US3890910A - Method of laying webs of composite material containing plant seed - Google Patents

Method of laying webs of composite material containing plant seed Download PDF

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Publication number
US3890910A
US3890910A US352422A US35242273A US3890910A US 3890910 A US3890910 A US 3890910A US 352422 A US352422 A US 352422A US 35242273 A US35242273 A US 35242273A US 3890910 A US3890910 A US 3890910A
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United States
Prior art keywords
webs
sand
web
ground
layer
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US352422A
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English (en)
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Herbert Angruner
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Bunzl and Biach AG
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Bunzl and Biach AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S111/00—Planting
    • Y10S111/901—Lawn or turf

Definitions

  • Method includes steps of preparing base by producing a gravel foundation overlaying a layer of sand, fertiliz- 111/1; 47/56 ing the prepared surface, applying a vegetation layer, [51] Int. A0lc l/00 such as peat moss, then fertilizing and compacting and [58] Field of Search roughening the surface prior to laying down the composite web, the web being laid in strips that are sewn [56] References Cited together and that are clamped to the ground by metal UNITED STATES PATENTS clamps which are removable by a pull cord.
  • the present invention relates to a method of laying webs of composite material containing plant seeds:
  • the web of nonwoven fibers has the advantage that as a result of its construction, it stores sufficient water for the growth of the plants, so that in this way less watering with longer intervals between becomes necessary.
  • these advantages of the nonwoven fiber web bring about a reduction in the cost of care of 50% as compared with normal turfs. In hot and dry regions, greater resistance to dryness results.
  • the nonwoven fiber web in combination with the ground permits a precise regulating of the growth of the turf as required, since the nonwoven fiber web stores the fertilizer fed it. For instance, by prior fertilization, the turf can be made to regenerate itself particularly rapidly and ruggedly for special periods of games.
  • connection method steps a) to f) are preferably employed.
  • a homogeneous, uniform, flat lawn surface consisting practically of a single piece is produced, which surface can be used or played on at any time, even in periods of great heat, in dry regions, after thunderstorms or lengthy rains, during and after the melting of snow, during frost and snow, etc.
  • the ball-playing properties of the field are improved as compared with a normal grass field.
  • the athletic-field construction consisting of the sand construction described in combination with the layers of composite material has been shown by tests and examinations to have properties which promote the conditioning of athletes and protect their joints, as a result of the extremely favorable elastic behavior under foot. This is due in particular to the fact that a relatively hard substrate and a relatively thin elastic web of nonwoven fiber are present. In contrast with to this, for instance, soft, deep play areas lead rapidly to fatigue and hard play areas lead to inflammation of joints or injury thereto.
  • the laying of the seeded web of nonwoven fiber in accordance with the invention makes it possible to obtain a lawn which can be played on within four months thereby dramatically reducing the customary waiting time of 1 /2 years.
  • the germination and growth or formation of the turf are improved.
  • the useful life is increased about 6 times.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross section through a substrate developed in accordance with the invention, with nonwoven fiber web placed thereon;
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically how two webs are connected along the edge with each other in accordance with the invention by a traveling sewing head;
  • FIG. 3 is a top view of a sewing head which is movable on rails;
  • FIG. 4 shows nonwoven webs attached to each other and fastened to the substrate
  • FIG. 5 is a cross section along the line VV of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 shows schematically a staple gun such as can be used in accordance with the invention.
  • EXAMPLE 1 On a well draining rubble substrate there is applied a 10 to 12 cm thick sand layer consisting of river sand, particle size, of not greater than mm. In dry and hot regions it may be desirable to mix the river sand with an equal amount of pumice stone or crushed lava, of particle size between about 0.5 to 30 mm, mixed (or with other strongly water-storing substances such as, for instance, Hygromull or the like).
  • the substrate is intensively rolled and alternately sprayed with water so that, for instance, of a 200-pound man with normal gait and wearing a size 12 shoe does not leave impressions of a depth of more than 1 to 2 mm.
  • a complete fertilizer with a high nitrogen content and depot action such as, for instance, Wolf No. 1230 20:5:8, is spread on in an amount of 60 g/m 2.
  • a vegetation layer of a thickness of about to 8 cm is applied with a gradient of about 0.3 to 0.5% in the direction of the longitudinal axis and solidified in the manner described under item 1.
  • composition of the mixture is as follows: about 75 volume percent river sand of particle size up to about 4 mm, which contains no lime and has not more than elutriatable particles, the sand being uniformly mixed with about 25 to 40 vol% peat moss (the peat moss having been previously slightly moistened and mixed with 15 kg Agrosil per every 1.5 m of loosened peat litter).
  • the webs of nonwoven fabric can be laid in the longitudinal or transverse direction of a field.
  • a wedge-shaped ditch ofa width of about 10 cm and a depth of about 10 cm is cut out in the longitudinal direction of the nonwoven web at the outermost edge of the area to be covered.
  • the first web is rolled out and the outer edge placed in said depression.
  • the mat is then fastened in said groove to the rolled sand bottom by the use of galvanized steel wire clamps introduced by compressed air at a distance apart of about 10 cm (the clamps are 65 mm long and 12 mm wide). Later on the ditch is filled with the material of the vegetation layer.
  • FIG. 1 A field prepared in this manner is shown in cross section in FIG. 1.
  • 1 is a gravel foundation over which a layer of sand is rolled.
  • vegetation layer 3 Over the layer of sand 2 there is placed the vegetation layer 3 and over the latter the nonwoven web 4 containing the plant seeds.
  • the edge of the playing field is designated by 5.
  • the ditch present at 5 is in its turn filled with the material 3a of the nonwoven layer 3.
  • a sewing machine head 7 slides on double rails, transporting itself by means of a rack and pinion drive.
  • the rails are developed as transportable and couplable units.
  • the two webs 4 which lie surface-to-surface against each other are needled onto the ledge 9.
  • the machine slides past the fixed edge and simultaneously sews or cuts.
  • the rail system consists of three elements of a length of about 5 to 6 m. While the sewing machine, for instance, is already working on the second rail, the first rail is disconnected and placed behind the third, etc., etc., until the other endof the web or of the field is reached.
  • Such a machine can also be mounted on a carriage of a size of X 80 mounted on four very wide, nonsteerable lawn tires.
  • This machine then has a specially developed, reinforced sprocket wheel for transporting the two webs of nonwoven fiber through the sewing machine (i.e. gripper).
  • the sewing machine i.e. gripper
  • One man steers and guides the machine along the two combined webs of nonwoven fiber.
  • Two men take up the webs and introduce them into the machine or permit them to pass through same. Also in this case the sewing together takes place with an overcast stitch and simultaneous cutting of the edges.
  • the second web After reaching the end of the field or the end of the web, the second web is swung out to the right so that then both webs lie alongside of each other connected by a seam. Thereupon the first web is tensioned somewhat by pulling on the second web, and fastening with the steel wire clamps is effected on the first web along the seam.
  • the steel wire clamps are driven into the sand some what obliquely, through the mat over a plastic cord with the use of an air gun.
  • the clamps are then seated on this plastic cord.
  • the fastening pressure is distributed better, and after the growth, all the clamps can be abruptly pulled out by means of the cord.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 A structure of fiber webs formed in this manner is shown schematically in FIGS. 4 and 5. It should be noted that the fiber webs 4 are connected with each other at the abutting places by seams 10. At the edge of each web it should be noted that clamps 11 extend over a cord 12 into the ground 3 and 2 respectively. It is clear that by pulling the cord perpendicularly of the surface of the web, the clamps can easily be pulled out of the ground one after the other.
  • a sheet metal housing 14 which receives the coil of cord 15 is provided on the gun 13. From there the cord 16 slides through a diskshaped thread brake 17 and eyelets 18 up to the outlet opening 19 for the clamps. There there is provided a notched guide 20 so that upon each closing ofa clamp, the cord comes to lie precisely between the two arms of the clamp.
  • the mat When the entire area has been covered in this way, the mat is pressed down by a 500 kg roller so that all seams and other unevennesses which might have arisen also in the foundation by footsteps during the laying are evened out.
  • sand of a particle size of O to 0.3 mm is strewed with uniform distribution in an amount of about 0.5 to 0.8 kg/m After the first rain, this provides an additional moisture storage and a weighting of the web of unwoven fiber, since the fine granules of sand penetrate between the fibers.
  • a latex dispersion in a quantity of 40 g/m is then sprayed over the completely laid web of nonwoven fiber.
  • This dispersion remains adhering to the uppermost hairs and reduces the space between the fibers, as a re sult of which evaporation is reduced without impeding germination and growth.
  • treating said field surface by producing a waterpermeable gravel foundation, applying and solidifying a layer of sand, applying a complete fertibilizer having depot action, applying a vegetation layer and compacting it, applying a complete fertilizer which is immediately absorbable, and slightly roughening the surface;
  • Method according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the vegetation layer is made in a thickness of 4 to 10 cm, from a mixture of sand and peat moss.
  • Method of claim 1 further comprising the step of spraying a binder onto said web surface.
  • Method according to claim 1 characterized by the fact that the layer of sand is about 7 to 15 cm thick and is formed from sand having a particle size of not greater than 10 mm.
  • said water saturable material is pumice stone, crushed lava or peat moss.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
US352422A 1972-04-19 1973-04-19 Method of laying webs of composite material containing plant seed Expired - Lifetime US3890910A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT342372A AT313624B (de) 1972-04-19 1972-04-19 Verfahren zum Verlegen von Pflanzensamen enthaltenden Verbundstoffbahnen

Publications (1)

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US3890910A true US3890910A (en) 1975-06-24

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US352422A Expired - Lifetime US3890910A (en) 1972-04-19 1973-04-19 Method of laying webs of composite material containing plant seed

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US (1) US3890910A (oth)
JP (1) JPS4925707A (oth)
AT (1) AT313624B (oth)
AU (1) AU467654B2 (oth)
BE (1) BE797592A (oth)
BR (1) BR7302877D0 (oth)
CH (1) CH556633A (oth)
DK (1) DK127211B (oth)
ES (1) ES413897A1 (oth)
FR (1) FR2181358A5 (oth)
GB (1) GB1424757A (oth)
IL (1) IL42060A (oth)
IT (1) IT982801B (oth)
NL (1) NL7305583A (oth)
ZA (1) ZA732717B (oth)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4377919A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-03-29 Gams Joseph W Holddown system for horticultural plastic sheet
WO1990012494A1 (en) * 1989-04-21 1990-11-01 Biodata Oy Procedure and means for attaching film used in covered cultivation
US5025969A (en) * 1987-05-11 1991-06-25 Koester William L Dual actuation staple insertion apparatus
US5099599A (en) * 1987-12-04 1992-03-31 Ellison Edward J Method of laying sod for conserving water in lawn maintenance
US5301466A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-04-12 Egan Michael A Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root zone medium
US5651213A (en) * 1992-08-07 1997-07-29 Egan; Michael Andrew Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root medium
EP0845201A3 (de) * 1996-11-21 1998-12-16 Wolfgang Behrens Vegetationselement
US6357176B2 (en) * 1997-03-19 2002-03-19 Mississippi State University Soilless sod
US6389745B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2002-05-21 G&B Tech Corp. Sheet for growing grass seeds and grass seed mat using same
US20050028441A1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2005-02-10 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Seedbed for growing vegetation
US20050198895A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Rose Mark D. Machine for laying ground cover on seeded areas
US20060032123A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2006-02-16 Knighton David R Devices for water treatment
US20060236603A1 (en) * 1992-08-07 2006-10-26 Egan Michael A Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root medium
US20090013595A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 David Hoch Modular Biodegradable Garden Environment Control System and Method
US20090038216A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 Young-Koo Kim Artificial soil and method for growing vegetation on sloped surface using the same
US20100212224A1 (en) * 2007-10-08 2010-08-26 Vertilignes Slab of potting compost for growing plants
US8365467B1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-02-05 Livingston Robert E Prevegetated blanket
US20130125460A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2013-05-23 Natural Grass Substrate intended to act as a cultivation support and use for the preparation in particular of sport surfaces
US9005449B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2015-04-14 Embro Corporation Use of moss to reduce disinfection by-products in water treated with disinfectants
US9119351B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2015-09-01 Richard Campbell Soil replacement method and system for seed germination and agricultural growing
CN105659964A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-15 河南华美园林绿化工程有限公司 一种复合有机纤维、生态型客土喷播复合材料及其制备方法
US9795809B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-10-24 Embro Corporation Use of moss to improve dental health
CN109145396A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2019-01-04 同济大学 一种基于植被分布的河道糙率分区率定方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2192939A (en) * 1937-05-17 1940-03-12 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Agricultural application of glass wool
US2605589A (en) * 1950-11-14 1952-08-05 Alfred E E Kuestner Sod unit
US2826865A (en) * 1956-08-31 1958-03-18 John M Chohamin Seed carrier unit
US2909003A (en) * 1955-11-30 1959-10-20 Kendall & Co Grass seed mat and process for making same
US2923093A (en) * 1958-04-11 1960-02-02 Troy Blanket Mills Seed planting mat
US3154884A (en) * 1960-08-12 1964-11-03 Amar Sion Segre Device for facilitating sowing and protecting plants reared from the seeds
US3160986A (en) * 1960-10-18 1964-12-15 Toro Mfg Corp Seed planting method and apparatus for its practice

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2192939A (en) * 1937-05-17 1940-03-12 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Agricultural application of glass wool
US2605589A (en) * 1950-11-14 1952-08-05 Alfred E E Kuestner Sod unit
US2909003A (en) * 1955-11-30 1959-10-20 Kendall & Co Grass seed mat and process for making same
US2826865A (en) * 1956-08-31 1958-03-18 John M Chohamin Seed carrier unit
US2923093A (en) * 1958-04-11 1960-02-02 Troy Blanket Mills Seed planting mat
US3154884A (en) * 1960-08-12 1964-11-03 Amar Sion Segre Device for facilitating sowing and protecting plants reared from the seeds
US3160986A (en) * 1960-10-18 1964-12-15 Toro Mfg Corp Seed planting method and apparatus for its practice

Cited By (42)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4377919A (en) * 1981-10-26 1983-03-29 Gams Joseph W Holddown system for horticultural plastic sheet
US5025969A (en) * 1987-05-11 1991-06-25 Koester William L Dual actuation staple insertion apparatus
US5099599A (en) * 1987-12-04 1992-03-31 Ellison Edward J Method of laying sod for conserving water in lawn maintenance
WO1990012494A1 (en) * 1989-04-21 1990-11-01 Biodata Oy Procedure and means for attaching film used in covered cultivation
US20080034651A1 (en) * 1992-08-07 2008-02-14 Egan Michael A Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root zone medium
US5651213A (en) * 1992-08-07 1997-07-29 Egan; Michael Andrew Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root medium
US6334275B1 (en) 1992-08-07 2002-01-01 Carco Development Company Sports surfaces and methods of preparing sports surfaces comprising a transportable turf grass
US5301466A (en) * 1992-08-07 1994-04-12 Egan Michael A Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root zone medium
US20060236603A1 (en) * 1992-08-07 2006-10-26 Egan Michael A Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root medium
US6532697B2 (en) 1992-08-07 2003-03-18 Michael A. Egan Production of sod using a soil-less sand based root zone medium
US6694670B1 (en) 1992-08-07 2004-02-24 Michael A. Egan Transportable turf grasses and grass sports surfaces having porous foundations
EP0845201A3 (de) * 1996-11-21 1998-12-16 Wolfgang Behrens Vegetationselement
US6739089B1 (en) * 1996-11-21 2004-05-25 Wolfgang Behrens Vegetation element
US6357176B2 (en) * 1997-03-19 2002-03-19 Mississippi State University Soilless sod
US6389745B1 (en) 1999-02-26 2002-05-21 G&B Tech Corp. Sheet for growing grass seeds and grass seed mat using same
US20050028441A1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2005-02-10 Georgia-Pacific Corporation Seedbed for growing vegetation
US7059083B2 (en) 2003-02-12 2006-06-13 Gp Cellulose, Llc Seedbed for growing vegetation
US20060191194A1 (en) * 2003-02-12 2006-08-31 Gp Cellulose, Llc Seedbed for growing vegetation
US20050198895A1 (en) * 2004-03-15 2005-09-15 Rose Mark D. Machine for laying ground cover on seeded areas
US7188447B2 (en) * 2004-03-15 2007-03-13 Sherron & Rose, Llc Machine for laying ground cover on seeded areas
US7497947B2 (en) 2004-04-14 2009-03-03 Embro Corporation Devices for water treatment
US20100320144A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2010-12-23 Embro Corporation Devices for water treatment
US20060032123A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2006-02-16 Knighton David R Devices for water treatment
US20100072129A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2010-03-25 Embro Corporation Devices for water treatment
US20090120871A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2009-05-14 Embro Corporation Devices for water treatment
US20090152185A1 (en) * 2004-04-14 2009-06-18 Embro Corporation Devices for water treatment
US7625486B2 (en) 2004-04-14 2009-12-01 Embro Corporation Devices for water treatment
US7625489B2 (en) 2004-04-14 2009-12-01 Embro Corporation Methods of treating water using devices for water treatment
US20090013595A1 (en) * 2007-07-13 2009-01-15 David Hoch Modular Biodegradable Garden Environment Control System and Method
US7788846B2 (en) * 2007-08-06 2010-09-07 Transcorea Development Co., Ltd. Artificial soil and method for growing vegetation on sloped surface using the same
US20090038216A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 Young-Koo Kim Artificial soil and method for growing vegetation on sloped surface using the same
US20100212224A1 (en) * 2007-10-08 2010-08-26 Vertilignes Slab of potting compost for growing plants
US8365467B1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2013-02-05 Livingston Robert E Prevegetated blanket
US9907239B2 (en) 2010-06-01 2018-03-06 Dendro Concept Substrate intended to act as a cultivation support and use for the preparation in particular of sport surfaces
US20130125460A1 (en) * 2010-06-01 2013-05-23 Natural Grass Substrate intended to act as a cultivation support and use for the preparation in particular of sport surfaces
US9320207B2 (en) * 2010-06-01 2016-04-26 Dendro Concept Substrate intended to act as a cultivation support and use for the preparation in particular of sport surfaces
US9119351B1 (en) * 2011-02-11 2015-09-01 Richard Campbell Soil replacement method and system for seed germination and agricultural growing
US9005449B2 (en) 2011-09-07 2015-04-14 Embro Corporation Use of moss to reduce disinfection by-products in water treated with disinfectants
US9795809B2 (en) 2013-12-23 2017-10-24 Embro Corporation Use of moss to improve dental health
CN105659964A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-15 河南华美园林绿化工程有限公司 一种复合有机纤维、生态型客土喷播复合材料及其制备方法
CN109145396A (zh) * 2018-07-27 2019-01-04 同济大学 一种基于植被分布的河道糙率分区率定方法
CN109145396B (zh) * 2018-07-27 2020-10-02 同济大学 一种基于植被分布的河道糙率分区率定方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2181358A5 (oth) 1973-11-30
IL42060A (en) 1977-04-29
NL7305583A (oth) 1973-10-23
IT982801B (it) 1974-10-21
BE797592A (fr) 1973-07-16
CH556633A (de) 1974-12-13
DE2234947B2 (de) 1976-08-12
ZA732717B (en) 1974-11-27
AU467654B2 (en) 1975-12-11
DE2234947A1 (de) 1973-10-31
BR7302877D0 (pt) 1974-01-08
IL42060A0 (en) 1973-06-29
JPS4925707A (oth) 1974-03-07
DK127211B (da) 1973-10-08
GB1424757A (en) 1976-02-11
ES413897A1 (es) 1976-01-16
AT313624B (de) 1974-02-25
AU5473773A (en) 1974-10-24

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