US3982820A - Liquid crystal display device - Google Patents

Liquid crystal display device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3982820A
US3982820A US05/607,940 US60794075A US3982820A US 3982820 A US3982820 A US 3982820A US 60794075 A US60794075 A US 60794075A US 3982820 A US3982820 A US 3982820A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
display device
crystal display
molecules
crystal material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/607,940
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English (en)
Inventor
Katsuji Hattori
Masakazu Fukai
Akio Moriyama
Yasuhiro Nishizawa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Panasonic Holdings Corp
Original Assignee
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd filed Critical Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3982820A publication Critical patent/US3982820A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/05—Bonding or intermediate layer characterised by chemical composition, e.g. sealant or spacer
    • C09K2323/051—Inorganic, e.g. glass or silicon oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
    • C09K2323/05—Bonding or intermediate layer characterised by chemical composition, e.g. sealant or spacer
    • C09K2323/053—Organic silicon compound, e.g. organosilicon

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a liquid crystal display device, and more particularly to a liquid crystal display device capable of providing effective alignment of liquid crystal molecules.
  • the latter method also has such disadvantages that the service life for aligning the molecules of a liquid crystal material is short and that polyvinylalcohol contains a certain amount of water and becomes a source of the cause of a decrease in the electrical resistance of the device, thereby lowering the reliability of the device and/or decreasing the service life of alignment.
  • a liquid crystal display device utilizing polycarbonmonofluoride. Such a device, however, has problems in hermetic sealing.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device capable of excellently aligning the molecules of a liquid crystal material and of good hermetic sealing.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a liquid crystal display device having surfaces of excellent chemical stability and good insulation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross section of a structure of a liquid crystal display device according to an embodiment of this invention.
  • a transparent conductive film 1 is formed on a surface of a glass substrate 2 and etched in a pattern. This surface of the substrate 2 is rubbed in a certain direction with gauze adhered with a fine powder of boron nitride BN having an average diameter of the order of 1 ⁇ m to form a coating layer 3 of boron nitride BN.
  • a transparent conductive film 4 is formed on a surface of another substrate 5.
  • the surface of the substrate 5 is rubbed with BN powder in a direction at right angles to that of the other substrate to form a coating layer 6 of BN.
  • the two substrates are assembled in a cell with a gap of about 10 ⁇ m.
  • a nematic liquid crystal material 7 is interposed into this cell. When this twisted type liquid crystal display device was placed between a pair of polarizers disposed in the crossed Nicol arrangement and subjected to observation, the liquid crystal material 7 showed uniform alignment over the entire area of the cell.
  • the substrate surfaces to be coated with BN should be clean. If the surface of a transparent conductive film such as indium oxide or tin oxide is cleaned by heat treatment, the adhesion of BN coating layer can be improved to be more uniform to provide a liquid crystal display device of good performance.
  • a transparent conductive film such as indium oxide or tin oxide
  • This BN material has a very high thermal decomposition temperature and is chemically very stable, being non-reactive with liquid crystal molecules. Therefore, the effective service life for alignment of the molecules of a liquid crystal material is very long and the manufacturing process for the cell becomes very easy.
  • sealing glass can be used for sealing a pair of glass substrates 2 and 5 treated with BN particles.
  • Generally available sealing glasses are usable at temperatures from 350° to 600°C, and hence can be used for effectively sealing the display cell. This is a unique characteristic as a method employing abrasion.
  • a sealing glass to be used at 450°C was adopted for sealing a display cell treated with BN, no difference was observed in the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules in comparison with those not subjected to heat treatment.
  • treatment at 200°C was critical and there were problems in the point of hermetic sealing.
  • a transparent conductive film 1 is formed on one glass substrate 2, similar to embodiment 1.
  • An SiO 2 film 10 of a thickness 1000 A is deposited thereon as an insulating film.
  • a coating layer 3' of BN was formed by a similar method as that of Embodiment 1.
  • an SiO 2 film 11 was also formed and a coating film 6' of BN is formed thereon by a similar method as that of Embodiment 1.
  • a film of silicon mono-oxide SiO or glass can be used in place of the silicon dioxide SiO 2 film 11.
  • boron nitride BN The finer the particle size of said boron nitride BN the better. Further, a BN coating film is a good insulator. Thus, if the BN powder adheres to other surfaces of the glass substrates 2 and 5 than those coated with the transparent conductive films 1 and 4, the function as a display device cannot be disturbed in any manner.
  • the BN films 3' and 6' formed on the SiO 2 film could align the molecules of the liquid crystal material 7 with good reproducibility, and almost no disturbance for a display device such as cuts caused by rubbing on the surfaces of substrate and transparent conductive film or the threaded domain patterns caused by the difference in the alignment of liquid crystal molecules could be observed.
  • liquid crystal display devices could be manufactured with a far better reproducibility than those of the conventional ones and showed stable performances.
  • Such a liquid crystal display device cannot be influenced by the size of the cell theoretically.
  • a display device having a panel area of 15 cm ⁇ 15 cm was manufactured and yet liquid crystal molecules showed uniform alignment over the entire area.
  • SiO 2 film to be coated with a BN layer may also be used such as a pyrex glass layer of a thickness not less than about 2000 A, SiO layer of a thickness not less than about 3000 A, MgF 2 layer of a thickness not less than about 3000 A, CeO 2 layer of a thickness not less than about 3000 A, TiO 2 layer of a thickness not less than about 3000 A, and Y 2 O 3 layer of a thickness not less than about 2000 A, each of which may be formed by deposition.
  • a sealing glass may be used for sealing the cell to provide good results.
  • the reason for the fact that the liquid crystal molecules can be aligned with the use of BN particles may be considered as due to the fact that BN particles of layer structure adhere regularly on the surface of a glass substrate. Namely, when a surface of a glass substrate is rubbed in one direction with gauze, cloth, etc. and adhered with BN particles, hexagonal crystal structure BN particles cause uniformly sliding deformation in layered structure in said one direction, thereby resulting in a layer of directional BN particles adhered uniformly on the substrate.
  • this invention should be compared with the conventional glass substrates provided with a surface film of polymer or polycarbonmonofluoride which do not show good adhesion for the adhesives such as epoxy resin and cannot provide perfect hermeticity of the display cell.
  • the glass substrate subjected to a surface alignment treatment with BN particles according to this invention was found to show good adhesion in the above point and to provide a display cell having good hermeticity. Further, since BN material does not contain water or moisture, this invention is particularly advantageous for the use of a liquid crystal material which is influenced by water.
  • the alignment of the molecules of a liquid crystal material varies with time in a twisted type liquid crystal display cell consisting of substrates simply rubbed with gauze or cloth
  • the alignment of the molecules of a liquid crystal material in the liquid crystal display device subjected to the surface alignment treatment with BN according to this invention does not show time change semi-permanently due to the thermal stability of BN. Further, the service life thereof becomes very long due to the chemical stability of BN, not being reactive with a liquid crystal material.
  • the surface alignment treatment with BN particles according to this invention is also effective in the dynamic scattering mode type display device.
  • the molecules of a liquid crystal material with a negative dielectric anisotropy can be aligned in one direction and the cell being transparent in the entire area in the absence of an electric field causes dynamic scattering under the application of an electric field to provide high contrast.
  • the surface of a substrate provided with a transparent conductive film is rubbed with gauze, paper, cloth, etc. adhered with fine powder of boron nitride to adhere BN particles on the substrate and to give a preferred direction of alignment.
  • a display device showing uniform alignment can be manufactured by a simple procedure. The service life for aligning the molecules of a liquid crystal material is long. The working surface is chemically stable and provides good insulation.
  • the liquid crystal display device according to this invention has many advantageous effects in comparison with the display devices subjected with conventional surface alignment treatment. Therefore, this invention has a large industrial value.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
US05/607,940 1974-08-29 1975-08-26 Liquid crystal display device Expired - Lifetime US3982820A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JA49-99662 1974-08-29
JP9966274A JPS5419300B2 (ja) 1974-08-29 1974-08-29

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3982820A true US3982820A (en) 1976-09-28

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ID=14253240

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/607,940 Expired - Lifetime US3982820A (en) 1974-08-29 1975-08-26 Liquid crystal display device

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3982820A (ja)
JP (1) JPS5419300B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1040295A (ja)
DE (1) DE2538331C3 (ja)
FR (1) FR2283499A1 (ja)
GB (1) GB1490446A (ja)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4068923A (en) * 1975-08-27 1978-01-17 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Electro-optical cell
US4240710A (en) * 1977-09-06 1980-12-23 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Holding plate for a twisted nematic alignment field effect mode (TNFEM) liquid crystal display
US5321539A (en) * 1991-02-04 1994-06-14 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Liquid crystal Fabry-Perot etalon with glass spacer
US5594569A (en) * 1993-07-22 1997-01-14 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US20020000613A1 (en) * 1997-11-27 2002-01-03 Hisashi Ohtani Semiconductor device
US6468844B1 (en) 1997-07-14 2002-10-22 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Preparation method of semiconductor device
US20040066477A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-04-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Liquid crystal display device
US6856360B1 (en) 1997-11-28 2005-02-15 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Electrooptical device, method of manufacturing the same, and electronic equipment
US7227603B1 (en) 1993-07-22 2007-06-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US10739650B1 (en) * 2019-03-05 2020-08-11 The Government of the United States of America, as represented the Secretary of the Navy Utilizing 2D h-BN nanosheets as the planar-alignment agent in an electro-optical liquid crystal device to improve its optical transmission

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3966305A (en) * 1974-10-10 1976-06-29 American Micro-Systems, Inc. Liquid crystal cell with improved alignment
JPS51111348A (en) * 1975-03-26 1976-10-01 Fujitsu Ltd Liquid crystal cell
DE2949837A1 (de) * 1979-12-12 1981-06-19 Vdo Adolf Schindling Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Fluessigkristallzelle

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3834792A (en) * 1972-04-10 1974-09-10 Ncr Alignment film for a liquid crystal display cell
US3853391A (en) * 1973-12-21 1974-12-10 Rca Corp Fabrication of liquid crystal devices
US3854793A (en) * 1972-06-27 1974-12-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Liquid crystal cells
US3864021A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-02-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Liquid crystal display device and method for processing the surface of electrode glass thereof
US3864905A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-02-11 Hoffmann La Roche Horological instrument incorporating means for illuminating a liquid crystal display

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5343414B2 (ja) * 1974-02-27 1978-11-20

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864021A (en) * 1972-03-08 1975-02-04 Seiko Instr & Electronics Liquid crystal display device and method for processing the surface of electrode glass thereof
US3834792A (en) * 1972-04-10 1974-09-10 Ncr Alignment film for a liquid crystal display cell
US3854793A (en) * 1972-06-27 1974-12-17 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Liquid crystal cells
US3864905A (en) * 1973-11-14 1975-02-11 Hoffmann La Roche Horological instrument incorporating means for illuminating a liquid crystal display
US3853391A (en) * 1973-12-21 1974-12-10 Rca Corp Fabrication of liquid crystal devices

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4068923A (en) * 1975-08-27 1978-01-17 Dai Nippon Insatsu Kabushiki Kaisha Electro-optical cell
US4240710A (en) * 1977-09-06 1980-12-23 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Holding plate for a twisted nematic alignment field effect mode (TNFEM) liquid crystal display
US5321539A (en) * 1991-02-04 1994-06-14 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Liquid crystal Fabry-Perot etalon with glass spacer
US5594569A (en) * 1993-07-22 1997-01-14 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US5818557A (en) * 1993-07-22 1998-10-06 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US8396690B2 (en) 1993-07-22 2013-03-12 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US20070236647A1 (en) * 1993-07-22 2007-10-11 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US8243233B2 (en) 1993-07-22 2012-08-14 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US8212968B2 (en) 1993-07-22 2012-07-03 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US20100085527A1 (en) * 1993-07-22 2010-04-08 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US20090284701A1 (en) * 1993-07-22 2009-11-19 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US20090269873A1 (en) * 1993-07-22 2009-10-29 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US7561246B2 (en) 1993-07-22 2009-07-14 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US7227603B1 (en) 1993-07-22 2007-06-05 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Liquid-crystal electro-optical apparatus and method of manufacturing the same
US6468844B1 (en) 1997-07-14 2002-10-22 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Preparation method of semiconductor device
US20070161236A1 (en) * 1997-11-27 2007-07-12 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd Semiconductor device and process for producing the same
US7202497B2 (en) 1997-11-27 2007-04-10 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device
US7192865B1 (en) 1997-11-27 2007-03-20 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Semiconductor device and process for producing the same
US20020000613A1 (en) * 1997-11-27 2002-01-03 Hisashi Ohtani Semiconductor device
US8440509B2 (en) 1997-11-27 2013-05-14 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Method for producing a semiconductor device by etch back process
US7403238B2 (en) 1997-11-28 2008-07-22 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Electrooptical device, method of manufacturing the same, and electronic equipment
US20050134753A1 (en) * 1997-11-28 2005-06-23 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Electrooptical device, method of manufacturing the same, and electronic equipment
US6856360B1 (en) 1997-11-28 2005-02-15 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Electrooptical device, method of manufacturing the same, and electronic equipment
US6947110B2 (en) * 2002-09-19 2005-09-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Liquid crystal display device
US20040066477A1 (en) * 2002-09-19 2004-04-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Liquid crystal display device
US10739650B1 (en) * 2019-03-05 2020-08-11 The Government of the United States of America, as represented the Secretary of the Navy Utilizing 2D h-BN nanosheets as the planar-alignment agent in an electro-optical liquid crystal device to improve its optical transmission

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1490446A (en) 1977-11-02
JPS5419300B2 (ja) 1979-07-13
JPS5126562A (ja) 1976-03-04
DE2538331B2 (de) 1978-05-18
DE2538331C3 (de) 1979-01-18
DE2538331A1 (de) 1976-03-18
FR2283499A1 (fr) 1976-03-26
CA1040295A (en) 1978-10-10
FR2283499B1 (ja) 1981-06-19

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