US4009943A - Fish eye lens system - Google Patents

Fish eye lens system Download PDF

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Publication number
US4009943A
US4009943A US05/606,123 US60612375A US4009943A US 4009943 A US4009943 A US 4009943A US 60612375 A US60612375 A US 60612375A US 4009943 A US4009943 A US 4009943A
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sub
lens
lens group
lens system
lenses
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US05/606,123
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English (en)
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Mitsuaki Horimoto
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Minolta Co Ltd
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Minolta Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B13/00—Optical objectives specially designed for the purposes specified below
    • G02B13/06—Panoramic objectives; So-called "sky lenses" including panoramic objectives having reflecting surfaces

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an extremely wide angle photographic lens system and more particularly, to a fish eye lens system having a field angle of 180°.
  • the Ogura U.S. Pat. No. 3,597,049 provides one example of solving the problem associated with a fish eye lens system by controlling the Abbe values of the lens elements.
  • the Japanese Pat. Nos. 47-23576; and 47-35019 issued in 1972 and the Nakagawa U.S. Pat. No. 3,850,509 are additional examples of fish eye lens systems.
  • the Japanese Pat. No. 39-18718 discloses an achromat fish eye lens system.
  • the prior art still has not provided an optimum fish eye lens system that is both photographically acceptable and which can be manufactured relatively inexpensively.
  • the present invention is adapted for use with a compact SLR camera body and provides a fish eye lens system having an aperture ratio of F/4, a back focal length of approximately 4.8 times the focal length of the total system, while at the same time providing satisfactory compensation for the spherical, and lateral chromatic aberrations and astigmatism resulting from the stringent parameters imposed by a field angle of 180°.
  • the fish eye lens system includes a first lens group on the object side of the diaphragm comprising from object to image side of the total system, a pair of negative meniscus lenses, a negative cemented doublet with a concave surface on the image side, and a positive fourth lens having a convex surface on the object side.
  • a second lens group is positioned on the image side of the diaphragm and consists of three lenses of which at least two are cemented doublet lenses.
  • the design parameters of the present fish eye lens system include the following conditions: ##EQU1## wherein r 7 and r 8 represent respectively, the radii of curvature of the concave surface of the third lens and the object side convex surface of the fourth lens from object to image side of the total lens system; R represents the radius of curvature for each of the intermediate surfaces of the cemented doublets in the second lens group; Np represents an average value of the refractive indices for the positive lens components of all the cemented doublets in the second lens group; Nn represents an average value of the refractive indices for the negative lens components of all the cemented doublets in the second lens group; Vp represents an average value of the Abbe's Number for the positive lens components of all of the cemented doublets in the second lens group; Vn represents an average value of the Abbe's Number for all the negative lens components of all of the cemented doublets in the second lens group; and f represents the total focal length of the fish eye lens system.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a first embodiment of the fish eye lens system of the present invention
  • FIGS. 2A through 2D are graphical plots of, respectively, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration, and distortion for the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a second embodiment of the fish eye lens system of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4A through 4D are graphical plots of, respectively, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration, and distortion for the second embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a third embodiment of the fish eye lens system of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6A through 6D are graphical plots of, respectively, the spherical aberration, astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration, and distortion for the third embodiment.
  • the derivation of the formulae and their relation set forth can be accomplished with the assistance of a computer.
  • the present invention represents the parameters of a compromised balance of acceptable aberrations in a relatively easily manufactured and low cost lens system for utilization, for example, with a single lens reflex camera.
  • the fish eye lens system of the present invention provides an optimized commercial lens by the choice of certain parameters set forth herein to solve the problems of spherical and chromatic aberrations, distortion, and astigmatism that is experienced with a field angle of 180°.
  • Each of the embodiments of the present invention provides an aperture ratio of F/4 and a back focal length of approximately 4.8 times the focal length, f, of the lens system. Further, each of the embodiments are particularly adapted for use on a compact 35 mm. single lens reflex camera.
  • the fish eye lens system includes basically seven lenses plus an additional lens, L 5 which is basically a filter that can be optionally changed.
  • the lenses, L are further designated in groups as a first lens group positioned on the object side of the diaphragm, D, and a second lens group positioned on the image side of the diaphragm.
  • the specific lenses of the present invention as can be seen in FIGS. 1, 3, and 5, are described from the object to image side of the total fish eye lens system.
  • the first lens group includes a negative meniscus lens, L 1 , having a concave surface on the front or object side; a second negative meniscus lens, L 2 , having a concave surface on object side; a doublet, or composite, lens, L 3 , having a negative refractive power and consisting of respectively, a positive and negative component; and a positive lens, L 4 , comprising either a single lens, or a composite lens, having respectively, a negative and positive component.
  • a filter, L 5 can be positioned before the diaphragm and can be either statically positioned within the fish eye lens system or capable of being optionally changed, as desired.
  • the second lens group after the diaphragm includes three lenses, L 6 , L 7 , and L 8 , of which at least two of the lenses will be doublets, or composite, lenses. It is possible for the filter, L 5 , to be mounted at other locations within the fish eye lens system, such as after the last lens, L 8 .
  • the design parameters or conditions of the fish eye lens system of the present invention can be set forth collectively as follows, with the focal length of the total fish eye lens system being f;
  • the composite focal length of the negative meniscus lenses, L 1 , and L 2 being in the range of -f to -2f.
  • the ratio of the radius of curvature of the rear or image surface of L 3 to that of the front or object surface of L 4 is in the range of 0.3 to 1.0.
  • the absolute value obtained by dividing the average value of the Abbe Numbers of the positive lens components of the composite, or doublet, lenses in the second lens group, by the average value of the Abbe's Numbers of the negative lens components in the second lens group will not be less than 1.2 nor more than 3.
  • Subparagraph (a) above sets forth the relationship between the focal length of the first and second negative meniscus lens in the first group relative to the total focal length of the fish eye lens system.
  • the relationship of the focal length is important in achieving an adequately long back focal length, S'.
  • the long back focus provides a relatively large free axial spacing between the last surface of the lens system and the image plane, thus accommodating the lens system of the present invention to a pivoted mirror reflex camera.
  • -2f the lower design limit
  • an excessively short back focal length will result that is unsuitble for a single lens reflex camera and the diameter of the first or front lens element, L 1 , must be sharply increased to adequately cover a field angle of 180°.
  • Condition (b) is necessary for compensating for lateral chromatic aberration.
  • the use of a doublet having components with different Abbe Numbers has been suggested in various forms of retrofocus type lens systems, however, the specific range is considered important in the present fish eye lens system, to compensate for the lateral chromatic aberrations while at the same time exerting an adverse effect on the longitudinal chromatic aberrations. It is further important that the lateral chromatic aberrations and the longitudinal chromatic aberrations be compensated while still maintaining the parameter of subparagraph (a). If the difference in the Abbe's Number exceeds the upper limit of 25, then there will be insufficient compensation for the longitudinal chromatic aberrations and this will result in considerable flare, particularly, at a short wave length. If the difference in the Abbe's Number exceeds the lower limit of 15, then it will not be possible to compensate for the chromatic aberrations in the lens system.
  • the ratio of the radius of curvature, r 7 , of the image surface of L 3 to that of the object surface, r 8 of L 4 in subparagraph (c) can be set forth as follows:
  • the present invention prevents an unwieldly increase in size of the fish eye lens system by permitting an increased aperture ratio but still permits compensations for spherical aberration with a relatively compact lens system construction by adhering to the requirements of equation (1). It should be noted that this correction is effectuated despite a relatively large aperture ratio of F/4.
  • the subparagraphs (d), (e), and (f) provide range limitations in the present invention that must be adhered to in order to compensate for the curvature of field, astigmatism, coma and longitudinal chromatic aberration which are developed in the first lens group.
  • Subparagraph (d) provides for the absolute value of the radius of curvature
  • Subparagraph (e) provides for the relationship between the indices of refraction of the negative (Nn) and positive (Np) lens components of the doublets of the second lens group to be limited as follows:
  • equation (2) will prevent an excessive compensation of the Petzval sum which was produced by the first two negative meniscus lens L 1 and L 2 when combined with equations (3) and (4).
  • equations (3) and (4) are imposed by the refractive index and Abbe's Number for available glass. If the range of values established in equations (2), (3), and (4) are not maintained then there will be an excessive compensation of Petzval sum creating astigmatic problems.
  • the lenses in accordance with the present invention are illustrated diagrammatically using reference characters which have been referred to above.
  • the light is assumed to travel from left to right, the individual lenses are designated by the letter, L, with a subscript indicating the number of the lens as numbered consecutively from object to image side.
  • the diaphragms in the figures are indicated by the letter D.
  • the radii of curvature of the lenses are indicated by, r, with a subscript corresponding to the consecutive numbers of the lens element surfaces.
  • the minus signs indicate surfaces concave toward the object side, while the surfaces without a sign are convex toward the object side.
  • the Tables also disclose the axial spacings, d, along the optical axis and include both the axial spacings between the lens elements and thickness of the lens elements. The axial spacings between the lens elements are positioned accordingly, relative to the radii in the Tables while the thicknesses are designated accordingly, between the radii.
  • Zero axial spacing indicates lens elements cemented to each other. All other axial spacing greater than zero refer to air spacings.
  • the first two lenses, L 1 , and L 2 are negative meniscus lenses.
  • the third lens, L 3 is a doublet having a negative refractive power while the fourth lens, L 4 , is a doublet having a positive refractive power.
  • Lenses L 6 and L 8 are doublets while the single lens L 7 has a positive refractive power.
  • the lens parameters of FIG. 1 are set forth in the following Table 1 while the plots of spherical aberration, astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration and distortion are set forth respectively in FIGS. 2A through 2D.
  • a second embodiment of the present invention is provided wherein the fourth lens, L 4 , is a single lens and each of the lenses, L 6 , L 7 , and L 8 , of the second lens group are doublets.
  • the lens parameters are set forth in the following Table 2, while the plots of spherical aberration, astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration and distortion are set forth respectively in FIGS. 4A through 4D.
  • a third embodiment of the present invention is provided wherein the fourth lens, L 4 , is a doublet and lenses, L 6 , and L 7 , are also doublets.
  • a single positive refractive power lens, is provided as the eighth lens, L 8 .
  • the lens parameters of FIG. 5 are set forth in the following Table 3, while the plots of spherical aberration, astigmatism, lateral chromatic aberration and distortion are set forth respectively in FIGS. 6A through 6D.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
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US05/606,123 1974-09-05 1975-08-20 Fish eye lens system Expired - Lifetime US4009943A (en)

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JP49102571A JPS5129136A (ko) 1974-09-05 1974-09-05
JA49-102571 1974-09-05

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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4412726A (en) * 1980-01-17 1983-11-01 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Fish eye lens system
GB2281833A (en) * 1993-09-10 1995-03-15 Thomson Csf Fish-eye type optical device for the detection and localization of a radiating source
US6038085A (en) * 1997-08-21 2000-03-14 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Super wide angle lens
US20020067411A1 (en) * 1997-07-30 2002-06-06 Thompson Robert Lee Imaging device
US20050203430A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-15 Lyndsay Williams Recall device
US20050200978A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-15 Pinotage, L.L.C. Lens assembly and optical imaging using same
US20070043459A1 (en) * 1999-12-15 2007-02-22 Tangis Corporation Storing and recalling information to augment human memories
US20090013052A1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2009-01-08 Microsoft Corporation Automated selection of appropriate information based on a computer user's context
US20110032325A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2011-02-10 Frank William Harris Systems and methods for image capture, generation, & presentation
US20120170142A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Largan Precision Co., Ltd. Imaging optical lens assembly

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57156087U (ko) * 1981-03-27 1982-09-30
DE4222558C2 (de) * 1992-07-09 1994-08-04 Isco Optic Gmbh Fischaugenobjektiv
JP4565262B2 (ja) * 2002-08-01 2010-10-20 株式会社ニコン 魚眼レンズ

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589798A (en) * 1968-03-25 1971-06-29 Minolta Camera Kk Wide-angle lens system with corrected lateral aberration
US3741630A (en) * 1971-11-05 1973-06-26 Olympus Optical Co Ultra-wide angle photographic lens
US3850509A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-11-26 Olympus Optical Co Fisheye lens system

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS454400Y1 (ko) * 1966-09-08 1970-02-27
JPS4920535A (ko) * 1972-06-23 1974-02-23

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3589798A (en) * 1968-03-25 1971-06-29 Minolta Camera Kk Wide-angle lens system with corrected lateral aberration
US3741630A (en) * 1971-11-05 1973-06-26 Olympus Optical Co Ultra-wide angle photographic lens
US3850509A (en) * 1971-12-07 1974-11-26 Olympus Optical Co Fisheye lens system

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4412726A (en) * 1980-01-17 1983-11-01 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Fish eye lens system
GB2281833A (en) * 1993-09-10 1995-03-15 Thomson Csf Fish-eye type optical device for the detection and localization of a radiating source
GB2281833B (en) * 1993-09-10 1997-12-24 Thomson Csf Very wide angle optical device for the detection and location of a radiating source
US20020067411A1 (en) * 1997-07-30 2002-06-06 Thompson Robert Lee Imaging device
US6744467B2 (en) * 1997-07-30 2004-06-01 Pinotage, Llc Lens system for camera
US20040218083A1 (en) * 1997-07-30 2004-11-04 Pinotage L.L.C., An Arkansas Corporation Lens assembly
US6038085A (en) * 1997-08-21 2000-03-14 Fuji Photo Optical Co., Ltd. Super wide angle lens
US20090013052A1 (en) * 1998-12-18 2009-01-08 Microsoft Corporation Automated selection of appropriate information based on a computer user's context
US9183306B2 (en) 1998-12-18 2015-11-10 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Automated selection of appropriate information based on a computer user's context
US9906474B2 (en) 1998-12-18 2018-02-27 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Automated selection of appropriate information based on a computer user's context
US9443037B2 (en) 1999-12-15 2016-09-13 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Storing and recalling information to augment human memories
US20070043459A1 (en) * 1999-12-15 2007-02-22 Tangis Corporation Storing and recalling information to augment human memories
US9918049B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2018-03-13 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Recall device
AU2005201008B2 (en) * 2004-03-01 2009-07-23 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Recall device
US9344688B2 (en) 2004-03-01 2016-05-17 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Recall device
US8886298B2 (en) * 2004-03-01 2014-11-11 Microsoft Corporation Recall device
US20050203430A1 (en) * 2004-03-01 2005-09-15 Lyndsay Williams Recall device
US7054076B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2006-05-30 Pinotage, L.L.C. Lens assembly and optical imaging system using same
US7050245B2 (en) 2004-03-11 2006-05-23 Pinotage L.L.C. Lens assembly and optical imaging using same
US20050200978A1 (en) * 2004-03-11 2005-09-15 Pinotage, L.L.C. Lens assembly and optical imaging using same
US20110032325A1 (en) * 2007-08-08 2011-02-10 Frank William Harris Systems and methods for image capture, generation, & presentation
US9411078B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2016-08-09 Frank William Harris Lens system for redirecting light rays within a field of view toward a focal plane
US8678598B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2014-03-25 Frank William Harris Systems and methods for image capture, generation, and presentation
US9690081B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2017-06-27 Frank William Harris Lens system for generating an anamorphic image from a non-anamorphic image
US9918051B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2018-03-13 Frank William Harris System for generating an anamorphic image from a non-anamorphic image
US10674121B2 (en) 2007-08-08 2020-06-02 Frank William Harris Lens system for use in image capture device
US8456763B2 (en) * 2010-12-30 2013-06-04 Largan Precision Co., Ltd. Imaging optical lens assembly
US20120170142A1 (en) * 2010-12-30 2012-07-05 Largan Precision Co., Ltd. Imaging optical lens assembly

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DE2538659A1 (de) 1976-03-18
JPS5129136A (ko) 1976-03-12

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