US3925993A - Process for the prevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils - Google Patents

Process for the prevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils Download PDF

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Publication number
US3925993A
US3925993A US478163A US47816374A US3925993A US 3925993 A US3925993 A US 3925993A US 478163 A US478163 A US 478163A US 47816374 A US47816374 A US 47816374A US 3925993 A US3925993 A US 3925993A
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United States
Prior art keywords
frost
filter layer
soil
rot
water
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Expired - Lifetime
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US478163A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wolfgang Roth
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Patheon Austria GmbH and Co KG
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Chemie Linz AG
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
    • E01C3/06—Methods or arrangements for protecting foundations from destructive influences of moisture, frost or vibration

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Process for the prevention of frost heaves in finegrained soils comprising the insertion of a large-pored filter layer which is protected on its upper and lower sides by a permeable, rot-proof web of fabric, felt or fleece.
  • This invention relates to a process for the prevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils, and in particular, the prevention of frost fractures in roads.
  • frost-resistant gravel The most effective precaution against frost damage was hitherto considered to be a replacement of the soil endangered by frost, up to the expected depth of penetration, by frost-resistant gravel. This requires a large material input of high-grade gravel.
  • the present invention involves inserting, for the purpose of interrupting the transport of water in the soil capillaries, in the region of the frost boundary, a largepored filter layer and locating, on both the upper and lower sides of the latter, a permeable, rot-proof web of fabric, felt or fleece in order to prevent contamination of the filter layer by fine soil particles from the adjacent soil layers. It becomes possible thereby to construct filter layers which destroy capillary action, from a thickness of as little as cm, without the danger being present of contamination by the adjacent soil.
  • the present invention provides a process for theprevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils, in particular of frost fractures in roads, which comprises interrupting the transport'of water in the soil capillaries in the region of the frost boundary by inserting, in the region of the frost boundary, a large-pored filter layer which is protected, on its upper and lower sides, against contamination by fine soil particles from the upper and lower adjacent soil layers by means of a permeable, rot-proof web of fabric, felt or fleece.
  • the filter layer may consist of loosely introduced grains which are rot-proofed and inert, such as gravel, slag or particles of plastics material, the inter-spaces between the grains having to be sufficiently large so that any seepage water present is not held in the filter layer by capillary action.
  • This capillary action is, for example, explained in a book by T. W. Lambe & R. V. Whitman, M.I.T. Soil Mechanics 1969, page 245, 246. Accordingly, a height of capillary saturation of 6 cm. is indicated for material of a grain size of d 0.82
  • the effect according to the invention is, however, achieved only if no capillary is filled with water over the entire height of the filter layer. For example, this is achieved if a layer with a thickness of at least 10 cm is inserted with a grain size of 4 mm. If the grain size is smaller, the layer thickness must be increased correspondingly, equally the layer thickness could be reduced with a larger grain size.
  • the filter layer used in the process according to the invention also may comprise a solid, porous body with appropriate pore dimensions, a mat form or plate form being contemplated in particular.
  • the depth at which the filter layer is inserted depends upon the depth of penetration of frost, which may be expected, into the soil material in situ or incorporated above the filter layer. In principle it should be aimed for the filter to lie below the 0C isotherm; however, with good technical strength properties of the base located above, it is also possible that a lowering of the frost boundary below the filter layer will not cause any damage.
  • the ice droplets then forming below the filter layer are kept within limits by the high applied load of base and carriageway surfacing.
  • the entire structure above the filter layer acts as a balancing layer for local heavings in the frost period as well as for traffic loads in the thawing period, during which the ice droplets under the filter melt. For this case, protection of the filter layer by a fine-pored, permeable web of fabric, felt or fleece is particularly important, because the softened soil would otherwise clog the filter pores.
  • the filter layer should be sloping like a roof, for better drainage, and be connected to the drains. If there is no longitudinal drain, the filter layer may be raised up at the sides, in order to avoid edge disturbances, care having to be taken that the infiltration of surface waters is prevented by sealing the top of the raised up edges. Edge disturbances also may be prevented by a lateral sealing of the soil layer, lying above the filter, with sealing webs.
  • the protection, according to the invention, of the roads against frost damage may be achieved if the filter layer is at least 10 cm. thick and, in the case of a loose filling, comprises grains with a minimum grain size of only 4 mm.
  • Suitable permeable, rot-proof webs are among all those consisting of thermoplastic synthetic resins such as polyolefins, polyvinyl chloride orpolyesters.
  • polyolefines are particularly preferred, particularly polypropylene, polyethylene and copolymers of propylene and ethylene.
  • 1 represents the carriageway surfacing which may be constructed in the customary way.
  • 2 represents the soil above the filter layer which should be load-bearing, but need not be frost-resistant, and thus may have a cohesive character. If the 0C isotherm is above the filter, then water infiltration from the lower soil layer 7 is not possible, since the pores of the filter layer are so large that they cannot be filled with water by capillary action and thus cannot act as a bridge for water infiltration between the upper soil layer 2 and the lower soil layer 7.
  • the upper web of fabric, felt or fleece 4 prevents the coarse filter grains from pressing intothe upper soil layer 2 and pre vents fine soil particles from this layer from penetrating the filter layer, by means of seepage water or otherwise.
  • Thelower web of fabric, felt of fleece 6 serves the purpose of protecting the filter layer 5 against being pressed into the lower soil layer 7. In addition, this layer 6 prevents a pumping-up of softened soil 7, in case the 0C isotherm 3 should sink below filter (see FIG. 2).
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the situation when the 0C isotherm 3 sinks into the lower soil layer 7. Whilst the upper soil layer 2 was unable, because the paths of water infiltration are interrupted by the filter layer 5, to take up any additional water from the lower soil layer 7, as the ice boundary migrated through, water infiltration is now possible. However, the formation of ice droplets in the soil layer 7 is hindered by the applied load of carriageway surfacing 1, upper soil layer 2 and filter layer 5 which are located above.
  • the upper layers l, 2 and 5 act as a balancing layer for more promounced local heavings if they occur.
  • the upper reach of the lower soil layer 7 has an increased water content, due to the melting of the ice droplets formed there, and thus a lower load-bearing capacity.
  • the lower web of fabric,felt or fleece 6 protects the filter layer against the penetration or pumping up" of softened soil material 7.
  • EXAMPLE on a loamy soil with a high water content.
  • a needlepunched fleece of polypropylene continuous filament, having a weight per unit area of 400 g/m and a tear strength of 16 kp/cm was inserted, and this fleece was covered with a layer, 20 cm deep, of round road stone with a grain size of IS to mm diameter.
  • the road stone layer was covered over with a polypropylene fleece of the same properties as the fleece under the round road stone. Filling-in with 40 cm of compactable material followed, and a 6 cm bitumen surface was applied.
  • the road which was a district road frequently used, showed no frost damage of any king after one winter.
  • a process for the preparation of frost heaves in fine-grained soils, in particular of frost fractures in roads which comprises interrupting the transport of water in the soil capillaries in the region of the frost boundary by inserting, in the region of the frost boundary, a large-pored filter layer of loosely introduced grains made of rot-proof inert material, the pores of said filter layer are of a dimension, that any seepage water present is not held in the filter layer by capillary action and is protected, on its upper and lower sides, against contamination by fine soil particles from the upper and lower adjacent soil layers by means of a water-permeable rot-proof web, selected from the group consisting of fabric and fleece made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin.
  • the filter layer of loosely introduced grains is a layer of gravel with a minimum grain size of 4 mm.
  • the rotproof web is made of a polyolefine, selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene and copolymers of propylene and ethylene.
  • the rotproof web is a polypropylene continuous filament fleece consolidated by needle punching and having a weight per unit area of -500 glm 5.
  • the filter layer is a gravel layer with a thickness of at least 10 cm, the grain size of the gravels being 8 to 50 mm.
  • a process for the prevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils, in particular of frost fractures in roads which comprises interrupting the transport of water in the soil capillaries in the region of the frost boundary by inserting, in the region of the frost boundary, a large-pored filter layer consisting of ,a solid porous body in the form of a plate made of rot-proof inert material, the pores of said filter layer are of a dimension, that any seepage water present is not held in the filter layer by capillary action and is protected, on its upper and lower sides, against contamination by fine soil particles from the upper and lower adjacent soil layers by means of a water-permeable rot-proof web, selected from the group consisting of fabric and fleece made of a thermoplastic synthetic resin.
  • the rotproof web is made of a polyolefine, selected from the 3,925,993 6 group Consisting of P yp y p y y and 10.
  • the copolymers of propylene and ethylene upper adjacent soil layer is laterally sealed with sealing 9.
  • the rocess accordin to claim 7 in which the rotproof is a polyprogylene continuous filament webs m order to prevent absorptron of water from the fleece consolidated by needle punching and having a 5 layers adjacent to the road constructionweight per unit area of l00-500 g/m

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Materials Applied To Surfaces To Minimize Adherence Of Mist Or Water (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
US478163A 1973-06-08 1974-06-10 Process for the prevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils Expired - Lifetime US3925993A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT505473A AT318693B (de) 1973-06-08 1973-06-08 Verfahren zur Verhinderung eines Wassertransportes aus tieferen Bodenschichten zur Eisgrenze in frostgefährdeten Böden

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3925993A true US3925993A (en) 1975-12-16

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US478163A Expired - Lifetime US3925993A (en) 1973-06-08 1974-06-10 Process for the prevention of frost heaves in fine-grained soils

Country Status (15)

Country Link
US (1) US3925993A (de)
JP (1) JPS5032705A (de)
AT (1) AT318693B (de)
BE (1) BE816058A (de)
CA (1) CA1005999A (de)
CH (1) CH582277A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2419013A1 (de)
DK (1) DK285174A (de)
FI (1) FI62161B (de)
FR (1) FR2232639B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1420900A (de)
IT (1) IT1011799B (de)
NL (1) NL163841C (de)
NO (1) NO137701C (de)
SE (1) SE407094B (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154553A (en) * 1976-12-13 1979-05-15 Seiken Reiki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of reducing frost heaving of ground
US4647258A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-03-03 Massarsch Karl R Arrangement in vibration isolation or vibration damping
WO1998001630A1 (de) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-15 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft Kapillarsperre zur oberflächenabdichtung
US20030178194A1 (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-25 Maxwell Andrews Method of reducing ground disturbance during freeze-thaw cycles and a subsurface insulation material
CN101956356A (zh) * 2010-09-01 2011-01-26 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 一种防止寒区道路翻浆的新型路基结构
CN114645492A (zh) * 2022-03-18 2022-06-21 中国矿业大学 一种聚丙烯酰胺溶液改性土体减缓冻胀变形的方法

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2510735C3 (de) * 1975-03-12 1981-06-25 Morlock, Günter, Dipl.-Phys., 7500 Karlsruhe Verwendung von mit energiereichen Strahlen gehärteten Kunststoff- oder Gummiabfallstücken für eine als Schüttung eingebrachte Frostschutzschicht im Unterbau einer Fahrbahnbefestigung
DE2534117C3 (de) * 1975-07-31 1981-04-30 Morlock, Günter, Dipl.-Phys., 7500 Karlsruhe Verwendung von Gummiabfallstücken für eine als Schüttung eingebrachte Frostschutzschicht im Unterbau von Fahrbahnbefestigungen
FR2468693A1 (fr) * 1979-10-31 1981-05-08 Intergreen France Procede de construction de sols stabilises et terrains realises selon ce procede
DE3206105A1 (de) * 1982-02-19 1983-09-01 Franzen, geb. Gräfin von Schönborn, Angela, 8031 Alling Allwetterboden fuer reitplaetze
DE3843974A1 (de) * 1988-12-27 1990-06-28 Alois Dold Tretschicht fuer reitplaetze
US5697730A (en) * 1995-07-21 1997-12-16 University Of Alaska Roadway having convection cooling for permafrost regions
DE102004006165B4 (de) * 2004-02-07 2007-01-18 Terraelast Ag Wasserdurchlässiger Bodenbelag und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Bodenbelags
CN113789777A (zh) * 2021-09-23 2021-12-14 福建润盈建设集团有限公司 一种冻土地基施工方法
CN115931675B (zh) * 2022-12-08 2024-04-26 中国地质大学（武汉） 一种岩土体温度-渗流-沉降可视化观测试验系统和方法

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1747125A (en) * 1928-06-06 1930-02-11 Guy F Murphy Road and street construction
US2402597A (en) * 1944-12-19 1946-06-25 Charles D Bourcier Emergency landing strip
US3670506A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-06-20 Rhodiaceta Process for stabilizing soils
US3818712A (en) * 1972-07-10 1974-06-25 Atlantic Richfield Co Frozen embankments

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1747125A (en) * 1928-06-06 1930-02-11 Guy F Murphy Road and street construction
US2402597A (en) * 1944-12-19 1946-06-25 Charles D Bourcier Emergency landing strip
US3670506A (en) * 1968-12-31 1972-06-20 Rhodiaceta Process for stabilizing soils
US3818712A (en) * 1972-07-10 1974-06-25 Atlantic Richfield Co Frozen embankments

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4154553A (en) * 1976-12-13 1979-05-15 Seiken Reiki Kabushiki Kaisha Method of reducing frost heaving of ground
US4647258A (en) * 1984-10-19 1987-03-03 Massarsch Karl R Arrangement in vibration isolation or vibration damping
WO1998001630A1 (de) * 1996-07-05 1998-01-15 Bilfinger + Berger Bauaktiengesellschaft Kapillarsperre zur oberflächenabdichtung
US20030178194A1 (en) * 2002-03-20 2003-09-25 Maxwell Andrews Method of reducing ground disturbance during freeze-thaw cycles and a subsurface insulation material
US6854935B2 (en) * 2002-03-20 2005-02-15 Maxwell Andrews Method of reducing ground disturbance during freeze-thaw cycles and a subsurface insulation material
CN101956356A (zh) * 2010-09-01 2011-01-26 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 一种防止寒区道路翻浆的新型路基结构
CN101956356B (zh) * 2010-09-01 2012-05-23 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 一种防止寒区道路翻浆的新型路基结构
CN114645492A (zh) * 2022-03-18 2022-06-21 中国矿业大学 一种聚丙烯酰胺溶液改性土体减缓冻胀变形的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO137701C (no) 1980-01-28
DK285174A (de) 1975-01-27
DE2419013A1 (de) 1975-01-02
NO137701B (no) 1977-12-27
JPS5032705A (de) 1975-03-29
AT318693B (de) 1974-11-11
FI62161B (fi) 1982-07-30
CA1005999A (en) 1977-03-01
FR2232639B1 (de) 1978-10-13
FI131074A (de) 1974-12-09
FR2232639A1 (de) 1975-01-03
GB1420900A (en) 1976-01-14
NL163841B (nl) 1980-05-16
NL163841C (nl) 1980-10-15
NL7406320A (de) 1974-12-10
SE407094B (sv) 1979-03-12
IT1011799B (it) 1977-02-10
CH582277A5 (de) 1976-11-30
SE7407528L (de) 1974-12-09
NO741873L (de) 1975-01-06
BE816058A (fr) 1974-12-09

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