US3903393A - Thermal printing head - Google Patents
Thermal printing head Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3903393A US3903393A US383955A US38395573A US3903393A US 3903393 A US3903393 A US 3903393A US 383955 A US383955 A US 383955A US 38395573 A US38395573 A US 38395573A US 3903393 A US3903393 A US 3903393A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- printing head
- conductive
- thermal printing
- resistive
- members
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
- B41J2/33505—Constructional details
- B41J2/33515—Heater layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
- B41J2/3355—Structure of thermal heads characterised by materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
- B41J2/33555—Structure of thermal heads characterised by type
- B41J2/3357—Surface type resistors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/335—Structure of thermal heads
- B41J2/3358—Cooling arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
- B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
- B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
- B41J2/315—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material
- B41J2/32—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads
- B41J2/345—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by selective application of heat to a heat sensitive printing or impression-transfer material using thermal heads characterised by the arrangement of resistors or conductors
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49083—Heater type
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49099—Coating resistive material on a base
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49082—Resistor making
- Y10T29/49101—Applying terminal
Definitions
- This invention relates to a printing head and more particularly to a-thermal printing head.
- Thick-film thermal printing heads in use today have resistive members secured on a ceramic substrate which are connected to a common conductive member and respective conductive members, both being also secured on such substrate. These thick-film printing heads use a substrate that has a relatively high thermal conductivity which causes a high proportion of available heat to be wasted and not transferred to the paper. A layer of insulating material can be applied onto the substrate under the resistors to impede the heat loss, but this is an extra processing step which adds complexity and cost.
- the longitudinal configuration of normally printed thick-film resistive members is typically undulating such that the center area, where the highest concentration of heat is located, is disposed lower than areas on each side thereof, thereby preventing proper printing on the thermally sensitive paper.
- the present invention is directed to a thermal printing head which includes a substrate having low thermal conductivity to reduce heat loss, so that a relatively large proportion of the heat generated by the resistive members is available to cause the thermally sensitive paper to change color and formulate information thereon.
- the configuration of the resistive members is such that a substantially planar top surface is provided by each resistive member to provide a large surface area for engagement by the thermally sensitive paper to ensure the discoloration thereof via the heated resistive members.
- a heat sink is provided on the substrate to prevent overheating of the substrate which prevents general smearing of the paper.
- the thickness of the conductive strips is typically less and the thickness of the resistive members is also typically less than is used in conventional thick-film devices to ensure proper paper contact.
- the printing resistors can be formed by laser cutting continuous resistive bar between conductive paths to form individual resistive members or they can be screen printed to form closely adjacent resistive members interconnected by necked-down sections.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a thermal printing head which uses a substrate of low thermal conductivity.
- Another object of the present invention is the provi sion of a thermal printing head which has positive paper contact by use of relatively resistive members.
- a further object of this invention is to provide a thermal printing head wherein the paper-engaging surfaces of the resistive members are substantially flat to provide large areas of contact for the thermally sensitive paper.
- An additional object of the present invention is to provide a thermal printing head having resistive members which have an optimum configuration for enabling the thermally sensitive paper to engage the highest temparative portion of the resistors to cause a maximum of color change in the paper.
- Still another object of this invention is the provision of a thermal printing head having a heat sink to prevent the substrate of the printing head from overheating and thereby prevent smearing of the thermally sensitive paper.
- a still further object of the present invention in one embodiment is the use of a laser to cut through the continuous bar of resistive material to separate it into discrete resistive members.
- a still additional object of this invention in another embodiment is the provision of individually separated resistive members screen printed onto the conductive members which eliminates the laser cutting requirement.
- FIG. 1 is a part perspective view of one embodiment of a thermal printing head of this invention
- FIG. 2 is a top plan view of part of the thermal printing head of FIG. 1;
- FIGS. 3 and 4 are cross-sectional views taken along lines 33 and 44 of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5 is a part perspective view of another embodiment of the thermal printing head
- FIG. 6 is a top plan view of part of the thermal printing head of FIG. 5;
- FIGS. 7 and 8 are cross-sectional views taken along lines 7-7 and 88 of FIG. 5.
- a thermal printing head TPH which comprises a ceramic substrate 10, common conductive members 12, resistive members 14, conductive members 16 and heat sink l8.
- Ceramic substrate 10 is preferably composed of a material having low thermal conductivity, and the use of forsterite, which is a composition of principally magnesium oxide and silicon oxide, has provided excellent operating results; however, any material of comparable or lower thermal conductivity capable of withstanding thick-film processing can be used.
- the use of lower thermally conductive material in the substrate reduces power required by reducing heat loss.
- Conductive members 12 and 16 are screen printed with gold conductive paste onto a surface of substrate 10 in accordance with a predetermined pattern as shown so that the inner ends of conductive members 16 are disposed at right angles to conductive member 12 and spaced therefrom. The substrate and paste are tired in an oven at the proper temperature to fix the paste as conductive members.
- a continuous bar of resistive paste is screen printed across conductive members 12 and 16 so that it fills the spaces between the inner ends of conductive members 16 and conductive member 12 as well as lapping over and onto small areas of these conductive members as shown in FIG. 3.
- the resistive paste is a conventional rheology ruthenate thick-film resistor paste. Firing fixes the resistive paste on the substrate so that it extends above the conductive members 12 and 16 in a ratio of about 2:1.
- the thickness of the conductive members I2 and 16 is about one-half the thickness of conventional thick-film conductive members so that the thickness of conductive members 12 and I6 and resistive members 14 is quite thin compared to corresponding conductive members and resistive members of existing thermal printing heads.
- the conductive members can be thin because a glass-free noble-metal conductive ink capable of bonding directly to the sub strate can be used.
- a conventional YAG laser trimmer is used to cut the resistive bar between the conductive members 16 as shown at 20 to separate the resistive bar into discrete resistive members 14 having a substantially rectangular configuration connected between common conductive member 12 and respective conductive members 16 so that when current is conducted along a selected conductive member 16 in accordance with well known circuit means, which need not be disclosed for the understanding of the present invention, the resistive member 14 connected thereto will be heated and the heat generated thereby will discolor thermally sensitive paper 22 as it is moved along the thermal printing head to mark indicia thereon.
- the laser enables a controlled cut to be made such that the continuous resistive bar is cut into discrete resistive members, the laser beam cuts slightly into the substrate to provide better thermal isolation between the discrete resistive members, a planar top surface of the resistive members is attained which provides greater paper contact area and this provides greater dot area on the thermally sensitive paper thereby providing better resolution of the indicia and closer spacing between the discrete resistive members is achieved by the laser cutting.
- the top surfaces of the resistive members 14 are substantially flat to provide large areas for engagement by the thermally sensitive paper as well as to enable the paper to engage the area of greatest heat concentration of the resistive members to discolor same.
- the paper contacts the resistive members over substantially all of their paper-engaging surfaces which provides close dot spacing and large dots.
- the heat sink 18 is preferably made of aluminum or other suitable heat sink material in order to prevent overheating of the substrate material thereby preventing smearing of the thermally sensitive paper.
- thermal printing head TPI-Ia is similar to thermal printing head TPI-I of FIGS. 1 4, except that resistive members 14a are diamond-shaped such that contact of a resistive member 14a to adjacent resistive members 14a is minimized via necked-down sections 24.
- the necked-down sections 24 provide high resistance paths so that each resistive member acts independently.
- the construction and method of making the thermal printing head of FIGS. 5 8 is the same as that of FIGS. 1 4 with the exception of the resistive members which are made separate initially and so need not be separated subsequently.
- the resistive members 14a have a substantially flat top surface defining the paperengaging surface for engagement by the thermally sensitive paper 220 to provide close dot spacing and large dots.
- the resistive members can be formed into clusters as shown in FIG. 2 with a discrete resistive member 26 between the clusters due to the continuous resistive bar being cut into discrete resistive members or the clusters of resistive members can be in separate clusters of a continuous resistive bar with no resistive material therebetween as shown in FIG. 6.
- the advantages of this invention include simplified processing, lower power usage, improved resolution due to large and substantially flat paper-engaging surfaces of the resistive members and ratio of thickness of resistive members to conductive members being large,
- a thermal printing head for thermally marking a thermally sensitive record material comprising:
- a substrate member of low thermal conductive material having at least one plane surface; a conductive member secured onto and extending along said plane surface of said substrate member;
- conductive means secured onto and extending along said plane surface of said substrate member and having inner ends spaced from said conductive member;
- resistive members secured onto said plane surface of said substrate member and into electrical engagement with said conductive member and respective ones of said conductive means, said resistive members having substantially flat top surfaces and being of about twice the thickness of said conductive member and said conductive means so that the passage of electrical current therethrough via said conductive means and said conductive member will produce a temperature rise of sufficient magnitude to produce a mark on thermally sensitive record material in engagement therewith.
- a thermal printing head according to claim I wherein said resistive members are disposed in a single line.
- a thermal printing head according to claim 1 wherein said resistive members have a substantially rectangular configuration.
- a thermal printing head according to claim 1 wherein said resistive members have a substantially diamond-shaped configuration.
- thermo printing head according to claim 1 wherein heat sink means is connected to said substrate member.
- a thermal printing head according to claim 5 wherein said heat sink means extends along a bottom surface of said substrate member.
Landscapes
- Electronic Switches (AREA)
- Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
Priority Applications (7)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US383955A US3903393A (en) | 1973-07-30 | 1973-07-30 | Thermal printing head |
GB2396874A GB1453002A (en) | 1973-07-30 | 1974-05-30 | Thermal printing head |
CA201,394A CA1034185A (en) | 1973-07-30 | 1974-05-31 | Thermal printing head |
NL7408759.A NL165688C (nl) | 1973-07-30 | 1974-06-28 | Thermische drukkop. |
FR7425802A FR2239347B1 (sv) | 1973-07-30 | 1974-07-18 | |
JP8557974A JPS5544710B2 (sv) | 1973-07-30 | 1974-07-25 | |
DE2436362A DE2436362A1 (de) | 1973-07-30 | 1974-07-27 | Thermodruckkopf und verfahren zu dessen herstellung |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US383955A US3903393A (en) | 1973-07-30 | 1973-07-30 | Thermal printing head |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US57249975A Division | 1975-04-28 | 1975-04-28 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3903393A true US3903393A (en) | 1975-09-02 |
Family
ID=23515463
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US383955A Expired - Lifetime US3903393A (en) | 1973-07-30 | 1973-07-30 | Thermal printing head |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3903393A (sv) |
JP (1) | JPS5544710B2 (sv) |
CA (1) | CA1034185A (sv) |
DE (1) | DE2436362A1 (sv) |
FR (1) | FR2239347B1 (sv) |
GB (1) | GB1453002A (sv) |
NL (1) | NL165688C (sv) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4048470A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1977-09-13 | Shinshu Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Exothermic printing head |
FR2427201A1 (fr) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-28 | Tektronix Inc | Machine a imprimer en couleur a transfert thermique |
US4241103A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1980-12-23 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing an integrated thermal printing head |
EP0033634A2 (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1981-08-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Thermal recording head |
US4401881A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1983-08-30 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Two-dimensional thermal head |
US4523235A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1985-06-11 | Jan Rajchman | Electronic microcopier apparatus |
US4837586A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image contrast by thermal printers |
EP0429071A2 (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-05-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | A thermal head and thermal transfer apparatus |
US5254838A (en) * | 1987-09-14 | 1993-10-19 | Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. | Igniter for electric ignition systems |
US5436642A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1995-07-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Recording process for forming imaging on novel recording medium |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5171145A (ja) * | 1974-12-17 | 1976-06-19 | Gen Corp | Netsuinjihetsudo |
JPS52120859U (sv) * | 1975-12-11 | 1977-09-13 | ||
JPS5625874Y2 (sv) * | 1977-12-05 | 1981-06-18 | ||
JPS5820472A (ja) * | 1981-07-31 | 1983-02-05 | Ricoh Co Ltd | サ−マルヘツド |
DE3241227C1 (de) * | 1982-11-09 | 1984-03-22 | F & O Electronic Systems GmbH & Co, 6901 Neckarsteinach | Thermodruckplatine für eine Thermodruckvorrichtung in Vielschicht-Dickfilmtechnik |
DE3300104C1 (de) * | 1983-01-04 | 1983-12-15 | F & O Electronic Systems GmbH & Co, 6901 Neckarsteinach | Thermodruckplatine fuer eine Thermodruckvorrichtung |
US4651168A (en) * | 1984-10-11 | 1987-03-17 | Yokogawa Hokushin Electric Corporation | Thermal print head |
JPS63181993U (sv) * | 1987-05-18 | 1988-11-24 | ||
JP2534047Y2 (ja) * | 1990-08-30 | 1997-04-30 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | 厚膜型サーマルヘッド |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2629166A (en) * | 1948-10-07 | 1953-02-24 | Int Resistance Co | Method of forming resistor assemblies |
US3395373A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1968-07-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Three-phase transformer having four core legs |
US3784951A (en) * | 1968-05-22 | 1974-01-08 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thin film resistors |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3478191A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1969-11-11 | Sprague Electric Co | Thermal print head |
US3495070A (en) * | 1967-05-29 | 1970-02-10 | Murray H Zissen | Thermal printing apparatus |
BR6802016D0 (pt) * | 1967-10-02 | 1973-01-11 | Ncr | Cabeca de impressao termica com elementos de impressao de pelicula fina |
JPS5032951A (sv) * | 1973-07-20 | 1975-03-29 |
-
1973
- 1973-07-30 US US383955A patent/US3903393A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1974
- 1974-05-30 GB GB2396874A patent/GB1453002A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-05-31 CA CA201,394A patent/CA1034185A/en not_active Expired
- 1974-06-28 NL NL7408759.A patent/NL165688C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1974-07-18 FR FR7425802A patent/FR2239347B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1974-07-25 JP JP8557974A patent/JPS5544710B2/ja not_active Expired
- 1974-07-27 DE DE2436362A patent/DE2436362A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2629166A (en) * | 1948-10-07 | 1953-02-24 | Int Resistance Co | Method of forming resistor assemblies |
US3395373A (en) * | 1966-08-31 | 1968-07-30 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Three-phase transformer having four core legs |
US3784951A (en) * | 1968-05-22 | 1974-01-08 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Thin film resistors |
Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4048470A (en) * | 1974-09-30 | 1977-09-13 | Shinshu Seiki Kabushiki Kaisha | Exothermic printing head |
US4241103A (en) * | 1977-05-31 | 1980-12-23 | Nippon Electric Co., Ltd. | Method of manufacturing an integrated thermal printing head |
FR2427201A1 (fr) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-28 | Tektronix Inc | Machine a imprimer en couleur a transfert thermique |
EP0033634A2 (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1981-08-12 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Thermal recording head |
EP0033634A3 (en) * | 1980-01-31 | 1982-03-31 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Thermal recording head |
US4401881A (en) * | 1980-03-21 | 1983-08-30 | Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Two-dimensional thermal head |
US4523235A (en) * | 1982-01-11 | 1985-06-11 | Jan Rajchman | Electronic microcopier apparatus |
US5254838A (en) * | 1987-09-14 | 1993-10-19 | Nippon Koki Co., Ltd. | Igniter for electric ignition systems |
US4837586A (en) * | 1988-01-28 | 1989-06-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Image contrast by thermal printers |
EP0429071A2 (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-05-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | A thermal head and thermal transfer apparatus |
EP0429071A3 (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1991-12-11 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | A thermal head and thermal transfer apparatus |
US5483274A (en) * | 1989-11-24 | 1996-01-09 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Thermal head and thermal transfer apparatus |
US5436642A (en) * | 1991-03-18 | 1995-07-25 | Ricoh Company, Ltd. | Recording process for forming imaging on novel recording medium |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL165688B (nl) | 1980-12-15 |
JPS5045650A (sv) | 1975-04-23 |
JPS5544710B2 (sv) | 1980-11-13 |
CA1034185A (en) | 1978-07-04 |
FR2239347B1 (sv) | 1979-09-21 |
FR2239347A1 (sv) | 1975-02-28 |
NL7408759A (nl) | 1975-02-03 |
GB1453002A (en) | 1976-10-20 |
NL165688C (nl) | 1981-05-15 |
DE2436362A1 (de) | 1975-02-20 |
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