center Apparatus for the production of freshwater from extremely hot and humid air
US6739142B2 (en) 2000-12-04 2004-05-25 Amos Korin Membrane desiccation heat pump
WO2006026494A1 (en) * 2004-08-31 2006-03-09 Aqua Sciences, Inc. System and method for producing water
US20060124440A1 (en) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-15 Pautz Richard S Method and apparatus to produce potable water
US20070007120A1 (en) * 2005-07-11 2007-01-11 Taylor William P Desalinator
US20070028769A1 (en) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-08 Eplee Dustin M Method and apparatus for producing potable water from air including severely arid and hot climates
US20080307802A1 (en) * 2005-12-07 2008-12-18 Adir Segal, Ltd. System and Method for Managing Water Content in a Fluid
US20090072537A1 (en) * 2007-09-14 2009-03-19 Vidmar Robert J System and method for converting moist air into water and power
US20090204224A1 (en) * 2002-10-24 2009-08-13 Biomet Manufacturing Corp. Method And Apparatus For Wrist Arthroplasty
US20090211276A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2009-08-27 Dan Forkosh System and method for managing water content in a fluid
US20090260385A1 (en) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-22 Hill James W Atmospheric water harvesters with variable pre-cooling
US20100013112A1 (en) * 2006-08-25 2010-01-21 Adir Segal, Ltd System and method for managing water content in a fluid
WO2011028199A1 (en) * 2009-09-02 2011-03-10 Marine Desalination Systems, Llc Atmospheric water harvesters with variable pre-cooling
US20110100012A1 (en) * 2009-11-17 2011-05-05 Stallings James R System and method for transmitting thermal energy
US20110108406A1 (en) * 2009-10-13 2011-05-12 Idalex Technologies, Inc. Water distillation method and apparatusfor indirect evaporative coolers
US8627673B2 (en) 2008-03-25 2014-01-14 Water Generating Systems LLC Atmospheric water harvesters
US8943844B2 (en) 2010-11-23 2015-02-03 Ducool Ltd. Desiccant-based air conditioning system
US9777698B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2017-10-03 Daniel Keith Schlak Multiple motor gas turbine engine system with auxiliary gas utilization
CN115848090A (zh) * 2022-11-28 2023-03-28 暨南大学 一种空气调节与空气取水的联合装置

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DE2810241C2 (de) * 1978-03-09 1980-06-04 Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nuernberg Ag, 8000 Muenchen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Wasser aus atmosphärischer Luft
DE3064997D1 (en) * 1979-02-15 1983-11-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp A process for producing liquid water
JPS55109424A (en) * 1979-02-15 1980-08-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Water making apparatus
JPS6014265B2 (ja) * 1979-03-22 1985-04-12 三菱電機株式会社 造水・空調システム
JPS55149629A (en) * 1979-05-09 1980-11-21 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Water making equipment
EP0019143B1 (en) * 1979-05-09 1983-09-07 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Water producing apparatus
JPS585089B2 (ja) * 1979-05-15 1983-01-29 三菱電機株式会社 造水装置
US4344778A (en) * 1979-05-15 1982-08-17 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Water producing apparatus
JPS55152521A (en) * 1979-05-15 1980-11-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Water making device
DE2935697C2 (de) * 1979-09-04 1983-03-17 Mittex AG, 9490 Vaduz Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Wasser aus Luft
JPS56106827U (es) * 1980-01-21 1981-08-19
DE3201390A1 (de) * 1982-01-19 1983-07-28 CEAG Verfahrenstechnik GmbH, 4714 Selm Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung eines im wesentlichen wasserfreien desorbats sowie vorrichtung zum durchfuehren des verfahrens
JPS61212310A (ja) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 除湿装置
JPS61212311A (ja) * 1985-03-19 1986-09-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 除湿装置
DE4430901C1 (de) * 1994-08-31 1996-05-09 Dieter Kronauer Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Wasser aus Luft
US6251172B1 (en) * 1999-07-14 2001-06-26 Fantom Technologies Inc. Portable water recovery and dispensing apparatus
CN103868164B (zh) * 2014-04-02 2016-09-14 长沙四季春环保有限公司 便携式超声波气雾液空气净化器
DE102017109999B4 (de) * 2017-05-09 2018-11-29 Binker Materialschutz Gmbh Verfahren zur Raumentfeuchtung
CN109281353A (zh) * 2018-11-27 2019-01-29 中国人民解放军第四军医大学 一种空气取水的装置及方法
DE102022125636A1 (de) 2022-10-05 2024-04-11 Grohe Ag Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung von Trinkwasser

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Cited By (41)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4635446A (en) * 1981-05-15 1987-01-13 Camp Dresser & Mckee Dehumidification apparatus
US4860548A (en) * 1988-06-13 1989-08-29 Ahlstromforetagen Svenska Ab Air conditioning process and apparatus therefor
US4864830A (en) * 1988-06-13 1989-09-12 Ahlstromforetagen Svenska Ab Air conditioning process and apparatus
US5233843A (en) * 1991-07-01 1993-08-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Atmospheric moisture collection device
US5806323A (en) * 1997-06-16 1998-09-15 Bevier; William E. Adsorbent based air conditioning system
US6134903A (en) * 1997-12-04 2000-10-24 Fedders Corporation Portable liquid desiccant dehumidifier
US6336957B1 (en) * 1998-06-17 2002-01-08 Watertech M.A.S. Ltd. Method and apparatus for extracting water from atmospheric air
WO2000025895A1 (de) * 1998-11-03 2000-05-11 Universität Bremen Verfahren zur abtrennung von kondensierbaren substanzen aus gasen oder gasgemischen
US6436172B1 (en) 1998-11-03 2002-08-20 Universitat Bremen Method for separating condensable substances from gases or gas mixtures
US6511525B2 (en) * 1999-11-12 2003-01-28 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus for extracting water from air using a desiccant
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IT7847714A0 (it) 1978-01-20
AU520757B2 (en) 1982-02-25
OA05863A (fr) 1981-05-31
ES466109A1 (es) 1978-10-01
DE2702701C3 (de) 1982-01-28
EG13118A (en) 1983-12-31
IT1101877B (it) 1985-10-07
JPS53104573A (en) 1978-09-11
CH630979A5 (de) 1982-07-15
DE2702701B2 (de) 1981-05-27
DE2702701A1 (de) 1978-07-27
FR2377834A1 (fr) 1978-08-18
ZA78163B (en) 1978-10-25
GB1556842A (en) 1979-11-28
AU3241078A (en) 1979-07-19

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