US4180441A - Process for making negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, and the negative electrodes thus obtained - Google Patents

Process for making negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, and the negative electrodes thus obtained Download PDF

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Publication number
US4180441A
US4180441A US05/908,783 US90878378A US4180441A US 4180441 A US4180441 A US 4180441A US 90878378 A US90878378 A US 90878378A US 4180441 A US4180441 A US 4180441A
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United States
Prior art keywords
active metal
tape
cadmium
electrode
deposit
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Expired - Lifetime
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US05/908,783
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English (en)
Inventor
Bernard Stiker
Fernand Jolas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SAFT Societe des Accumulateurs Fixes et de Traction SA
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Les Piles Wonder SA
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Publication date
Application filed by Les Piles Wonder SA filed Critical Les Piles Wonder SA
Priority to US05/947,029 priority Critical patent/US4169780A/en
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Publication of US4180441A publication Critical patent/US4180441A/en
Assigned to SAFT (SOCIETE ANONYME), 156 AVENUE DE METZ 93230 ROMAINVILLE, FRANCE reassignment SAFT (SOCIETE ANONYME), 156 AVENUE DE METZ 93230 ROMAINVILLE, FRANCE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: SOCIETE LES PILES WONDER
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H01M4/045—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation
    • H01M4/0452—Electrochemical coating; Electrochemical impregnation from solutions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/08—Electroplating with moving electrolyte e.g. jet electroplating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/60—Electroplating characterised by the structure or texture of the layers
    • C25D5/623—Porosity of the layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D7/00—Electroplating characterised by the article coated
    • C25D7/06—Wires; Strips; Foils
    • C25D7/0614—Strips or foils
    • C25D7/0642—Anodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • H01M4/742—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal perforated material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
    • H01M4/72—Grids
    • H01M4/74—Meshes or woven material; Expanded metal
    • H01M4/745—Expanded metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
    • H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
    • H01M4/0404—Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
    • H01M4/66—Selection of materials
    • H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, more particularly to negative electrodes made out of cadmium or zinc for generators in an alkaline, neutral or acid medium.
  • a conductive porous support or core is repeatedly immersed, consisting in immersing a support, generally in sintered nickel, in melted cadmium nitrate, and thereafter in an aqueous solution of an alkaline metal hydroxide which transforms said nitrate in cadmium hydroxide.
  • the pores of the cadmium hydroxide conductive support forming the active material are thereby filled up.
  • the two immersion operations are repeated several times for providing a sufficient deposit of active material so that the electrode reaches its required capacity, that is, in operation, is capable of storing the required electricity quantity.
  • a non-porous conductive support or core is coated with a powder and consisting in coating, for instance, through compacting or impasting with a cadmium base and/or a cadmium compound powder, a non porous conductive support made, for instance, of a metallic gauze or a perforated plate.
  • Such a process provides at a relatively low cost, good quality cadmium electrodes withstanding high ratings, such as the electrodes obtained through the first process, and which may be very thin.
  • an electrolytic deposit, adherent and porous, usable for making electrodes (b) an electrolytic deposit, adherent and porous, usable for making electrodes; a process of this type, which is the object of French Pat. No. 1,281,247 filed on July 6, 1960 by YARDEY INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, consists in electrolytically depositing an active metal on the cathodic surface from a highly ionized solution containing a large proportion of ions others than those of said active metal, the active metal ions being present in solution in a proportion lower than about 10% by weight; the active metal can be cadmium or zinc for forming negative electrodes, or silver for forming positive electrodes; the porous deposits on electrodes, in particular on negative electrodes, obtained by a process of such type offer the disadvantage of having a far lower reactive power than deposits in powder form obtained by other processes and, moreover, this reactive power decreases after repeated cyclings; therefore, they do not provide very good quality electrodes;
  • the present invention has for an object to provide such powdery deposits with a very fine texture, but adherent, homogeneous and not fragile, while being very reactive.
  • the invention has also for an object to provide a manufacturing process of a material coated with a deposit of an active metal for making negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, characterized in that a powdery layer, relatively little adherent and fragile, is deposited on a continuous metallic tape or strip by passing continuously said metallic tape, negatively polarized, through an electrolytic bath containing ions of the active metal to be deposited, the bath being disposed in an electrolysis vat with an electrode in said active metal, and preferably also an electrode in a non active metal, while ensuring, according to an important characteristic of the invention, a laminar flow of the bath in the whole area of the vat comprising said tape and said electrode or electrodes which are positively polarized, and said powdery layer being consolidated by subjecting said tape coated with the powdery layer, when coming out from said bath, to a calendering operation.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide, as a new article of manufacture, a material coated with an active metal deposit, in particular of cadmium or zinc, and adapted to constitute negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, characterized in that it has been obtained by using the process hereabove defined, in particular in the device also hereabove defined; this material is capable, in thicknesses lower than 1 mm, of possessing faradic capacitances reaching up 100 mAh/cm 2 .
  • FIGURE shows, in perspective, with parts torn away, a device according to the invention, given by way of a non limitative example, for practicing the process according to the invention.
  • the device comprises firstly an electrolysis vat 1 comprising four compartments, viz. an electrodeposition compartment 2, an input and filling compartment 3, an output or overflow compartment 4 and a compartment 5 of a smaller dimension and called access compartment.
  • the electrodeposition compartment 2 communicates with the input compartment 3 through a number of holes 6 formed in the bottom 7 of the electrodeposition compartment 2; it communicates with the output compartment 4 through an overflow opening 8, formed in the upper portion of wall 9 separating compartments 2 and 4; finally it communicates with the access compartment 5 via an elongated rectangular slot 10 extending across the bottom 7.
  • the unit formed by compartments 2, 3 and 5 is filled with an electrolyte (not shown) up to the level of hole 8 formed in wall 9; as regards compartment 4, it is not filled up to that level since a recycling system has been foreseen between the base of compartment 4 and the top of compartment 3, said recycling system comprising a piping 11 communicating upstream with the lower portion of compartment 4, a recycling pump 12, a piping 13, a cooling chamber 14 and a piping 15 emerging at 16 in the upper portion of compartment 3, the recycling system having as effect not only to bring back the electrolyte from the bottom of the output compartment 4 up to the upper portion of the input compartment 3, but also to cool the electrolyte which has a tendency of heating up when the electrolysis vat 1 is operating.
  • the circulation of the electrolyte is shown by a simple arrow.
  • the electrolyte is an acid or an alkaline electrolyte containing ions of an active metal; thus, it may be formed of a dilute aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate and sulphuric acid when cadmium is to be deposited or a dilute solution of zinc oxide in a concentrated aqueous solution of potash for forming a zinc deposit.
  • the material to be coated is formed of a continuous tape or strip 17 fed by a supply spool 18 on which it is wound.
  • the tape 17 passes across compartment 5 filled with the electrolyte but not subjected to the lines of electric field, then it penetrates through slot 10 in the electrodeposition department 2 in which it receives the active metal deposit.
  • tape 17 is negatively polarized by sources 23a and 23b of the continuous current due to a guide 19 connected by conductors 20, 20a, 20b to the negative poles of sources 23a and 23b.
  • compartment 2 In compartment 2 are arranged two electrodes, namely the main electrode 21a in active metal, that is in cadmium or zinc, and an auxiliary regulation electrode 21b in an inert metal compatible with the medium, for instance in lead in an acid medium (sulphuric acid and cadmium sulfate) for the deposit of cadmium, in nickel in alkaline medium (potash and zinc oxide) for the zinc deposits.
  • the electrodes 21a and 21b are positively polarized by being respectively connected through conductors 22a and 22b to the positive poles of sources 23a and 23b respectively.
  • the function of electrode 21a in active metal is to maintain the concentration of active metal ions of the electrolyte (not shown) which is in the vat, by playing the role of a soluble anode, while the electrode 21b acts as a regulation means.
  • the dissolution efficiency of the soluble anode 21a is in fact of the order of 100% , whereas the efficiency of the deposit on the tape is only of a %, for instance 80% in the case of cadmium and 95% in the case of the zinc deposit. Under such conditions, if the same current intensity was applicable to the soluble anode 21a and to the tape 17, there would be an accumulation of active metal in the bath.
  • the device of the single figure comprises also a calendar 24 comprising two rotary cylinders 25 and 26 arranged just above compartment 2 in vat 1, the tape 17a coated with an active metal deposit being driven by the rotation of cylinders 25 and 26.
  • the gap between cylinders 25 and 26 compresses further the active deposit deposited on the tape thereby providing the final tape 17b which is usable for making negative electrodes for electrochemical generators.
  • the advance direction of the tape has been shown with double arrows the advance direction of the tape.
  • the calendar 24 draws tape 17, 17a in the direction of the double arrow in succession through guide 19 which polarizes it cathodically, the access compartment 5 in which it is wetted by the electrolyte, the compartment 2 in which it is subjected to the electrolysis phenomenon and receives a spongy deposit of cadmium, and between the cylinders 25 and 26 of calendar 24 in which the deposit is being compressed and consolidated.
  • Tape 17b with its consolidated cadmium or zinc layer can be thereafter subjected to various operations, in particular to an improvement chemical treatment, to a washing and/or a drying, for instance as described in the French patent application filed this same day by the Applicant for a "process for improving the quality of electrodeposited negative electrodes for electrochemical generators and negative electrodes obtained by said process".
  • said electrolysis consists, as already discussed:
  • the tape it may be made of a full or perforated metallic plate, in expanded metal, in metallic gauze, the metal being for instance nickel, nickelled iron, silver, or zinc.
  • the metal being for instance nickel, nickelled iron, silver, or zinc.
  • the tape or strip 17 is a pure nickel tape, perforated, of a thickness of 0.1 mm and a width of 14 cm.
  • the electrolyte is constituted by a dilute aqueous solution of cadmium sulfate and sulphuric acid with 10 to 100 g/l of Cd ++ (for instance 20 g/l) and from 10 to 100 g/l (for instance 50 g/l) of H 2 SO 4 .
  • the current density is within 50 to 1000 mA/cm 2 , for instance 230 mA/cm 2 .
  • the temperature of the electrolyte is comprised between 5° C. and 75° C.; it is a function of the current density (for instance 18° C. at 230 mA/cm 2 ).
  • the tape speed is of the order of one meter per hour (for instance 2 m/h) and that of the electrolyte bath of the order of one meter per minute (for instance 1.5 m/mn).
  • the distribution of the anodic current is: 80% on the cadmium soluble anode 21a and 20% on the lead inert anode 21b.
  • the thickness of the cadmium deposit at the output of vat 1 is of 3 mm about; the calendering reduces said thickness to 0.5 mm, that is a compacting rate of over 80%, the apparent density of the deposited cadmium being lower in this example than almost 34% of the massive cadmium density.
  • the tape or strip 17 is made of expanded zinc.
  • the electrolyte is constituted by a zinc oxide and potash aqueous solution containing from 5 to 10% of ZnO and from 30 to 45% of KOH (for instance 45% of KOH and 8% of ZnO).
  • the current density is between 50 and 1000 mA/cm 2 (for instance 200 mA/cm 2 ).
  • the electrolyte temperature lies between 5° C. and 75° C.; its depends on the current density (for instance 25° C. at 200 mA/cm 2 ).
  • the distribution of the anodic current is of 95% on the zinc soluble anode 21a and 5% on the nickel inert anode 22b.
  • the thickness of the zinc deposit at the output of vat 1 is of 4 mm; calendering reduces said thickness to 0.2 mm.
  • the compacting rate in this example is over 90% and the apparent density of the deposit of zinc is lower in this example than about 26% of the massive zinc density.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
US05/908,783 1977-05-24 1978-05-23 Process for making negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, and the negative electrodes thus obtained Expired - Lifetime US4180441A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/947,029 US4169780A (en) 1977-05-24 1978-09-29 Process and apparatus for making negative electrodes, in particular in cadmium or zinc, for electrochemical generators, and the negative electrodes thus obtained

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7715843A FR2392502A1 (fr) 1977-05-24 1977-05-24 Procede et dispositif pour fabriquer des electrodes negatives, notamment en cadmium ou en zinc, pour generateurs electrochimiques et electrodes negatives ainsi obtenues
FR7715843 1977-05-24

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/947,029 Division US4169780A (en) 1977-05-24 1978-09-29 Process and apparatus for making negative electrodes, in particular in cadmium or zinc, for electrochemical generators, and the negative electrodes thus obtained

Publications (1)

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US4180441A true US4180441A (en) 1979-12-25

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/908,783 Expired - Lifetime US4180441A (en) 1977-05-24 1978-05-23 Process for making negative electrodes for electrochemical generators, and the negative electrodes thus obtained

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US4180441A (de)
JP (2) JPS54741A (de)
BE (1) BE867434A (de)
BR (1) BR7803285A (de)
CH (1) CH631748A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2822821C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2392502A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1595835A (de)
HK (1) HK47384A (de)
IT (1) IT1103075B (de)
MX (1) MX149364A (de)
NL (1) NL189311C (de)
OA (1) OA05970A (de)
ZA (1) ZA782957B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4554056A (en) * 1985-04-18 1985-11-19 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Impregnation of nickel electrodes using electric pH control circuits
US4686013A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-08-11 Gates Energy Products, Inc. Electrode for a rechargeable electrochemical cell and method and apparatus for making same
US20020122976A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-09-05 Kei Tomihara Cadmium negative electrode for alkaline storage battery and method for producing the same
US20090087362A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2009-04-02 Yang Kook Sun Cathode Active Material Coated With Fluorine Compound for Lithium Secondary Batteries and Method for Preparing the Same

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3714654A1 (de) * 1987-05-02 1988-11-10 Varta Batterie Bei hoher temperatur entladbares galvanisches primaerelement mit alkalischem elektrolyten
DE4326944A1 (de) * 1993-08-11 1995-02-16 Varta Batterie Negative Elektrode für gasdichte alkalische Akkumulatoren, die eine Ruß enthaltende Gasverzehrschicht besitzt
KR100747626B1 (ko) 2006-06-09 2007-08-09 세방하이테크 주식회사 아연전극 제조방법 및 제조장치
JP6214144B2 (ja) * 2012-10-24 2017-10-18 シャープ株式会社 電池用電極の製造装置
DE102012024758B4 (de) 2012-12-18 2024-02-01 Maschinenfabrik Niehoff Gmbh & Co Kg Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum elektrolytischen Beschichten eines Gegenstandes und deren Verwendung
JP5725055B2 (ja) 2013-02-12 2015-05-27 株式会社デンソー 電子制御ユニット
CA2900271A1 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-02-21 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Components with multiple energization elements for biomedical devices
US9383593B2 (en) * 2014-08-21 2016-07-05 Johnson & Johnson Vision Care, Inc. Methods to form biocompatible energization elements for biomedical devices comprising laminates and placed separators

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3222128A (en) * 1960-03-21 1965-12-07 Benjamin B Doeh Process for producing silver nitrate
US3326721A (en) * 1963-06-10 1967-06-20 Ian H S Henderson Nickel cadmium batteries
US3400056A (en) * 1964-08-26 1968-09-03 Electric Storage Batteery Comp Electrolytic process for preparing electrochemically active cadmium
US3558359A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-01-26 Texas Instruments Inc Method for forming battery electrode plates

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1079869A (fr) * 1953-03-17 1954-12-03 Accumulateurs Fixes Procédé de fabrication continue de plaques négatives pour accumulateurs alcalins
NL253456A (de) * 1959-07-08
GB1148306A (en) * 1965-08-06 1969-04-10 Lucas Industries Ltd Cadmium plates for alkaline batteries
US3966494A (en) * 1974-10-21 1976-06-29 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Impregnation of electrodes for nickel cadmium batteries
JPS5751702B2 (de) * 1975-01-31 1982-11-04
JPS51141327A (en) * 1975-05-30 1976-12-06 Japan Storage Battery Co Ltd Method of producing zinc plate for alkaline battery

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3222128A (en) * 1960-03-21 1965-12-07 Benjamin B Doeh Process for producing silver nitrate
US3326721A (en) * 1963-06-10 1967-06-20 Ian H S Henderson Nickel cadmium batteries
US3400056A (en) * 1964-08-26 1968-09-03 Electric Storage Batteery Comp Electrolytic process for preparing electrochemically active cadmium
US3558359A (en) * 1967-12-20 1971-01-26 Texas Instruments Inc Method for forming battery electrode plates

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4554056A (en) * 1985-04-18 1985-11-19 Eagle-Picher Industries, Inc. Impregnation of nickel electrodes using electric pH control circuits
US4686013A (en) * 1986-03-14 1987-08-11 Gates Energy Products, Inc. Electrode for a rechargeable electrochemical cell and method and apparatus for making same
US20020122976A1 (en) * 2000-12-28 2002-09-05 Kei Tomihara Cadmium negative electrode for alkaline storage battery and method for producing the same
US7226693B2 (en) * 2000-12-28 2007-06-05 Sanyo Electronic Co., Ltd. Cadmium negative electrode for alkaline storage battery and method for producing the same
US20090087362A1 (en) * 2005-04-15 2009-04-02 Yang Kook Sun Cathode Active Material Coated With Fluorine Compound for Lithium Secondary Batteries and Method for Preparing the Same
US9048495B2 (en) * 2005-04-15 2015-06-02 Enerceramic Inc. Cathode active material coated with flourine compound for lithium secondary batteries and method for preparing the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MX149364A (es) 1983-10-27
JPS54741A (en) 1979-01-06
GB1595835A (en) 1981-08-19
DE2822821C2 (de) 1988-11-10
NL189311B (nl) 1992-10-01
CH631748A5 (fr) 1982-08-31
FR2392502A1 (fr) 1978-12-22
JPS63900B2 (de) 1988-01-09
DE2822821A1 (de) 1978-12-07
BR7803285A (pt) 1979-02-06
OA05970A (fr) 1981-06-30
BE867434A (fr) 1978-11-24
ZA782957B (en) 1979-06-27
IT7809471A0 (it) 1978-05-22
HK47384A (en) 1984-06-08
FR2392502B1 (de) 1981-04-10
JPH0324022B2 (de) 1991-04-02
NL189311C (nl) 1993-03-01
JPS61277161A (ja) 1986-12-08
NL7805641A (nl) 1978-11-28
IT1103075B (it) 1985-10-14

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