US3922458A - Vitreous enamelling - Google Patents

Vitreous enamelling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3922458A
US3922458A US420237A US42023773A US3922458A US 3922458 A US3922458 A US 3922458A US 420237 A US420237 A US 420237A US 42023773 A US42023773 A US 42023773A US 3922458 A US3922458 A US 3922458A
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United States
Prior art keywords
enamel
coating
fusing
enamels
temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US420237A
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English (en)
Inventor
Francis Bernard Lynch
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Curran Oils Ltd
Original Assignee
Curran Oils Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to GB5450472A priority Critical patent/GB1457502A/en
Priority to AU62773/73A priority patent/AU6277373A/en
Priority to DE2358167A priority patent/DE2358167A1/de
Priority to NL7316018A priority patent/NL7316018A/xx
Priority to FR7341837A priority patent/FR2213354B3/fr
Priority to BE138093A priority patent/BE807721A/xx
Priority to LU68850A priority patent/LU68850A1/xx
Priority to JP48132085A priority patent/JPS5094015A/ja
Application filed by Curran Oils Ltd filed Critical Curran Oils Ltd
Priority to US420237A priority patent/US3922458A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3922458A publication Critical patent/US3922458A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
    • C23D5/00—Coating with enamels or vitreous layers
    • C23D5/08—Applying enamels non-uniformly over the surface
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J36/00—Parts, details or accessories of cooking-vessels
    • A47J36/02—Selection of specific materials, e.g. heavy bottoms with copper inlay or with insulating inlay
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C4/00—Compositions for glass with special properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C2207/00—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels
    • C03C2207/04—Compositions specially applicable for the manufacture of vitreous enamels for steel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
    • Y10T428/131—Glass, ceramic, or sintered, fused, fired, or calcined metal oxide or metal carbide containing [e.g., porcelain, brick, cement, etc.]
    • Y10T428/1317—Multilayer [continuous layer]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24926—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including ceramic, glass, porcelain or quartz layer

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A method of applying a decorative enamel surface to a steel article such as a cooking vessel in which a first layer of enamel is applied and fused at high temperature and a pattern of a second enamel or ceramic ink is applied and fused at high temperature, such that the two enamels react chemically and physically and some physical movement of the enamels occurs so that the base surface is partly exposed, thus providing an effect similar to glazed earthenware or pottery.
  • VITREOUS ENAMELLING This invention relates to the decorating and coating of metallic surfaces by vitreous enamelling and the invention is particularly though not exclusively applicable to the enamelling of steel vessels or pans for domestic purposes.
  • the present invention by comparison is based on the discovery of a special enamelling process which can in some cases be made to resemble decorated earthenware or pottery, an effect which has hitherto been found impossible or extremely difficult to produce on an enamelled metal article.
  • the invention consists in a method of decorating a metallic object by vitreous enamelling, in which two different enamels are applied, having different melting points, and the enamels are heated to a fusing temperature for long enough to cause reaction between the two enamels and some physical movement.
  • one of the two enamels is applied over the other and is of sufficient thickness to provide a relief or raised effect in the final product.
  • the enamel materials should be such that the reaction product produced during the fusing process exhibits surface tension in relation to the underlying surface such that the body of material forming the reaction product tends to stand up proud of the surface.
  • the fusing process is continued for a period of at least minutes and preferably approximately 30 minutes, but by suitable choice of enamel materials it may be possible to reduce the fusing period.
  • the overlying enamel is applied as a relatively thick layer having a thickness of at least 0.005 inch.
  • one of the two enamels will be an alkali-borosilicate glass cover coat containing an oxide pigment and this is fused before the second enamel is applied, and preferably the second enamel applied over the first enamel has a softening point which is at least 50C below the softening point of the underlying enamel.
  • the two enamels are applied over an underlying enamel ground coat, conveniently formed of an alkali-boro-silicate glass, and preferably the second overlying enamel is a ceramic screening ink as used for decorating vitreous enamels, glass or pottery, consisting of finely ground glass with a pigment in a fluid medium such as pine oil.
  • the second enamel may be of any colour but in some examples it is desirable that it should be of approximately the same color as the underlying enamel.
  • the metal article should be formed of de-carburized steel or low carbon steel containing not more than 0.005 percent carbon, and resis- 2 tant to thermal distortion or sag at the fusing temperature of the enamels, i.e., up to about 750 to 800C for an extended period.
  • the fusing operation is continued until portions of the underlying surface (e.g., the ground coat) become visible.
  • the decorated surface is positioned in a vertical or inclined plane during fusing and fusing is continued until there is some downward flow of the reaction material.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional side elevation through a typical steel pan before enamelling, in an inverted position
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation illustrating the final decorated pan
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic sectional view on an enlarged scale through part of the side wall of the pan showing the decorative enamel layers before the final fusing operation
  • FIG. 4 is a similar diagrammatic sectional view illustrating part of the surface of the side wall after the final fusing operation
  • FIG. 5 is a front view on an enlarged scale illustrating the final appearance of this portion of the enamelled side wall.
  • the basic steel pan l0 illustrated in FIG. 1 is formed from a sheet steel blank, the steel preferably being decarburized low carbon steel containing not more than 0.005 percent carbon.
  • This steel has the desirable property that at the fusing temperatures of the order of 850C it is not subject to thermal distortion or sag which might result in an undesirable change of shape due to the relatively prolonged fusing process.
  • the base 11 of the pan will remain flat.
  • the first stage of the process is to apply a conventional enamel ground coat 15 to the internal and external surface 12, 13.
  • This is preferably an alkali-boro-silicate glass and may contain some cobalt.
  • the alkali constituent may for example be sodium, and/or potassium, and/or lithium.
  • the material is produced in conventional manner in the form of a slip by grinding the glass to a fine slurry and this is then applied by spraying or dipping, after which it is dried and then fused at a temperature of for example 840C for a period of 4 to 6 minutes. This produces a blue-black enamel ground coat over the whole pan, inside and out.
  • an enamel cover coat 16 of the desired color is an alkali-borosilicate glass containing an oxide pigment which in the present example is preferably selected to produce an ochre or brown colour when fused.
  • This cover coat l6 ' is applied as a slip in the same way over the whole surface and is fused at a slightly lower temperature of between 780 and 840C (preferably about 820C) for 4 to 6 minutes.
  • a further pattern of a second enamel 17 is then applied using a ceramic screening ink selected to have a melting or softening point which is preferably lower than that of the cover coat.
  • a ceramic screening ink selected to have a melting or softening point which is preferably lower than that of the cover coat.
  • the screening ink is preferably a ceramic screening ink as used for decorating vitreous enamels, glass or pottery and consisting of very finely ground glass or frit, with a pigment, in a liquid medium such as pine oil.
  • the term screening ink implies that the ink can pass through a silk screen and conventional silk screens have a mesh size of about 280 to 300 holes per linear inch.
  • the layer of screening ink 17 should be relatively thick in comparison with the normal thickness at which such inks are applied, which is conventionally of the order of 0.001 to 0.003 inch
  • the screening ink layer in performing the present invention may have a thickness of about 0.005 to 0.008 inch or more. The thickness is important in providing sufficient material to react with the underlying cover coat l6 and also to provide sufficient material for the final desired relief or raised effect.
  • the screening ink pattern may be applied in various different ways, for example through a stencil or by hand brushing or a wax-resist process, or by transfer, or more conveniently through a silk screen: in the latter case in order to provide sufficient thickness it is preferable to use an ink with a particle size designed for a 280 mesh screen but to use a coarse screen with a mesh size of about 50 holes per linear inch.
  • the screening ink pigment is so chosen that the colour of the reaction product 18 (see FIG. 4) with the cover coat is also brown and this gives a rustic pottery effect in the final product.
  • any color of screening ink may be used.
  • the screening ink pattern 17 is then dried, after which the final fusing operation is then performed.
  • this is a heating process at a temperature of approximately 800C for a period of about 30 minutes, considerably longer than in a conventional enamel fusing process of about minutes for normal thin gauge metal as used in cookware, e.g. about 0.048 inch thickness or less.
  • the screening ink 17 fuses and reacts and combines with the underlying cover coat 16 which it modifies, and the reaction product 18 becoming soft or molten tends to draw away from the adjacent areas 20 of cover coat where no screening ink is applied thus exposing bands of the dark undercoat 21 at the boundary of each screening ink area.
  • the plastic or fluid reaction product material also tends to rise up clear of the surface as a result of surfacetension and/or gravity and produces a relief pattern as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the boundaries of the surrounding cover coat are blurred or' tattered as shown in FIG. 5 and in some cases portions of the soft or molten reaction product tend to flow downwards over adjacent parts of the adjoining cover
  • the duration of this fusing stage can be varied to some extent in accordance with the fusing temperature and the melting pointsof the materials. For example if the temperature is raised to about 840C the time of the 5 process may be reduced to about 15 minutes and by suitable choice of materials the time may be further reduced to minutes or less. If the temperature does not exceed about 780C the fusing time may have to be extended to about 45 minutes. With these prolonged l0 heating processes it is of some importance that the base metal should be of de-carburized steel or other metal capable of standing up to these temperatures without distortion.
  • Ground Coat This consists of three different frits which are subsequently milled with additions to produce a final slurry for application to the basic metal.
  • the composition of the three frits A, B, and C is as follows (parts by weight):
  • Each frit composition is placed separately in a furnace and smelted at about [200 to 1300C for approximately 1% hours.
  • the materials react and some gases are driven off, and the product is a molten glass like substance which is quenched by pouring into cold water, and shatters into very fine frit particles.
  • the chemical analysis of these frit products is as follows (parts by weight):
  • the mixture is then milled for about 8 hours to produce a fine slurry such that when a 50 cc sample is passed through a 200 mesh sieve (having 200 holes per linear inch) approximately 9 gms of the material will remain on the sieve.
  • the resultant slurry is then applied to the base metal surface of the pan 10, by dipping or spraying. It is dried to remove water and then fired at 840C for approximately 4 minutes.
  • cover coat enamel 16 is prepared as follows: First the frit is prepared having the following composition in parts by weight.
  • the frit is dried and milled in a dry condition to a very fine powder which will pass through a 280 or 300 mesh sieve. 100 parts by weight of this powder are mixed with 40 parts of pine oil and 10 parts of an ochre oxide pigment which may contain a flux such as Borax so that the melting point of the pigment is close to the melting point of the screening enamel itself. The mixture is milled again to produce a pasty material which will pass through a 50 mesh screen. This paste is then applied in a pattern through a stencil or silk screen over the cover coat 16.
  • a method of vitreous-enamel decorating of an object formed of de-carbonized or low carbon steel comprising the steps of; applying a first coating of enamel having a first melting temperature, heating said first coating of enamel to said first melting temperature to fuse said enamel to the object, applying in a controlled pattern a second coating of enamel over said first coating, said second coating of enamel having a second melting temperature different from said first melting temperature, heating said second coating of enamel to a fusing temperature to cause said first and second coatings of enamel to become flowable and timing said .fusing temperature until there is physical movement of the two enamels relative to the object being coated thereby forming a surface having a relief raised effect conforming substantially to said controlled pattern.
  • said first enamel is an alkali-boro-silicate glass cover coat containing an oxide pigment.
  • said second enamel is a ceramic screening ink consisting of finely ground glass with a pigment in a fluid medium.
  • a metallic houseware article comprising; a body formed of decarbonized or low carbon sheet steel, a first coating of enamel formed on said body, a second coating of a different enamel over said first coating and applied thereto in a predetermined pattern, said first and second coatings of enamel being combined to form a surface having a relief raised effect corresponding to said predetermined pattern.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)
  • Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
US420237A 1972-11-24 1973-11-29 Vitreous enamelling Expired - Lifetime US3922458A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5450472A GB1457502A (en) 1972-11-24 1972-11-24 Vitreous enamelling
AU62773/73A AU6277373A (en) 1972-11-24 1973-11-21 Improvements relating to vitreous enamelling
DE2358167A DE2358167A1 (de) 1972-11-24 1973-11-22 Verfahren zum auftragen eines dekorativen ueberzuges auf metallische gegenstaende
NL7316018A NL7316018A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-24 1973-11-22
FR7341837A FR2213354B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-24 1973-11-23
BE138093A BE807721A (fr) 1972-11-24 1973-11-23 Emaillage vitreux
LU68850A LU68850A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-24 1973-11-23
JP48132085A JPS5094015A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-11-24 1973-11-24
US420237A US3922458A (en) 1972-11-24 1973-11-29 Vitreous enamelling

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB5450472A GB1457502A (en) 1972-11-24 1972-11-24 Vitreous enamelling
US420237A US3922458A (en) 1972-11-24 1973-11-29 Vitreous enamelling

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US3922458A true US3922458A (en) 1975-11-25

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US420237A Expired - Lifetime US3922458A (en) 1972-11-24 1973-11-29 Vitreous enamelling

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US (1) US3922458A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5094015A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU6277373A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE807721A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2358167A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2213354B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1457502A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
LU (1) LU68850A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7316018A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056648A (en) * 1975-06-16 1977-11-01 Denbyware Limited Transfers
US4103052A (en) * 1976-03-31 1978-07-25 National Gypsum Company Two-way window grid
US4959256A (en) * 1987-12-30 1990-09-25 Seb S.A. Enamel coating charged with glass beads for the bottom of cooking utensils and utensils coated in this manner
USD375433S (en) 1994-06-13 1996-11-12 Pi-Design Ag Cooking pan
USD449204S1 (en) 1999-12-23 2001-10-16 Clad Metals Llc Cooking vessel
US6331328B1 (en) * 1998-01-09 2001-12-18 Meyer Mfg Co. Method for applying silkscreen pattern to cookware
US20030096121A1 (en) * 2001-11-20 2003-05-22 Marvin James Michael Magnetically receptive ramekin
US20040081858A1 (en) * 2002-07-06 2004-04-29 Noritake Co., Limited Fine feldspathic earthenware and process of manufacturing the same
USD496555S1 (en) 2002-08-17 2004-09-28 Fissler Gmbh Cooking vessel
USD537672S1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2007-03-06 T.V.S. S.P.A. Pot for cooking
EP2596726A1 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2013-05-29 Seb Sa Article comprenant un revêtement thermostable doté d'un décor au moins bichrome en tons continus et procédé de fabrication d'un tel article
RU2549792C2 (ru) * 2013-07-05 2015-04-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Костромской государственный технологический университет" Способ получения декоративной эмалевой поверхности металлов
GB2535172B (en) * 2015-02-10 2019-10-30 A J Wells & Sons Embossed vitreous enamel coating and method of forming the same
FR3099188A1 (fr) * 2019-07-23 2021-01-29 Marie OBERLIN Procédé de fabrication d’une pièce et bijou associé
CN114368245A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-19 张柳松 一种不锈钢瓷画的制作方法

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5338940Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-11-27 1978-09-20
DE2634843C3 (de) * 1976-08-03 1981-11-19 Ferro Holland B.V., Rotterdam Verfahren zum Dekorieren eines Metallgegenstandes mit Hilfe von Dekoremails
JPS5354948U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-10-13 1978-05-11
JPS5534658A (en) * 1978-09-01 1980-03-11 Tetsumi Ejiri Painting method for cloisonne pattern on enameled product
AT430U3 (de) * 1995-07-27 1996-05-28 Neumayr Marketing Gmbh Emaillierverfahren
JP6524382B2 (ja) * 2017-10-03 2019-06-05 直文 蕨 気泡を内包したガラス層を具備した金属又はセラミックスとガラスの複合体
DE102020122315B4 (de) 2020-08-26 2022-09-15 Franz Kaldewei Gmbh & Co. Kg Emailprodukt sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Emailproduktes

Citations (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US279094A (en) * 1883-06-05 Emile kegreisz
US1898500A (en) * 1930-05-19 1933-02-21 Teller Stove Designing Corp Enamel decorating process
US1993196A (en) * 1931-03-13 1935-03-05 Porcelain Enamel And Mfg Compa Production of enameled articles carrying a gloss and matt finish
US2019676A (en) * 1933-02-07 1935-11-05 Enamelers Guild Inc Enamel ware
US2039548A (en) * 1935-05-11 1936-05-05 Moore Enameling And Mfg Compan Method of decorating enameled ware
US3773549A (en) * 1971-11-30 1973-11-20 Union Carbide Corp Ceramic coated porous metal structure and process therefor
US3829326A (en) * 1972-01-27 1974-08-13 Ngk Insulators Ltd Glasslined product and a process for glasslining

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US279094A (en) * 1883-06-05 Emile kegreisz
US1898500A (en) * 1930-05-19 1933-02-21 Teller Stove Designing Corp Enamel decorating process
US1993196A (en) * 1931-03-13 1935-03-05 Porcelain Enamel And Mfg Compa Production of enameled articles carrying a gloss and matt finish
US2019676A (en) * 1933-02-07 1935-11-05 Enamelers Guild Inc Enamel ware
US2039548A (en) * 1935-05-11 1936-05-05 Moore Enameling And Mfg Compan Method of decorating enameled ware
US3773549A (en) * 1971-11-30 1973-11-20 Union Carbide Corp Ceramic coated porous metal structure and process therefor
US3829326A (en) * 1972-01-27 1974-08-13 Ngk Insulators Ltd Glasslined product and a process for glasslining

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4056648A (en) * 1975-06-16 1977-11-01 Denbyware Limited Transfers
US4103052A (en) * 1976-03-31 1978-07-25 National Gypsum Company Two-way window grid
US4959256A (en) * 1987-12-30 1990-09-25 Seb S.A. Enamel coating charged with glass beads for the bottom of cooking utensils and utensils coated in this manner
USD375433S (en) 1994-06-13 1996-11-12 Pi-Design Ag Cooking pan
US6331328B1 (en) * 1998-01-09 2001-12-18 Meyer Mfg Co. Method for applying silkscreen pattern to cookware
EP0928639A3 (en) * 1998-01-09 2002-06-19 Meyer Manufacturing Co., Ltd Method for applying silkscreen pattern to cookware
USD449204S1 (en) 1999-12-23 2001-10-16 Clad Metals Llc Cooking vessel
US20030096121A1 (en) * 2001-11-20 2003-05-22 Marvin James Michael Magnetically receptive ramekin
US20040081858A1 (en) * 2002-07-06 2004-04-29 Noritake Co., Limited Fine feldspathic earthenware and process of manufacturing the same
US7175924B2 (en) * 2002-07-06 2007-02-13 Noritake Co., Limited Fine feldspathic earthenware and process of manufacturing the same
US20070110903A1 (en) * 2002-07-06 2007-05-17 Noritake Co., Limited Fine feldspathic earthenware and process of manufacturing the same
USD496555S1 (en) 2002-08-17 2004-09-28 Fissler Gmbh Cooking vessel
USD537672S1 (en) * 2004-01-27 2007-03-06 T.V.S. S.P.A. Pot for cooking
EP2596726A1 (fr) * 2010-12-23 2013-05-29 Seb Sa Article comprenant un revêtement thermostable doté d'un décor au moins bichrome en tons continus et procédé de fabrication d'un tel article
RU2549792C2 (ru) * 2013-07-05 2015-04-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Костромской государственный технологический университет" Способ получения декоративной эмалевой поверхности металлов
GB2535172B (en) * 2015-02-10 2019-10-30 A J Wells & Sons Embossed vitreous enamel coating and method of forming the same
FR3099188A1 (fr) * 2019-07-23 2021-01-29 Marie OBERLIN Procédé de fabrication d’une pièce et bijou associé
CN114368245A (zh) * 2021-12-23 2022-04-19 张柳松 一种不锈钢瓷画的制作方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5094015A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-26
NL7316018A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-28
AU6277373A (en) 1975-05-22
FR2213354A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-02
LU68850A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-28
GB1457502A (en) 1976-12-01
BE807721A (fr) 1974-03-15
DE2358167A1 (de) 1974-05-30
FR2213354B3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-08

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