US3894686A - Railroad crossing construction - Google Patents

Railroad crossing construction Download PDF

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Publication number
US3894686A
US3894686A US470819A US47081974A US3894686A US 3894686 A US3894686 A US 3894686A US 470819 A US470819 A US 470819A US 47081974 A US47081974 A US 47081974A US 3894686 A US3894686 A US 3894686A
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Prior art keywords
resin
base layer
filler
ballast
flexible
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Expired - Lifetime
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US470819A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lewis C Weinberg
John L Cabanski
Jr John C Moerk
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Fel Pro Inc
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Felt Products Mfg Co LLC
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Priority to US470819A priority Critical patent/US3894686A/en
Priority to BE156263A priority patent/BE828966A/xx
Priority to CA226,835A priority patent/CA1028673A/en
Priority to NL7505609A priority patent/NL7505609A/nl
Priority to CH614575A priority patent/CH603910A5/xx
Priority to GB20114/75A priority patent/GB1484760A/en
Priority to SE7505534A priority patent/SE7505534L/xx
Priority to ES437672A priority patent/ES437672A1/es
Priority to BR3770/75A priority patent/BR7502964A/pt
Priority to DE19752521520 priority patent/DE2521520A1/de
Priority to IT49612/75A priority patent/IT1035742B/it
Priority to FR7515183A priority patent/FR2271338A1/fr
Priority to AU81211/75A priority patent/AU8121175A/en
Priority to JP50058484A priority patent/JPS50161035A/ja
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Publication of US3894686A publication Critical patent/US3894686A/en
Assigned to FEL-PRO INCORPORATED reassignment FEL-PRO INCORPORATED ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FELT PRODUCTS MFG. CO., A CORP. OF DE
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C9/00—Special pavings; Pavings for special parts of roads or airfields
    • E01C9/04—Pavings for railroad level-crossings
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/30—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders of road-metal and other binders, e.g. synthetic material, i.e. resin

Definitions

  • the flexible center and side pads are bonded directly to the ballast and comprise a resilient base layer containing a Cured flexible thermoset resin and a filler of comminuted scrap rubber. and a resilient wear layer on top of the base layer and containing a cured flexible thermoset resin and a filler of finely divided rubber.
  • This invention relates to railroad crossing construc' tion. More particularly, this invention relates to a flexible crossing structure which is bonded directly to the ballast for the railroad track.
  • Vehicular traffic across railroad tracks is subject to shock, the severity of which is dependent on the speed and weight of the particular vehicles, but which may cause extensive damage to the suspensions, wheels and tires of the vehicles and thus high maintenance costs due to broken springs, misaligned front axles which result in unevenly wearing tires, and the like. It is not uncommon for vehicles to slow down substantially when approaching a railroad crossing in order to minimize the passenger discomfort that is experienced during crossing as well as to minimize the likelihood of damage to the vehicle itself. Vehicles having relatively small wheels, such as the so-called compact and subcompact automobiles, receive particularly severe jolts upon crossing.
  • small-wheeled utility vehicles of the type used in industrial operations, e.g., small tractors and lift trucks having solid rubber tires, which have to negotiate in-plant railroad crossings frequently during daily operations.
  • the wheels, suspension and frame of such utility vehicles can be damaged and delicate cargo may be broken or damaged during such crossings.
  • the impact on and the vibrations of the track rails due to the crossing traffic rapidly deteriorate the crossing structure and cause cracks and further roughness in the crossing surface.
  • the lateral impact of traffic on the rails may shift the rails laterally and may disturb or displace the track ballast so that the shape of the track at the crossing assumes an S-shaped configuration.
  • the impact of traffic on the rails tends to rotate the rails, thereby pulling out the spikes which secure the rails to the ties, and thus presenting a safety hazard.
  • Water from the roadway surface may seep down into the ballast through cracks in crossing surface and along the rails and will tend to further erode the ballast and the roadbed due to a pumping action which is experienced when a passing load bears down on the track above. That is, a water-and-gravel slurry is formed and is ejected outwardly as a weight bears down on the rail. Upon freezing in cold weather such water will also tend to break up the crossing surface.
  • the degree of attention a which the driver can be expected to devote to the crossing surface is directly related to the condition of that surface. If the surface is uneven, or if the driver expects the surface to be uneven, the driver will undoubtedly attempt to select the smoothest path over the crossing. The attention that the driver devotes to selecting the smoothest path could very well reduce the attention given to the observance of traffic signals or an approaching train. Furthermore, an unexpected encounter with a rough or uneven railroad crossing surface may cause the driver to lose control of the vehicle and may result in an accident. Thus, continuously providing a reasonably smooth railroad crossing surface is also important for elimination or reduction of hazards at railroad crossings.
  • a further object of this invention is to provide a railroad crossing structure which is resiliently compressible and readily absorbs vibrations, which is less susceptible to damage by the impacts and vibrations normally generated by crossing traffic, and which provides a relatively smooth and safe crossing surface.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide a crossing structure which is resistant to water damage and which substantially minimizes water penetration to the underlying track ballast and roadbed.
  • Yet another object of this invention is to provide a crossing structure which does not require spiking or drilling of cross ties for installation, which can be installed relatively quickly and with a minimal interference with rail traffic.
  • the present invention contemplates a railroad crossing structure for a paved roadway across at least a pair of spaced rails for guiding railroad vehicles which rails are mounted on cross tie means resting on ballast.
  • a flexible center pad means extends transversely between each pair of spaced rails, is bonded directly to the ballast and to the rails, and provides a roadway surface between the rails.
  • Flexible side pad means extend transversely between each segment of the paved roadway and the rail nearest thereto, are bonded directly to the ballast and are in a sealing engagement with the rail nearest thereto, and provide a roadway surface between the paved roadway and the adjacent rail.
  • Each flexible pad means preferably forms an elastic bond with an adjacent rail and comprises a base layer containing a cured flexible thermoset resin and a filler of comminuted scrap rubber, and a wear layer on top of the base layer and containing a cured flexible thermoset resin and a filler of finely divided scrap rubber, the scrap rubber preferably being formed from worn automobile tires.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a railroad crossing embodying the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional elevation taken along plane 22 in FIG. 1 and enlarged to show interior detail;
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional elevation taken along plane 3-3 in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional elevation of an embodiment of this invention using filler blocks.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional elevation taken along plane 5-5 in FIG. 1 at a location between two adjacent railroad ties.
  • FIG. 1 DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • rails and 11 are shown in parallel spaced relationship and mounted on a plurality of cross ties such as cross ties l2 and 13.
  • the cross ties are embedded in and rest on ballast 14 in a conventional manner.
  • the railroad crossing structure of this invention comprises flexible pads l5, l6 and 17 situated between segments 18 and 19 of a paved roadway. If desired, expansion joints 20 and 21 can be provided between pavement segment 18 and flexible side pad and between pavement segment 19 and adjacent flexible side pad 17, respectively.
  • the upper surface of flexible center pad 16 is provided with a suitable groove along both longitudinal edges so as to provide flangeways 22 and 23 which accommodate the wheel flanges of the railroad equipment.
  • a rail such as rail 10 is mounted on cross tie 24, as by means of a shouldered tie plate 25 and track spikes 26 and 27.
  • the resulting assembly rests on ballast 14 which provides the necessary support for the railroad track.
  • Flexible center pad 16 is cast in situ between rails 10 and 11 and extends therebetween.
  • Resilient base layer 28 is cast from a curable base layer composition which is an admixture of comminuted scrap rubber with a curable liquid resin composition.
  • the consistency of the base layer composition is such that a portion of the composition wets cross tie 24 and also ballast 14, preferably flowing at least partially between the individual particles of ballast l4 and forming a substantially continuous network of liquid interspersed with air, i.e., in a funicular state.
  • the liquid network forms elastic bridges 29 between individual particles of ballast 14 which tend to stabilize and hold ballast 14 together, even when subjected to vibrations of water pumping, without adversely affecting its usual function.
  • the need for retamping of the ballast after installation is obviated.
  • ballast l4 and cross tie 24 can be pretreated with the curable liquid resin composition alone to pre-wet ballast l4 and to form the desired liquid network before base layer 28 is cast thereover.
  • the liquid resin composition can be introduced below each cross tie by drilling spaced through holes in the tie and pouring the liquid resin therethrough.
  • the curable liquid resin composition forms an elastic bond between web 30 and flange 31 of rail 10 on one hand and flexible center pad 16 on the other. At any rate, the produced sealing engagement of the rails by the flexible pad prevents surface water from seeping downwardly therebetween and also electrically insulates the rails from the surroundings.
  • the elastic bond is capable of withstanding the vibrations generated by the crossing traffic as well as the usual deflection of the rails when a train passes over.
  • resilient wear layer 32 which is cast in situ from a wear layer composition which is an admixture of finely-divided rubber in a curable liquid resin composition which can be similar to or different from the liquid resin composition utilized in base layer 28 as long as the thermal coefficients of expansion for base layer 28 and wear layer 32 remain compatible.
  • the flangeways such as flangeway 22 can be conveniently formed during casting by inserting an appropriate form member adjacent to the inside of rail 10 while wear layer 32 is poured. Upon curing, wear layer 32 provides a smooth roadway surface without additional finishing.
  • Flexible side pads 15 and 17 are of the same construction as flexible center pad 16, and are formed in a similar manner, except that there is no need to form a flangeway along rails 10 and l l.
  • the side pads preferably extend transversely beyond the ends of the cross ties for a distance about equal to the height of the ties. That is, initially base layers 33 and 42 (FIG. 5) are cast over ballast 14 so as to wet at least a portion of the individual particles thereof and preferably to interconnect with base layer 28 below the rails in the regions between ties in a manner shown in FIG. 5.
  • the cast base layers also wet the cross ties such as cross tie 24 (FIG. 3) and portions of rails 10 and 11 (FIGS. 2 and 5).
  • Suitable expansion joints such as resilient strips 20 and 21 can be provided between flexible side pad 15 and adjacent pavement segment 18 and between flexible side pad 17 and adjacent pavement segment 19, if desired. Preferably the expansion joints adhere both to the pads and to the pavement segments.
  • FIG. 4 The use of bulk filler materials in the resilient pads of this invention is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • Precast concrete slabs 36 and 37 are situated on cross tie 38 on both sides of rail 10 which is mounted thereon by means of shouldered tie plate 39 and track spikes 40 and 41.
  • Base layer 33 surrounds slab 36 and sealingly engages one side of flange 31 of rail 10.
  • base layer 28 surrounds slab 37 and sealingly engages the other side of flange 3].
  • the base layer in the flexible crossing pads of this inmention is relatively thicker but more compressible than the wear layer; however, the relative thicknesses of the two layers are not overly critical.
  • the wear layer is about 0.5 to about 3 inches deep, as measured from the pad surface, and preferably about I inch to about 2 inches deep.
  • the relative amount of comminuted scrap rubber, such as chopped vehicle tires or the like, added to the curable liquid resin in the base layer composition can range from about 2 to about 6 parts by volume of scrap rubber to 1 part by volume of the curable resin composition.
  • the fillerto-curable resin volume ratio in the base layer is about 4:1 to about 6:1, respectively.
  • the particle size of comminuted scrap rubber which is used as the filler can vary but should not exceed about one-fourth to about three-fourths inch in the longest dimension. If desired, larger filler materials such as concrete filler blocks, aggregate blocks, stone blocks, fiberglass blocks, or the like can also be incorporated into the base layer by positioning such filler blocks on the cross ties, and then pouring the curable liquid resin-filler composition thereover.
  • Finely-divided rubber particles having a particle size range of about to 300 mesh are utilized as filler in the wear layer. Fine rubber buffings or finely-ground rubber from old tires and substantially free from tire cord particles are especially desirable filler materials for this purpose.
  • the volume ratio of filler-to-curable resin in the wear layer can be about 1:] to about 4:1, respectively. Preferably the volume ratio is about 3:l, respectively.
  • glycidyl ether resins cured to a flexible state and preferably having a tensile elongation of at least about 5 percent at break point.
  • Typical of such resins are diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol F, the glycidyl ethers of glycerol, epoxylated novolacs, and the like, which are derived from epichlorohydrin and a polyhydric material such as polynuclear polyhydroxy phenol, e.g., bisphenol A, bisphenol F, trihydroxyl diphenyl dimethyl methane, 4,4'-dihydroxy biphenyl, and the like, a polyol, e.g., ethylene glycol, 2,3-butane diol, erythritol, glycerol, and the like, a novolac resin and similar materials.
  • the aforementioned curable epoxy resins can be polymerized through the hydroxyl groups in the presence of suitable catalysts such as tertiary amines, inorganic bases, or the like, or the resin chains bearing the oxirane group can be joined by a reactive intermediate such as a polyfunctional primary amine or a polyfunctional secondary amine, i.e., cured, to produce a flexible thermoset resin.
  • suitable catalysts such as tertiary amines, inorganic bases, or the like
  • a reactive intermediate such as a polyfunctional primary amine or a polyfunctional secondary amine, i.e., cured, to produce a flexible thermoset resin.
  • suitable curing agents for this purpose are organic acids and acid anhydrides, BF; monoethylamine, and the like.
  • epoxy resins can be used as the sole ingredient in the liquid curable composition, or resinous modifiers or flexibilizers can be combined therewith.
  • Suitable modifiers are polyepoxides such as diglycidyl ether, butadiene dioxide, glycerol-based epoxy resins, alkylglycidyl ethers, phenylglycidyl ether, and the like.
  • Suitable flexibilizers also are thiol-terminated polysulfides which can be conveniently prepared by condensing organic polyhalides with inorganic polysulfides, the relatively higher molecular weight diisocyanates, e.g., a reaction product of tolylene diisocyanate and polybutane diol, the thermoplastic polyamide resins, polyether polythiols and the like, which will react with the epoxy resin chain and will impart flexibility to the resulting thermoset resin.
  • the relatively higher molecular weight diisocyanates e.g., a reaction product of tolylene diisocyanate and polybutane diol
  • the thermoplastic polyamide resins e.g., polyether polythiols and the like
  • a particularly preferred elastomer is the condensation product of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and an ethyl formal disulfide polymer of the general formula wherein n is of sufficient magnitude to provide an average molecular weight of about 400 to about 1200.
  • the weight ratio of diglycidyl ether resin to polysulfide polymer in the cured elastomer can range from about 5:1 to about [:2.
  • Suitable catalysts or curing agents for producing the foregoing diglycidyl ether resin-polysulfide resin condensation product are the dialkylaminoalkyl phenols such as dimethylaminomethyl phenol, 2,4,6- tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol, and the like, which can be present in an amount of about 0.7 to about 0.4 parts by weight.
  • a particularly preferred elastomer is a condensation product of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A with a low-viscosity, flexibilizing polyepoxide resin such as an aliphatic polyglycidyl ether commercially available from Celanese Coatings Co. under the designation EPl-REZ 505 and having an equivalent weight per epoxide of about 550-650, and viscosity at 77F. of about 300-400 cps, cured with an aliphatic amine such as a phenolic accelerated aliphatic polyamine commercially available from Celanese Coatings Co. under the designation EPl-CURE 874 and having an approximate equivalent weight of about 31 and viscosity at 77F.
  • flexibilizing polyepoxide resin such as an aliphatic polyglycidyl ether commercially available from Celanese Coatings Co. under the designation EPl-REZ 505 and having an equivalent weight per epoxide of about 550-650, and viscos
  • the diglycidyl ether resin and the flexibilizing polyepoxide resin in the cured elastomer can be present in a weight ratio of about 2:1 to about l:4, respectively.
  • about 0.75 parts by weight of the diglycidyl ether resin per 1 part by weight of the polyepoxide resin are used.
  • up to about 2.5 weight percent carbon black, based on the weight of the curable wear layer composition can be added as a colorant for the wear layer.
  • a copolymerizable resin such as a diglycidyl ether of an aliphatic alcohol, and the like can be used, if desired.
  • Suitable curing agents for the wear layer are aliphatic amines or polyamines, amideamine adducts, dimercaptans, aromatic amines, and the like, in an amount of about 0.5 to about 0.9 parts by weight.
  • Another suitable curable resin for forming the wear layer and having good abrasion resistance is a flexible polyurethane resin made by reacting an organic polyisocyanate with a polyol in a manner well known in the art.
  • the railroad crossing structure of this invention can be conveniently manufactured in situ be cleaning out any existing pavement as well as some ballast down to about cross tie level or slightly below in the region between the rails, and outwardly from the rails for a distance of about l8 to about 24 inches. If desired, all of the old ballast can be removed in the crossing area and replaced with clean, new ballast.
  • a curable base layer composition is then prepared from a selected polymerizable liquid composition by admixing therewith comminuted scrap rubber to form a castable slurry having a desired consistency. If the resulting curable base layer composition is relatively viscous, preferably the cleaned out crossing region, including the filler blocks, is prc-wetted with a polymerizable liquid composition.
  • the curable base layer composition is deposited into the cleaned out region between the rails and between the adjacent pavement segment (or an expansion joint abutting the pavement segment) and the rail nearest thereto, and is tamped into place to completely fill all void space up to a level about 2 to 3 inches below roadway surface.
  • a temporary form for providing a flangeway along the inside of the rails may or may not be needed while the base layer is poured. in any event, a flangeway form is provided ad jacent the inside of each of the rails when the wear layer is poured in place.
  • a curable wear layer composition prepared from a selected polymerizable liquid composition and a finelydivided rubber filler is then poured over the base layer.
  • the wear layer composition usually has a higher resin content than the underlying base layer composition and is more fluid so as to provide good wetting and ultimate adhesion between the base layer and the wear layer and also between the rails and the wear layer.
  • the wear layer composition is poured to the level of the rails themselves and is brought over contiguous to the rails on the outside and over to the removable flangeway forms in the region between the rails. Thereafter the poured wear layer is tamped down on top of the base layer and permitted to cure so as to provide a smooth, finished roadway surface.
  • the base layer and the wear layer usually cure to an extent sufficient to bear traffic within about 4 to about 6 hours, depending on the curing agent that is employed and also, of course, on the ambient temperature. If a faster cure rate is desired, the curable compositions can be heated before pouring.
  • a railroad crossing has been built in accordance with the present invention, and has satisfactorily withstood one winter season at below freezing temperatures while subjected to daily train and vehicular traffic.
  • the flexible center pad and the flexible side pads were about 6 inches thick, having a flexible base layer thickness of about 4 inches and a flexible wear layer thickness of about 2 inches.
  • the curable liquid resin formulation for the base layer was made up of about parts by weight diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, about 2 parts by weight ethyl formal disulfide polymer having a molecular weight of about 1000, and about 0.5 parts by weight 2,4,6- tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol.
  • Comminuted scrap rubber from automobile tires and having particles ranging in size from about one-fourth inch to about threefourths inch in the longest dimension thereof was admixed with the curable liquid resin formulation to form a slurry having a filler-to-curable resin volume ratio of about 4:1.
  • Concrete slabs measuring about 24 X 16 X 4 inches were utilized as an inorganic filler, and were positioned at a transverse spacing of about 8 to 12 inches between adjacent slabs and a longitudinal spacing of about 1 inch between adjacent slabs.
  • a curable liquid resin formulation for the wear layer was prepared containing about 1.65 parts by weight diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, about 2.15 parts by weight polyepoxide resin prepared from a polyhydric alcohol and having an approximate weight per epoxide of about 600, and about 0.8 parts by weight of phenolic accelerated aliphatic amine. Additionally about 0.15 parts by weight of carbon black was stirred into the curable wear layer formulation as a colorant and enough finely-divided rubber buffings were added to the formulation to give a slurry having a filler-to curable resin volume ratio of about 3:1.
  • Flangeway forms were then placed along the inside of the rails at the crossing, and the obtained slurry was cast over the base layer already in place and tamped down about level with the pavement surface and the rails. Surface of the wear layer was smoothed out and finished, and the cast pads were permitted to cure at ambient temperature for about 4 hours. After this time period the flangeway forms were removed, and the railroad crossing was placed in service and periodically examined. The side pads and the center pad were observed to flex when a heavy load passed thereover, but after about 8 months of use no deterioration of the pad surface is apparent.
  • a railroad crossing structure for a paved roadway across at least a pair of spaced rails for guiding railroad vehicles and mounted on cross tie means supported on ballast which comprises a flexible center pad means extending transversely between each pair of spaced rails, providing a roadway surface therebetween, and being bonded directly to said ballast and being in a sealing engagement with said rails; and
  • a flexible side pad means extending transversely between each pavement segment and the rail nearest thereto, providing a roadway surface therebetween, and being bonded directly to said ballast and being in a sealing engagement with said nearest rail;
  • each of said flexible pad means having a base layer comprising a flexible thermoset resin which is a cured glycidyl ether resin, comminuted scrap rubber, and an inorganic bulk filler, and a wear layer of a cured flexible thermoset resin and finelydivided scrap rubber on top of said base layer, scrap rubber-to-cured resin volume ratio in said base layer being about 2:1 to about 6:1 and scrap rubber-to-cured resin volume ratio in said wear layer being about 1:1 to about 4:1; and said cured glycidyl ether resin in said base layer bonding together individual ballast particles below said base layer and bonding said base layer to said ballast.
  • a base layer comprising a flexible thermoset resin which is a cured glycidyl ether resin, comminuted scrap rubber, and an inorganic bulk filler
  • a wear layer of a cured flexible thermoset resin and finelydivided scrap rubber on top of said base layer scrap rubber-to-cured resin volume ratio in said base layer being about 2:1 to about 6
  • said flexible pad means further include an elastic bridge network of said cured glycidyl ether resin holding together individual particles of said ballast.
  • a railroad crossing structure for a paved roadway across at least a pair of spaced rails for guiding railroad vehicles and mounted on cross tie means supported on ballast which comprises a flexible center pad means extending transversely between each pair of spaced rails, providing a roadway surface therebetween, and being bonded directly to said ballast and being in a sealing engagement with said rails;
  • a flexible side pad means extending transversely between each pavement segment and the rail nearest thereto, providing a roadway surface therebetween, and being bonded directly to said ballast and being in a sealing engagement with said nearest rail;
  • each of said flexible pad means comprising a base layer of a cured flexible thermoset resin which is a condensation product of a glycidyl ether resin and a thiol-terminated polysulfide resin and a filler which is comminuted scrap rubber, and a wear layer of a cured flexible thermoset resin which is an aliphatic amine-cured glycidyl ether resin and a filler which is finely-divided scrap rubber on top of said base layer, a filler-to-cured resin volume ratio in said base layer being about 2:1 to about 6:1, and the tiller-to-cured resin volume ratio in said wear layer being about 1:1 to about 4:1.
  • a cured flexible thermoset resin which is a condensation product of a glycidyl ether resin and a thiol-terminated polysulfide resin and a filler which is comminuted scrap rubber
  • a wear layer of a cured flexible thermoset resin which is an aliphatic amine-cured
  • said flexible thermoset resin in the base layer is a condensation product of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and ethyl formal disulflde polymer in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 122, respectively, the ethyl formal disulflde polymer having the general formula where g is of sufficient magnitude to give a molecular weight of about 400 to about 1200, and about 0.7 to about 0.4 parts by weight 2,4,6- tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol; and wherein said flexible thermoset resin in the wear layer comprises a diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A and a flexibilizing polyepoxide in a weight ratio of about 2:1 to about 1:4, respectively, and about 0.5 to about 0.9 parts by weight of an aliphatic polyamine curing agent.
  • a method for manufacturing a resilient railroad crossing pad to provide a crossing structure across at least a pair of spaced rails mounted on cross tie means supported on ballast which comprises the steps of preparing a curable base layer composition comprising a glycidyl ether resin and a thiol-terminating polysulfide resin, a dialkylaminoalkyl phenol curing agent, and a particulate resilient filler; said filler and said resin being present in said curable base layer composition in a volume ratio of about 4:1 to about 6:1, respectively; casting said curable base layer composition over said ballast to form a base layer for said pad 1L1 it u;
  • a curable wear layer composition comprising a glycidyl ether resin, a polyepoxide resin, an aliphatic amine cross-linking agent, and a particulate resilient filler; said filler and said resin being present in said second curable composition in a volume ratio of about 3:1, respectively;
  • the curable liquid resin for the base layer composition is a mixture of glycidyl ether resin and thiol-terminated polysulfide in a weight ratio of about 5:1 to about 1:2, respectively, and about 0.7 to about 0.4 parts by weight dialkylaminoalkyl phenol
  • the curable liquid resin for the wear layer composition is a mixture of glycidyl ether resin and a flexibilizing polyepoxide in a weight ratio of about 2:1 to about 1 :4, respectively, and wherein about 0.5 parts to about 0.9 parts by weight of an aliphatic amine curing agent are present in the mixture.
  • the curable liquid resin for the base layer composition contains about 5 parts by weight diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, about 2 parts by weight ethyl formal disulfide polymer of the general formula where n is of sufficient magnitude to give a molecular weight of about 1000, about 0.5 parts by weight 2,4,6- tri(dimethylaminomethyl) phenol; and wherein the curable liquid resin for the wear layer composition contains about 1.65 parts by weight diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, about 2.15 parts by weight of a flexibilizing polyepoxide, and about 0.8 parts by weight aliphatic polyamine.
  • a method of repairing an existing paved roadway crossing over a railroad track which includes a pair of spaced rails supported on ties supported by a ballast material and wherein roadway pavement extends up to and transversely between the rails, which comprises cleaning out existing pavement and a portion of said ballast down to at least tie level in the region between said rails and also in a region immediately adjacent to each pair of spaced rails;
  • the filler-to-curable resin volume ratio in the base layer being about 2:1 to about 6:1, respectively, and the filler-to-curable resin volume ratio in the wear layer being about 1:1 to about 4:1, respectively.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Epoxy Resins (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Machines For Laying And Maintaining Railways (AREA)
US470819A 1974-05-17 1974-05-17 Railroad crossing construction Expired - Lifetime US3894686A (en)

Priority Applications (14)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US470819A US3894686A (en) 1974-05-17 1974-05-17 Railroad crossing construction
BE156263A BE828966A (fr) 1974-05-17 1975-05-12 Passage a niveau pour voie ferree
NL7505609A NL7505609A (nl) 1974-05-17 1975-05-13 Spoorwegkruising.
CH614575A CH603910A5 (nl) 1974-05-17 1975-05-13
GB20114/75A GB1484760A (en) 1974-05-17 1975-05-13 Railroad level crossing structures
CA226,835A CA1028673A (en) 1974-05-17 1975-05-13 Railroad crossing construction
ES437672A ES437672A1 (es) 1974-05-17 1975-05-14 Perfeccionamientos en las estructuras de paso a nivel ferro-viario.
BR3770/75A BR7502964A (pt) 1974-05-17 1975-05-14 Estrutura para um cruzamento de via ferrea e processo para sua construcao
SE7505534A SE7505534L (sv) 1974-05-17 1975-05-14 Jernvegskorsning.
DE19752521520 DE2521520A1 (de) 1974-05-17 1975-05-14 Bahnuebergangsanlage und verfahren zum anlegen einer fahrbahnueberquerung von bahngleisen
IT49612/75A IT1035742B (it) 1974-05-17 1975-05-15 Perfezionamento nelle costruzioni di pavimentazione e massicciata per passaggi a livello
FR7515183A FR2271338A1 (nl) 1974-05-17 1975-05-15
AU81211/75A AU8121175A (en) 1974-05-17 1975-05-15 Railroad crossing construction
JP50058484A JPS50161035A (nl) 1974-05-17 1975-05-16

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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US470819A US3894686A (en) 1974-05-17 1974-05-17 Railroad crossing construction

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JP (1) JPS50161035A (nl)
AU (1) AU8121175A (nl)
BE (1) BE828966A (nl)
BR (1) BR7502964A (nl)
CA (1) CA1028673A (nl)
CH (1) CH603910A5 (nl)
DE (1) DE2521520A1 (nl)
ES (1) ES437672A1 (nl)
FR (1) FR2271338A1 (nl)
GB (1) GB1484760A (nl)
IT (1) IT1035742B (nl)
NL (1) NL7505609A (nl)
SE (1) SE7505534L (nl)

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009827A (en) * 1975-06-12 1977-03-01 Tafel Leonard I Flexible, resilient, and wear resistant railroad crossing structure
US4253605A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-03-03 Sims Robert L Railway crossing structure
US4289273A (en) * 1977-06-20 1981-09-15 Fritz Schmidt Plate and method for laying railway level crossings
US4333445A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-06-08 Lee Donald M Fluidized bed solar energy heater
US4365743A (en) * 1981-03-19 1982-12-28 Trickel Lorn L Railroad-highway crossing deck component
US4445640A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-05-01 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Highway railway crossing and cap therefor
US4545527A (en) * 1982-04-09 1985-10-08 Young Thomas B Railroad grade crossing
WO1991015631A1 (de) * 1990-04-10 1991-10-17 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Development Gmbh Gleisübergangseinrichtung
US5338568A (en) * 1989-01-30 1994-08-16 Cappar Ltd. Additive for two component epoxy resin compositions
US5439625A (en) * 1992-09-02 1995-08-08 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Development Gmbh Track crossing installation, molded body for a track crossing installation and method for producing a molded body for a track crossing installation
US5470173A (en) * 1990-04-10 1995-11-28 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Development Gmbh Process for producing a railroad crossing means
US5630674A (en) * 1994-10-24 1997-05-20 Inaba; Takeo Road surface
WO2003052207A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Csek Karoly Plastic pavement panels for railway bridges
US6596208B1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2003-07-22 Moses B. Glick Method of producing rubber paving blocks
US20040200140A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-10-14 Alexander Karoleen B. Multi-layered structure for tree well skirts and sidewalks and method of making same
US6972144B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2005-12-06 Hunter Paine Enterprises, Llc Composite structural material and method of making same
US20070009665A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2007-01-11 Alexander Karoleen B Method of making a multi-layered structure for tree well skirt and sidewalks
US20080098935A1 (en) * 2004-12-29 2008-05-01 Roth Arthur J Composite Structural Material and Method of Making the Same
CN100436714C (zh) * 2006-01-12 2008-11-26 许吉锭 铁路道口整体橡胶铺面板
US20100000773A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2010-01-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic component mounting structure
US20130345339A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Recycled crumb rubber coating
US20140316031A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2014-10-23 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Recycled crumb rubber coating
CN108951372A (zh) * 2018-09-14 2018-12-07 中铁四局集团第工程有限公司 一种用于高速铁路无砟轨道路基支承层摊铺施工的施工方法
CZ308202B6 (cs) * 2017-09-11 2020-02-26 TESORO Spin off, s.r.o. Flexibilní kompozitní materiály a způsob jejich přípravy a využití

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2413901A (en) * 1941-02-12 1947-01-07 Archie L Blades Method of applying composite surfacing materials to a bituminous base
US2828079A (en) * 1953-08-24 1958-03-25 Charles H Rennels Railroad crossing construction
US3077600A (en) * 1960-04-19 1963-02-12 Spence Paulsen Railroad crossing

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2413901A (en) * 1941-02-12 1947-01-07 Archie L Blades Method of applying composite surfacing materials to a bituminous base
US2828079A (en) * 1953-08-24 1958-03-25 Charles H Rennels Railroad crossing construction
US3077600A (en) * 1960-04-19 1963-02-12 Spence Paulsen Railroad crossing

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4009827A (en) * 1975-06-12 1977-03-01 Tafel Leonard I Flexible, resilient, and wear resistant railroad crossing structure
US4289273A (en) * 1977-06-20 1981-09-15 Fritz Schmidt Plate and method for laying railway level crossings
US4253605A (en) * 1979-05-23 1981-03-03 Sims Robert L Railway crossing structure
US4333445A (en) * 1980-01-24 1982-06-08 Lee Donald M Fluidized bed solar energy heater
US4365743A (en) * 1981-03-19 1982-12-28 Trickel Lorn L Railroad-highway crossing deck component
US4445640A (en) * 1982-03-31 1984-05-01 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company Highway railway crossing and cap therefor
US4545527A (en) * 1982-04-09 1985-10-08 Young Thomas B Railroad grade crossing
US5338568A (en) * 1989-01-30 1994-08-16 Cappar Ltd. Additive for two component epoxy resin compositions
US5470173A (en) * 1990-04-10 1995-11-28 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Development Gmbh Process for producing a railroad crossing means
WO1991015631A1 (de) * 1990-04-10 1991-10-17 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Development Gmbh Gleisübergangseinrichtung
US5439625A (en) * 1992-09-02 1995-08-08 Gummiwerk Kraiburg Development Gmbh Track crossing installation, molded body for a track crossing installation and method for producing a molded body for a track crossing installation
US5630674A (en) * 1994-10-24 1997-05-20 Inaba; Takeo Road surface
US6596208B1 (en) * 2000-02-07 2003-07-22 Moses B. Glick Method of producing rubber paving blocks
WO2003052207A1 (en) * 2001-12-14 2003-06-26 Csek Karoly Plastic pavement panels for railway bridges
US20070113759A1 (en) * 2002-04-19 2007-05-24 Roth Arthur J Composite structural material and method of making same
US6972144B2 (en) 2002-04-19 2005-12-06 Hunter Paine Enterprises, Llc Composite structural material and method of making same
US20040200140A1 (en) * 2003-02-20 2004-10-14 Alexander Karoleen B. Multi-layered structure for tree well skirts and sidewalks and method of making same
US7452159B2 (en) * 2004-01-14 2008-11-18 Karoleen B. Alexander Method of making a multi-layered structure for tree well skirt and sidewalks
US20070009665A1 (en) * 2004-01-14 2007-01-11 Alexander Karoleen B Method of making a multi-layered structure for tree well skirt and sidewalks
US20080098935A1 (en) * 2004-12-29 2008-05-01 Roth Arthur J Composite Structural Material and Method of Making the Same
US8181580B2 (en) 2004-12-29 2012-05-22 Coda Capital Mangement Group, LLC Composite structural material and method of making the same
CN100436714C (zh) * 2006-01-12 2008-11-26 许吉锭 铁路道口整体橡胶铺面板
US8759688B2 (en) * 2006-09-22 2014-06-24 Panasonic Corporation Electronic component mounting structure
US20100000773A1 (en) * 2006-09-22 2010-01-07 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. Electronic component mounting structure
US20130345339A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2013-12-26 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Recycled crumb rubber coating
US8853303B2 (en) * 2012-06-25 2014-10-07 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Recycled crumb rubber coating
US20140316031A1 (en) * 2012-06-25 2014-10-23 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Recycled crumb rubber coating
US9296913B2 (en) * 2012-06-25 2016-03-29 King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals Recycled crumb rubber coating
CZ308202B6 (cs) * 2017-09-11 2020-02-26 TESORO Spin off, s.r.o. Flexibilní kompozitní materiály a způsob jejich přípravy a využití
CN108951372A (zh) * 2018-09-14 2018-12-07 中铁四局集团第工程有限公司 一种用于高速铁路无砟轨道路基支承层摊铺施工的施工方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS50161035A (nl) 1975-12-26
IT1035742B (it) 1979-10-20
BE828966A (fr) 1975-09-01
CH603910A5 (nl) 1978-08-31
NL7505609A (nl) 1975-11-19
DE2521520A1 (de) 1975-11-27
ES437672A1 (es) 1977-05-16
CA1028673A (en) 1978-03-28
GB1484760A (en) 1977-09-08
AU8121175A (en) 1976-11-18
FR2271338A1 (nl) 1975-12-12
SE7505534L (sv) 1975-11-18
BR7502964A (pt) 1976-04-13

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