US3870588A - Method of constructing a heat insulating wall of foamed sulfur - Google Patents

Method of constructing a heat insulating wall of foamed sulfur Download PDF

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Publication number
US3870588A
US3870588A US339659A US33965973A US3870588A US 3870588 A US3870588 A US 3870588A US 339659 A US339659 A US 339659A US 33965973 A US33965973 A US 33965973A US 3870588 A US3870588 A US 3870588A
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Prior art keywords
sulfur
layer
heat insulating
wall
foamed
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Expired - Lifetime
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US339659A
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English (en)
Inventor
Katsuro Yamamoto
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Eneos Globe Corp
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Eneos Globe Corp
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/04—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers
    • F17C3/06—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by insulating layers on the inner surface, i.e. in contact with the stored fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0329—Foam
    • F17C2203/0333—Polyurethane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0337—Granular
    • F17C2203/0341—Perlite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0354—Wood
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0678—Concrete
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/035—Propane butane, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/031—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer
    • F17C2260/033—Dealing with losses due to heat transfer by enhancing insulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/902—Foam
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249967—Inorganic matrix in void-containing component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
    • Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a heat insulating wall for low temperature liquefied gases for storing or transporting low temperature liquefied gases such as liquefied petroleum gases which are in a gaseous state at room temperature and can be liquefied at low temperature under atmospheric pressure, and more particularly a heat insulating wall having a compression resisting structure for the abovementioned application which can support the internal pressure of the tank by itself.
  • the heat insulating wall of this kind is conventionally formed either of a single material such as foam concrete or pearlite concrete, foam glass, hard polyurethane foam, etc. or of a composite heat insulating material composed of a proper compression resisting reinforcing material and a heat insulating material which has a high heat insulating characteristic but is inferior in compression resisting characteristic, such as glass wool, granular pearlite, etc.
  • foam concrete or pearlite concrete has a high compression resisting characteristic, they are inferior in heat insulating characteristic, and furthermore, they are hygroscopic.
  • Foam glass or hard polyurethane foam can improve the heat insulating performance of a heat insulating wall, but since these materials are rather expensive, and thus the cost of the heat insulating wall is also correspondingly increased.
  • the composite heat insulating material as mentioned above is used, a complicated frame structure is required for the heat insulating wall, whereby it becomes difficult to obtain a heat insulating wall which is uniform over the surface thereof regarding the load supporting characteristic. Furthermore, such a structure has a low efficiency of construction, and accordingly, possesses the drawback that the cost of construction is relatively high.
  • the heat insulating wall if a leakage of the low temperature liquefled gases has occurred at an inner vessel containing the liquefied gases, the heat insulating wall will be wetted with the liquefied gases and lose its heat insulating performance, creating the danger that the very low temperature of the low temperature liquefied gases is transmitted to an outer vessel through the heat insulating wall.
  • breakage of the outer vessel can be caused by low temperature brittleness.
  • a heat insulating wall formed by blowing melted sulfur including a foaming agent at the inner surface of an outer vessel of a rigid structure and having the sulfur foamed and solidified to form a substantially continuous wall, wherein said wall is adapted to include therein crack preventing materials.
  • Sulfur is by itself superior in compression resistance as well as heat insulating characteristics, has a high adhesiveness, and is anti-wearing. Furthermore, sulfur is non hydygroscopic and is a very stable material.
  • the heat insulating wall is easily constructed on the site.
  • the foams generated in the layer form a number of independent spaces within the continuous layer, whereby the heat insulating characteristic of the wall is improved, while maintaining the impermeability of the wall to humidity, and at the same time reducing the specific weight of the heat insulating layer.
  • the wall Since a continuous layer is formed by blowing melted and fluidal sulfur, the wall is provided with a uniform load supporting characteristic. By mixing some fibrous crack preventing materials such as glass wool in the continuous layer of sulfur, the strength of the wall, especially its anticracking characteristic is very much improved.
  • the heat insulating wall according to this invention may preferably be provided with a fluidtight surface layer of sulfur at the inner surface portion of the continuous layer.
  • the continuous layer made of the foamed sulfur according to this invention has by itself impermeability to fluid since the foamed spaces left in the layer are respectively independent, the above-mentioned surface layer of sulfur provides a more favorable inner surface condition of the continuous layer by covering therewith edge portions of the crack preventing materials or broken edges of the foamed spaces exposed to the surface of the continuous layer.
  • sulfur becomes fluidal by being heated up to a relatively low temperature such as degrees Centigrade and has a high adhesiveness so that it sticks firmly to the same or foreign materials. Therefore, the abovementioned surface layer of sulfur can be easily formed by attaching fluid sulfur at the inner surface of the continuous layer in the manner of coating or plastering, whereby the attached layer of sulfur is firmly held there and cannot be removed, even under the application of vibrations or shocks. Thus, the safety of the heat insulating layer is further improved by the addition of such an inner surface layer.
  • the heat insulating layer composed of the foamed sulfur layer and the solid inner surface layer of sulfur provides a sufficiently high impermeability to low temperature liquefied gases so that the low temperature liquefied gases to be stored in the tank can be directly held by the inner surface of the inner surface layer of the heat insulating wall.
  • the heat insulating wall of the abovementioned structure is used as a heat insulating layer for supporting an inner membranous vessel of a low temperature liquefied gas tank of the membrane type
  • the heat insulating layer provides a smooth supporting surface for the inner membranous vessel and at the same time operates as a secondary barrier wall for provisionally checking leakage of the liquefied gases when a leakage has occurred at the inner membranous vessel.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are partial views in section of two embodiments of the heat insulating wall according to this invention.
  • a rigid outer vessel 1 made of normal steel, compression resisting concrete, etc. is attached with a continuous heat insulating layer 2 formed by blowing melted sulfur including a foaming agent at the inner surface of the outer vessel and having the melted sulfur foamed and solidified, said continuous layer 2 including therein a crack preventing material 3 such as glass wool.
  • a crack preventing material 3 such as glass wool.
  • the continuous layer 2 there are generated a number of independent foams 4 which, after the solidification of the sulfur, leave corresponding foamed spaces.
  • the crack preventing material 3 other materials such as plywood, wire net, etc. may also be used.
  • the inner surface 5 of the continuous layer 2 is not perfectly smooth due to the projections of some end portions of the crack preventing material and the presence of some foamed spaces which are partly exposed to the inner surface 5.
  • the inner surface of the continuous layer 2 is covered with a fluid-tight solid layer 6 of sulfur which has been formed by coating the inner surface 5 by melted sulfur.
  • the heat insulating walls as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 are usually used as a compression resisting heat insulating wall for supporting an inner membranous vessel (not shown) of a low temperature liquefied gas tank of a membrane type, but in some cases the low temperature liquefied gases may be directly stored at the inside of the continuous layer 2 or the inner surface layer 6.
  • a method of constructing a heat insulating wall of foamed sulfur which comprises blowing, in the form of a layer, melted sulfur containing a foaming agent to the inner surface of an outer vessel of a rigid structure, said sulfur foaming and solidifying upon its application to said surface to form a substantially continuous wall.
  • a method of constructing a high compression resisting, heat-insulating wall of foamed sulfur having a high degree of adhesiveness, a high resistance to cracking is impermeable to fluids, especially lowtemperature liquefied gasses and can be constructed at the site location which comprises blowing, in the form of a layer, melted sulfur containing a foaming agent and a crack-preventing material to a rigid structure, said sulfur foaming and solidifying upon its application to said rigid structure to form a substantially continuous wall thereon, said wall having a plurality of relatively small, substantially uniform, closed-cell voids uniformally dispersed throughout the sulfur layer.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US339659A 1972-03-13 1973-03-09 Method of constructing a heat insulating wall of foamed sulfur Expired - Lifetime US3870588A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47025488A JPS4894048A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-13 1972-03-13

Publications (1)

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US3870588A true US3870588A (en) 1975-03-11

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US (1) US3870588A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4894048A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1378275A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929947A (en) * 1974-08-08 1975-12-30 Us Interior Process for manufacturing wallboard and the like
US4028158A (en) * 1976-01-19 1977-06-07 The Celotex Corporation Structural laminate and method for making same
US4219128A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-08-26 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Sulfur electrode container construction and method of manufacture
US4242409A (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-12-30 Shelter Insulation, Inc. Process for crimping a non-woven mat and foam structure produced therewith
US5024342A (en) * 1988-11-07 1991-06-18 Dallum Barry J Corrosion resistant containers
US5421922A (en) * 1991-08-13 1995-06-06 Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. Method for applying a foamed fiber insulation
CN105570664A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-05-11 悌埃保温制品（上海）有限公司 用于液化气低温储罐绝热保冷的保温板
CN109336060A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2019-02-15 王清玉 一种节能环保熔硫器

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5390218U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-12-24 1978-07-24
GB2277370B (en) * 1993-04-23 1996-09-18 Boc Group Plc Gas cylinders

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1454344A (en) * 1923-05-08 Canada
US2305209A (en) * 1940-10-31 1942-12-15 Texas Gulf Sulphur Co Method and apparatus for solidifying molten sulphur
US3337355A (en) * 1965-02-04 1967-08-22 Southwest Patents Inc Solid foamed sulphur and process for the manufacture thereof
US3619437A (en) * 1969-02-25 1971-11-09 U F Chemical Corp Method of charging a cavity with urea-formaldehyde foam insulating material
US3644168A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-02-22 Upjohn Co Varied density polyisocyanurate foam structure
US3787276A (en) * 1970-04-13 1974-01-22 G Jacquelin Corrugated cardboard containing sulphur foam

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1454344A (en) * 1923-05-08 Canada
US2305209A (en) * 1940-10-31 1942-12-15 Texas Gulf Sulphur Co Method and apparatus for solidifying molten sulphur
US3337355A (en) * 1965-02-04 1967-08-22 Southwest Patents Inc Solid foamed sulphur and process for the manufacture thereof
US3619437A (en) * 1969-02-25 1971-11-09 U F Chemical Corp Method of charging a cavity with urea-formaldehyde foam insulating material
US3787276A (en) * 1970-04-13 1974-01-22 G Jacquelin Corrugated cardboard containing sulphur foam
US3644168A (en) * 1970-06-12 1972-02-22 Upjohn Co Varied density polyisocyanurate foam structure

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3929947A (en) * 1974-08-08 1975-12-30 Us Interior Process for manufacturing wallboard and the like
US4028158A (en) * 1976-01-19 1977-06-07 The Celotex Corporation Structural laminate and method for making same
US4219128A (en) * 1978-10-10 1980-08-26 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Sulfur electrode container construction and method of manufacture
US4242409A (en) * 1978-12-01 1980-12-30 Shelter Insulation, Inc. Process for crimping a non-woven mat and foam structure produced therewith
US5024342A (en) * 1988-11-07 1991-06-18 Dallum Barry J Corrosion resistant containers
US5421922A (en) * 1991-08-13 1995-06-06 Laboratorios Del Dr. Esteve, S.A. Method for applying a foamed fiber insulation
CN105570664A (zh) * 2016-01-29 2016-05-11 悌埃保温制品（上海）有限公司 用于液化气低温储罐绝热保冷的保温板
CN109336060A (zh) * 2018-10-31 2019-02-15 王清玉 一种节能环保熔硫器
CN109336060B (zh) * 2018-10-31 2021-12-10 浙江程阳机电有限公司 一种节能环保熔硫器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4894048A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-04
GB1378275A (en) 1974-12-27

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