US3885394A - Process and apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas in a ship for transporting liquified gas - Google Patents

Process and apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas in a ship for transporting liquified gas Download PDF

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US3885394A
US3885394A US423122A US42312273A US3885394A US 3885394 A US3885394 A US 3885394A US 423122 A US423122 A US 423122A US 42312273 A US42312273 A US 42312273A US 3885394 A US3885394 A US 3885394A
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gas
flow
tank
vaporized
compressor
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Karel Witt
Christian Trepp
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Sulzer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H21/00—Use of propulsion power plant or units on vessels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0201—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration
    • F25J1/0202—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2220/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for the removal of impurities
    • F25J2220/60—Separating impurities from natural gas, e.g. mercury, cyclic hydrocarbons
    • F25J2220/62—Separating low boiling components, e.g. He, H2, N2, Air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/30—Compression of the feed stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2230/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams
    • F25J2230/60—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure of gaseous process streams the fluid being hydrocarbons or a mixture of hydrocarbons

Definitions

  • the invention provides a process in which a flow of vaporized gas is drawn off at least one tank, compressed and divided into two component flows.
  • One component flow is then fed as a fuel to the propulsion unit of a ship, for example, to a combustion device such as a piston engine, marine boiler or gas turbine plant.
  • the other component flow is further compressed and passed in heat exchange relation with the continued flow of vaporized gas from the tank to heat the flow of vaporized gas prior to initial compression and to cool the gas component flow.
  • the cooled gas component flow is then reduced in pressure and fed back to the gas tank in at least partly liquified form. In this way, it is possible to use the low temperature of the full gas flow drawn off the tanks to cool the second gas component flow over the entire temperature range covered during cooling and, at least, partial liquifaction of this component flow.
  • the invention also provides an apparatus which includes means for drawing off the flow of vaporized gas from a gas tank. a first compressor to compress the full flow and a first branch line to deliver one component flow to the propulsion unit. Also. a second compressor is used to receive and compress the second component flow and a heat exchanger is used to effect the heat exchange between the full flow and the second component flow. A pressure reducing means is also connected to the heat exchanger and the tank to deliver the at least partly liquified gas back to the tank.
  • the second compressor does not need to operate at low suction temperatures but instead can operate at temperatures above C.
  • the drawing illustrates a schematic view of a ship employing an apparatus according to the invention.
  • a ship such as a liquified combustible gas tanker has a propulsion unit (not shown) and a plurality of liquified gas tanks 10, only two of which are shown for simplicity.
  • a means. such as a line 11, is connected to each tank 10 to draw off a flow of gas. for example. methane or natural gas vaporized in each at a temperature, for example, of l50C and approximately at atmospheric pressure.
  • the line II is connected to a cooling passage 12 in a heat exchanger 13 to deliver the flow of vaporized gas to the passage 12 for heating, for example. to 10C in a manner as described below.
  • a line 14 extends from the exit end of the passage 12 to a compressor 15 to deliver the heated flow for compression purposes.
  • a delivery line 16 extends from the compressor 15 through an aftercooler 17 and divides into two branch lines l8, 19.
  • One line 18 conveys one component flow of the gas after cooling in the aftercooler 17 to a combustion device (not shown) of the propulsion unit (not shown), e.g. a combustion chamber of a steam generator.
  • the line 18 is provided with a non-return valve 20 and a pressure regulating valve 21 which maintains the pressure in the line 18 at a predetermined value by means of a controller 21a.
  • the compressor 15 has a drive motor 22 whose speed is controlled by a controller 23 according to the pressure in the line 11.
  • the conditions are such that when the pressure rises in the line 11 due to the vaporization of gas in the tanks 10 the speed is increased and vice versa.
  • the branch line 19 carries a second gas component flow into a second compressor 24 formed by a threestage piston machine driven by a diagrammatically indicated electric motor 25. Coolers 26 are also provided between the various stages and where the gas component flow leaves the last stage.
  • a line 27 connects the outflow of the compressor 24 to the heat exchanger 13 so that the component flow of compressed gas comes into heat exchange relation with the continued flow of vaporized gas from the tanks 10 and is cooled.
  • a pressure reducing means including a line 28 and a pressure reducing valve 29 e.g. an expansion valve is connected to the heat exchanger 13 to receive the cooled component flow.
  • the pressure reducing valve 29 is operated by a controller 30 so as to maintain the desired pressure in the line 28.
  • the valve 29 communicates via a line 31 with a separator 33 which has a conventional level regulating means 34 for operating a valve 35 in an exit line 36 to a pump 46.
  • the pump 46 serves to feed the liquified gas back to the tanks 10.
  • the separator 33 is connected by a line 41 to another cooling passage 42 in the heat exchanger 13 so that volatile gas constituents, particularly nitrogen, can be drawn off along the line 41 and used to cool the gas component flow passing through the heat exchanger during liquification. These constituents then flow along a line 43 into the line 18, where they are added to the component intended for combustion.
  • volatile gas constituents particularly nitrogen
  • the aftercooler 17 is connected by a line 38 to a source of coolant, for example, cooling water for cooling the gas flow through the line 16.
  • a regulating valve 380 is disposed in the line 38 and is operated via a controller 39 in accordance with temperature variations in the compressed gas in the line 16 so that a rise in temperature is followed by increased cool ing and vice versa.
  • the process of treating and utilizing the vaporized gas resides in drawing off the gas from the tanks via the line 11 into the heat exchanger 13. After heating, for example, to 10C, the gas flows along the line 14 into the compressor 15 and is compressed to a pressure of approximately 2 atmospheres absolute and heated to about 60C. After cooling to about 40C in the aftercooler 17, one component flow of gas is conveyed via the line 18 at the same pressure to the furnace (not shown) of a steam generator which produces steam for the turbines which propel the ship.
  • the other gas component flow passes via the line 19 into the compressor 24 and is compressed, for example, to about 42 atmospheres absolute and at a temperature of, for example, 40C.
  • the gas then flows along the line 27 into the zone of the heat exchanger containing the cooling passage 12 and is cooled, for example, to 120C.
  • the gas so cooled is discharged from the heat exchanger 13 along the line 28 to the pressure reducing valve 29, where the pressure is reduced to 2 atmospheres absolute, that is, to the delivery pressure of the first compressor 15.
  • the gas now at least partly liquified, flows along the line 31 into the separator 33 and collects in the lower part of the separator 33.
  • the re-liquified portion of the gas is then re turned to the tanks 10 via the line 36 by means of the pump 46.
  • the gas component flow intended for combustion instead of going to a boiler furnace, can be fed to a diesel engine at a pressure of, for example, eight atmospheres absolute or to a gas turbine plant used to propel the ship.
  • the pressure reducing valve 29 is used to reduce the pressure to that in the tanks 10 directly, omitting the separation of volatile gases.
  • the invention provides an apparatus which is of simple construction and which uses equipment on which no complicated demands need be made.
  • a process of treating and utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas comprising the steps of drawing off a flow of vaporized gas from at least one gas tank;
  • a process as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the step of cooling said flow of compressed gas prior to dividing into said component flows.
  • a process as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the step of separating volatile constituents from said reduced pressure gas component flow.
  • step of reducing the pressure of said second gas component flow includes expanding said second gas component flow to a pressure corresponding to a delivery pressure of said vaporized gas from the tank and wherein the separated volatile constituents pass in heat exchange relation with said flow of vaporized gas and are added to said one gas component flow.
  • An apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas comprising at least one gas tank;
  • a first compressor connected to said for drawing off means for compressing the flow of vaporized gas
  • a first branch line connected to said compressor to deliver one component flow of the compressed gas flow to a propulsion unit of the ship;
  • a second compressor connected to said first compressor to receive and compress a second component flow'of the compressed gas flow from said first compressor
  • a heat exchanger connected with said means and to said second compressor to receive the flow of vaporized gas from said tank and the flow of the compressed second gas component flow from said second compressor in heat exchange relation to heat the flow of vaporized gas and cool the second gas component flow;
  • a pressure reducing means connected to said heat exchanger and said tank to deliver the second gas component flow to said tank in at least partly liquified form.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a second branch line between said first compressor and said second compressor to convey the second gas component therebetween.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises an after-cooler downstream of said first compressor for cooling the compressed flow of vaporized gas.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a separator connected to said heat exchanger to receive the cooled second gas component flow, a cooling passage in said heat exchanger, a line between said separator and said cooling passage for passing separated volatile gas constituents from the second gas component flow through said cooling passsage, a line between said cooling passage and said first branch line to deliver the volatile gas constituents thereto and a line between said separator and said gas tank to deliver liquified gas thereto.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Separation By Low-Temperature Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

The vaporized gas is first heated and then compressed. Thereafter, the gas is divided into two component flows with one component flow being sent to the ship''s propulsion plant as a source of fuel. The second component flow is then further compressed and cooled in heat exchange relation with the continued flow of vaporized gas from the gas tanks. The cooled gas is then liquified and returned to the gas tanks.

Description

United States Patent 11 1 1111 3,885,394 Witt et al. May 27, 1975 PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR 2,940,268 6/l960 Morrison 62/240 x TREATING AND UTILIZING VAPORIZED 3,229,473 H1966 Schumacher et al. 62/240 X GAS IN A FOR TRANSPORTING 3,303,660 2/1967 Berg 62/51 3,383,881 5/1968 Bailey 62/50 x LIQUIFIED GAS 3,768,271 10/1973 Denis 02 55 Inventors: Karel Witt, Volketswil; Christian Trepp, Winterthur, both of Switzerland Sulzer Brothers Ltd., Winterthur, Switzerland Filed: Dec. 10, 1973 Appl. NO.Z 423,122
Assignee:
Foreign Application Priority Data Dec. ll, 1972 Switzerland l7958/72 U.S. Cl. 60/651; 60/671; 62/7; 62/54; 62/240 Int. Cl. Ftllk 25/08 Field of Search 114/74 A; 62/7, 50, 51, 62/54, 240; 60/651, 67]
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Sattler et a]. 62/7 PROPULSION UNIT Primary Examiner-Meyer Perlin Assistant ExaminerRonald C. Capossela Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Kenyon & Kenyon Reilly Carr & Chapin [57] ABSTRACT The vaporized gas is first heated and then compressed. Thereafter, the gas is divided into two component flows with one component flow being sent to the ships propulsion plant as a source of fuel. The second component flow is then further compressed and cooled in heat exchange relation with the continued flow of vaporized gas from the gas tanks. The cooled gas is then liquified and returned to the gas tanks.
9 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure PROCESS AND APPARATUS FOR TREATING AND UTILIZING VAPORIZED GAS IN A SHIP FOR TRANSPORTING LIQUIFIED GAS This invention relates to a process and apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas.
As is known, the liquified gas transported in tankers and ships vaporizcs or evaporates to some extent during travel due to the presence of heat even in the best insulated vessels. In order to accept this fact, proposals have been made to burn these gaseous products as fuel in a combustion device forming a part of the propulsion unit of the ship.
However, it has been found that the quantity of gas required to power the propulsion unit of a ship of normal size at normal speeds is less than the quantity of gas arising from vaporization.
Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to pro vide a proces and apparatus which can economically reduce vaporization losses by re-liquifying some of the gases.
It is another object of the invention to use the heat which is drawn off during re-liquifaction to heat the gas vaporized in the liquified gas tanks before this gas is compressed to a pressure suitable for the propulsion unit.
It is another object of the invention to re-liquify some of the boil-off or vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank in order to reduce the economic loss due to vaporization of the liquified gas cargo.
Briefly, the invention provides a process in which a flow of vaporized gas is drawn off at least one tank, compressed and divided into two component flows. One component flow is then fed as a fuel to the propulsion unit of a ship, for example, to a combustion device such as a piston engine, marine boiler or gas turbine plant. The other component flow is further compressed and passed in heat exchange relation with the continued flow of vaporized gas from the tank to heat the flow of vaporized gas prior to initial compression and to cool the gas component flow. The cooled gas component flow is then reduced in pressure and fed back to the gas tank in at least partly liquified form. In this way, it is possible to use the low temperature of the full gas flow drawn off the tanks to cool the second gas component flow over the entire temperature range covered during cooling and, at least, partial liquifaction of this component flow.
The invention also provides an apparatus which includes means for drawing off the flow of vaporized gas from a gas tank. a first compressor to compress the full flow and a first branch line to deliver one component flow to the propulsion unit. Also. a second compressor is used to receive and compress the second component flow and a heat exchanger is used to effect the heat exchange between the full flow and the second component flow. A pressure reducing means is also connected to the heat exchanger and the tank to deliver the at least partly liquified gas back to the tank.
Due to the compression of the full flow in the first compressor. the second compressor does not need to operate at low suction temperatures but instead can operate at temperatures above C.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will become more apparent from the following detailed description and appended claims taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in which:
The drawing illustrates a schematic view of a ship employing an apparatus according to the invention.
Referring to the drawing, a ship such as a liquified combustible gas tanker has a propulsion unit (not shown) and a plurality of liquified gas tanks 10, only two of which are shown for simplicity. A means. such as a line 11, is connected to each tank 10 to draw off a flow of gas. for example. methane or natural gas vaporized in each at a temperature, for example, of l50C and approximately at atmospheric pressure. The line II is connected to a cooling passage 12 in a heat exchanger 13 to deliver the flow of vaporized gas to the passage 12 for heating, for example. to 10C in a manner as described below. A line 14 extends from the exit end of the passage 12 to a compressor 15 to deliver the heated flow for compression purposes. A delivery line 16 extends from the compressor 15 through an aftercooler 17 and divides into two branch lines l8, 19. One line 18 conveys one component flow of the gas after cooling in the aftercooler 17 to a combustion device (not shown) of the propulsion unit (not shown), e.g. a combustion chamber of a steam generator. The line 18 is provided with a non-return valve 20 and a pressure regulating valve 21 which maintains the pressure in the line 18 at a predetermined value by means of a controller 21a.
The compressor 15 has a drive motor 22 whose speed is controlled by a controller 23 according to the pressure in the line 11. The conditions are such that when the pressure rises in the line 11 due to the vaporization of gas in the tanks 10 the speed is increased and vice versa.
The branch line 19 carries a second gas component flow into a second compressor 24 formed by a threestage piston machine driven by a diagrammatically indicated electric motor 25. Coolers 26 are also provided between the various stages and where the gas component flow leaves the last stage.
A line 27 connects the outflow of the compressor 24 to the heat exchanger 13 so that the component flow of compressed gas comes into heat exchange relation with the continued flow of vaporized gas from the tanks 10 and is cooled. A pressure reducing means including a line 28 and a pressure reducing valve 29 e.g. an expansion valve is connected to the heat exchanger 13 to receive the cooled component flow. The pressure reducing valve 29 is operated by a controller 30 so as to maintain the desired pressure in the line 28. As shown, the valve 29 communicates via a line 31 with a separator 33 which has a conventional level regulating means 34 for operating a valve 35 in an exit line 36 to a pump 46. The pump 46 serves to feed the liquified gas back to the tanks 10.
The separator 33 is connected by a line 41 to another cooling passage 42 in the heat exchanger 13 so that volatile gas constituents, particularly nitrogen, can be drawn off along the line 41 and used to cool the gas component flow passing through the heat exchanger during liquification. These constituents then flow along a line 43 into the line 18, where they are added to the component intended for combustion.
As shown, the aftercooler 17 is connected by a line 38 to a source of coolant, for example, cooling water for cooling the gas flow through the line 16. Also, a regulating valve 380 is disposed in the line 38 and is operated via a controller 39 in accordance with temperature variations in the compressed gas in the line 16 so that a rise in temperature is followed by increased cool ing and vice versa.
The process of treating and utilizing the vaporized gas resides in drawing off the gas from the tanks via the line 11 into the heat exchanger 13. After heating, for example, to 10C, the gas flows along the line 14 into the compressor 15 and is compressed to a pressure of approximately 2 atmospheres absolute and heated to about 60C. After cooling to about 40C in the aftercooler 17, one component flow of gas is conveyed via the line 18 at the same pressure to the furnace (not shown) of a steam generator which produces steam for the turbines which propel the ship.
The other gas component flow passes via the line 19 into the compressor 24 and is compressed, for example, to about 42 atmospheres absolute and at a temperature of, for example, 40C. The gas then flows along the line 27 into the zone of the heat exchanger containing the cooling passage 12 and is cooled, for example, to 120C. The gas so cooled is discharged from the heat exchanger 13 along the line 28 to the pressure reducing valve 29, where the pressure is reduced to 2 atmospheres absolute, that is, to the delivery pressure of the first compressor 15.
From the pressure reducing valve 29, the gas, now at least partly liquified, flows along the line 31 into the separator 33 and collects in the lower part of the separator 33. The re-liquified portion of the gas is then re turned to the tanks 10 via the line 36 by means of the pump 46.
This invention is not restricted to the embodiment illustrated. On the contrary, the gas component flow intended for combustion, instead of going to a boiler furnace, can be fed to a diesel engine at a pressure of, for example, eight atmospheres absolute or to a gas turbine plant used to propel the ship. According to another alternative, the pressure reducing valve 29 is used to reduce the pressure to that in the tanks 10 directly, omitting the separation of volatile gases.
Further, the invention provides an apparatus which is of simple construction and which uses equipment on which no complicated demands need be made.
What is claimed is:
1. A process of treating and utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas comprising the steps of drawing off a flow of vaporized gas from at least one gas tank;
compressing said flow of vaporized gas;
dividing the compressed flow of gas into at least two component flows;
feeding one of said gas component flows to a propulsion unit of the ship;
compressing a second of said gas component flows;
passing said compressed second gas component flow into heat exchange relation with a continued flow of said flow of vaporized gas to heat said continued flow of vaporized gas prior to compressing of said continued flow of vaporized gas; and
thereafter reducing the pressure of said second gas component flow and feeding a liquid part of the reduced pressure gas component flow to at least one gas tank.
2. A process as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the step of cooling said flow of compressed gas prior to dividing into said component flows.
3. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the full flow of said vaporized gas from one tank is compressed to a pressure demanded by the propulsion unit.
4. A process as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the step of separating volatile constituents from said reduced pressure gas component flow.
5. A process as set forth in claim 4 wherein said step of reducing the pressure of said second gas component flow includes expanding said second gas component flow to a pressure corresponding to a delivery pressure of said vaporized gas from the tank and wherein the separated volatile constituents pass in heat exchange relation with said flow of vaporized gas and are added to said one gas component flow.
6. An apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas comprising at least one gas tank;
means for drawing off a flow of vaporized gas from said tank;
a first compressor connected to said for drawing off means for compressing the flow of vaporized gas;
a first branch line connected to said compressor to deliver one component flow of the compressed gas flow to a propulsion unit of the ship;
a second compressor connected to said first compressor to receive and compress a second component flow'of the compressed gas flow from said first compressor;
a heat exchanger connected with said means and to said second compressor to receive the flow of vaporized gas from said tank and the flow of the compressed second gas component flow from said second compressor in heat exchange relation to heat the flow of vaporized gas and cool the second gas component flow; and
a pressure reducing means connected to said heat exchanger and said tank to deliver the second gas component flow to said tank in at least partly liquified form.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a second branch line between said first compressor and said second compressor to convey the second gas component therebetween.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises an after-cooler downstream of said first compressor for cooling the compressed flow of vaporized gas.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a separator connected to said heat exchanger to receive the cooled second gas component flow, a cooling passage in said heat exchanger, a line between said separator and said cooling passage for passing separated volatile gas constituents from the second gas component flow through said cooling passsage, a line between said cooling passage and said first branch line to deliver the volatile gas constituents thereto and a line between said separator and said gas tank to deliver liquified gas thereto.

Claims (9)

1. A process of treating and utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas comprising the steps of drawing off a flow of vaporized gas from at least one gas tank; compressing said flow of vaporized gas; dividing the compressed flow of gas into at least two component flows; feeding one of said gas component flows to a propulsion unit of the ship; compressing a second of said gas component flows; passing said compressed second gas component flow into heat exchange relation with a continued flow of said flow of vaporized gas to heat said continued flow of vaporized gas prior to compressing of said continued flow of vaporized gas; and thereafter reducing the pressure of said second gas component flow and feeding a liquid part of the reduced pressure gas component flow to at least one gas tank.
2. A process as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the step of cooling said flow of compressed gas prior to dividing into said component flows.
3. A process as set forth in claim 1 wherein the full flow of said vaporized gas from one tank is compressed to a pressure demanded by the propulsion unit.
4. A process as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises the step of separating volatile constituents from said reduced pressure gas component flow.
5. A process as set forth in claim 4 wherein said step of reducing the pressure of said second gas component flow includes expanding said second gas component flow to a pressure corresponding to a delivery pressure of said vaporized gas from the tank and wherein the separated volatile constituents pass in heat exchange relation with said flow of vaporized gas and are added to said one gas component flow.
6. An apparatus for treating anD utilizing vaporized gas from a liquified gas tank of a ship for transporting liquified combustible gas comprising at least one gas tank; means for drawing off a flow of vaporized gas from said tank; a first compressor connected to said for drawing off means for compressing the flow of vaporized gas; a first branch line connected to said compressor to deliver one component flow of the compressed gas flow to a propulsion unit of the ship; a second compressor connected to said first compressor to receive and compress a second component flow of the compressed gas flow from said first compressor; a heat exchanger connected with said means and to said second compressor to receive the flow of vaporized gas from said tank and the flow of the compressed second gas component flow from said second compressor in heat exchange relation to heat the flow of vaporized gas and cool the second gas component flow; and a pressure reducing means connected to said heat exchanger and said tank to deliver the second gas component flow to said tank in at least partly liquified form.
7. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a second branch line between said first compressor and said second compressor to convey the second gas component therebetween.
8. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises an after-cooler downstream of said first compressor for cooling the compressed flow of vaporized gas.
9. An apparatus as set forth in claim 6 which further comprises a separator connected to said heat exchanger to receive the cooled second gas component flow, a cooling passage in said heat exchanger, a line between said separator and said cooling passage for passing separated volatile gas constituents from the second gas component flow through said cooling passsage, a line between said cooling passage and said first branch line to deliver the volatile gas constituents thereto and a line between said separator and said gas tank to deliver liquified gas thereto.
US423122A 1972-12-11 1973-12-10 Process and apparatus for treating and utilizing vaporized gas in a ship for transporting liquified gas Expired - Lifetime US3885394A (en)

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ES421310A1 (en) 1976-05-01
DE2307390A1 (en) 1974-06-27
GB1401584A (en) 1975-07-16
FR2209916B1 (en) 1977-06-10
NL7302350A (en) 1974-06-13
DE2307390B2 (en) 1979-05-03
BE808420A (en) 1974-06-10
CH561620A5 (en) 1975-05-15
CA985159A (en) 1976-03-09
JPS4988904A (en) 1974-08-26
SU543360A3 (en) 1977-01-15
NO136659B (en) 1977-07-04
NO136659C (en) 1977-10-12
FR2209916A1 (en) 1974-07-05
NL155496B (en) 1978-01-16
IT1006127B (en) 1976-09-30
SE396928B (en) 1977-10-10
PL85439B1 (en) 1976-04-30

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