US3864945A - Slide fastener and method of making same - Google Patents

Slide fastener and method of making same Download PDF

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Publication number
US3864945A
US3864945A US349005A US34900573A US3864945A US 3864945 A US3864945 A US 3864945A US 349005 A US349005 A US 349005A US 34900573 A US34900573 A US 34900573A US 3864945 A US3864945 A US 3864945A
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United States
Prior art keywords
slide
loops
shanks
warp
loop
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Expired - Lifetime
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US349005A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfons Frohlich
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Opti Holding AG
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Opti Holding AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D401/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D405/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D405/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings
    • C07D405/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing both one or more hetero rings having oxygen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, and one or more rings having nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D409/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D409/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A coupling element of the meandering-coil type. with a row of coupling heads formed on bight portions of a series of loops of a monofilament lying substantially in planes perpendicular to that row, is tied to a warpknitted fabric by knitting stitches interlinking either or both shanks of each loop with a plurality of wales paralleling the row of coupling heads.
  • the transverse courses defined by the warp chains have a spacing equal to the loop spacing, or to an aliquot fraction thereof, with the bound-in loop shanks passing through the meshes between successive courses.
  • the warp thread or threads nearest the coupling heads may be of elastic material, in-contradistinction to those remote therefrom which should be substantially inelastic.
  • My present invention relates to a coupling element adapted to be used, in its entirety or in part, as a slidefastener half co-operating with a similar element under the control of a slider.
  • a related object is to provide an expeditious method of making such a combination of a coupling element and an associated fabric structure.
  • a reliable connection between a coupling element and an associated fabric structure of the warp-knit type can be realized if the coupling element is so shaped, in a manner known per se, as to form a multiplicity of generally planar transverse loops each with two substantially parallel shanks interconnected by a bight portion which carries a coupling formation (generally a pair of oppositely facing coupling heads), the planes of the loops being perpendicular to the wales of the fabric structure.
  • these wales are formed by chains of warp threads at least some of which are tied around either or both shanks of each loop.
  • a coupling element of the character described can be a conventional meandering monofilament of thermoplastic material, such as a polyamide (nylon).
  • the width of the fabric structure may equal that of the coupling element, in which case the bound-in shanks are all that is needed to link'the several wales to one another so that the use of a weft is not necessary.
  • the fabric may also be wider than the coupling element and in that event should include weft links which may partly extend into the region between the coupling loops.
  • both shanks of each loop are to be tied into the fabric by its warp chains, these chains may form common meshes around the two shanks which is easily done if the loops are narrow. However,.it is also possible to let the shanks of each loop be engaged by separate warp chains which may or may not be interlinked. in pairs,
  • the necessary yieldability of the coupling heads combined with structural rigidity of the overall fastener is enhanced by making one or more warp threads proximal to the coupling heads of relatively elastic material and making the remaining loop-engaging warp threads, remote from the coupling heads, of relatively inelastic material.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a representative portion of a slide-fastener half embodying my invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken on the line [I ll of FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are views similar to FIG. 2, showing different modifications
  • FIG. 5 is another cross-sectional view illustrating a complete slide fastener together with an associated slider
  • FIG. 5A is a fragmentary plan view of a fastener half shown in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view similar to FIG. 1, showing another embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view similar to FIG. 5, taken on the line VII VII of FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 is a plan view of a precursor of a slide-fastener half of the type illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, illustrating the method of its formation.
  • Each of the several slide-fastener halves shown in the various views of the drawing comprises, basically, a warp-knit fabric 1 and an elongate coupling element 2 organically bound to each other, i.e., with all the warp threads of the fabric in a zone 4 thereof tied directly to the coupling element.
  • This element 2 is a meandering monofilament with a multiplicity of loops lying in planes P transverse to a line 7 which is the longitudinal axis of symmetry of a complete slide fastener (see, for
  • FIG. 6 which lies close to a longitudinal edge of the fabric confronting the other slide-fastener half.
  • Each loop includes a lower shank 5 and an upper shank 6 as well as a bight portion 8, all lying substantially in the transverse plane P, as well as a pair of coupling heads 9 on bight portion 8.
  • the loops are integrally interconnected by links 10 extending generally parallel to line 7.
  • the fabric 1 of FIGS. 1 3 has a width greater than that of coupling element 2 so that a section 3 thereof. adjacent zone 4, lies rearwardly of the links 10.
  • Section 3 includes weft threads laid-in among warp chains forming wales 11 which are parallel to line 7, these weft threads following a 3-3/0-0 pattern as explained in the two commonly owned applications and patents identified above. It will be understood that the lay of these weft threads is not critical and might range over a smaller or large number of wales.
  • the fabric zone 4 occupied by the coupling element 2 may encompass different numbers of wales, eg between two and 10. These wales are chained in a simple tricot stitch or fringe pattern 0-l/ 1-0 though other patterns could also be used.
  • weft threads 15 extend into the zone 4 for the purpose of providing a denser fabric structure in area 3; their presence in zone 4 is otherwise not essential.
  • the spacing of planes P which contain the coupling loops of element 2, corresponds to the stitch length 14 between successive courses 12 which coincide with the vertices of the undulations of weft threads 15.
  • the loop spacing could also be a whole multiple of stitch length 14.
  • the warp threads of zone 4 are cast around both shanks 5 and 6 of each loop coupling which is thereby fully bound into the fabric.
  • These shanks may be provided with projections or other surface formations, as shown at 13 in FIG. 4, to hold the warp threads in position on the shanks 5 and 6.
  • a simple roughening of the filament surface will suffice to accomplish this aim.
  • the fastener half of FIG. 3 is produced with a reduced stroke of the knitting needles so that the warp threads 11 of zone 4 pass only around the lower shank 5 of each loop.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the possibility of forming separate but interlinked meshes about the upper and lower shanks of each loop.
  • This Figure further illustrates that the lower shanks 5' of the loops of a modified coupling element 21 may be extended into the fabric zone 3 offset from the upper shanks 6, thereby eliminating the need for weft linkages in that zone.
  • FIGS. 5 and 5A I have shown two interengaging slide-fastener halves whose coupling elements 2 form alternating shorter and longer loops with shanks 5a, 6a and 5b, 6b, respectively.
  • the associated fabrics whose width in this case is limited to that of the coupling elements, have sections 1' and 1" respectively engaging the lower shanks 5a, 5b and the upper shanks 6a, 6b.
  • These fabrics are additionally fastened by stitching 18 to sheets 16 which may be parts of garments or other articles joined to each other by the fastener.
  • the latter includes a slider 19 of the type described and claimed in my copending application Ser. No. 348,110 filed Apr. 5, I973; this slider has a pair of coplanar wings 20 in camming engagement with bight portions 8a of the shorter loops which closely adjoin the longer loops carrying the coupling heads 9 on their bight portions 8b.
  • the projecting parts of the longer loops are engaged by warp threads forming forwardly positioned wales 11 which, as indicated in FIG. 5A, may be relatively elastic compared with the inelastic warp threads forming rearwardly positioned wales 11 to which all the loops of element 2 are anchored.
  • the spacing of these loops, and therefore of the intervening courses 12, is substantially closer than in FIG. 1 since the foreshortening of the shanks 5a and 6a relatively to the shanks 5b and 6b affords sufficient space for the penetration of the opposing coupling heads.
  • the stitching 18 is disposed beyond the area of penetration and may pass through filler cords 17 as illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7; the latter Figures show an arrangement differing from that of FIGS. 5 and 5A only in the fact that all loops have shanks 5, 6 of equal length and bight portions 8 carrying coupling heads 9.
  • FIG. 8 shows a precursor ofone of the fastener halves of FIGS. 6 and 7, with the monofilament 2 undulating in one planev and having the coupling heads 9 disposed on a centerline C bisecting its undulations.
  • the sections of these undulations on opposite sides ofthat centerline are engaged by wales 11, 11 of separate fabric strips 1 which come to lie in parallel planes, one above the other, when the 'monofilament is bent into U-shape about centerline C into the form shown in FIGS. 6 and 7.
  • thermoplastic monofilament Aside from this bending operation, which requires a heat-softening of the thermoplastic monofilament, I prefer to preshape these monofilaments so that they are already looped and provided with coupling heads before being interknitted with the associated fabric structure.
  • a slide-fastener half comprising:
  • an elongate monofilam entary coupling element forming a multiplicity of generally planar transverse loops each with two substantially parallel shanks interconnected by a bight portion, the bight portions of at least some of said loops bearing coupling heads engageable with complementary coupling heads on an adjoining slide-fastener half;
  • a warp-knit fabric structure with chains of warp threads forming a plurality of parallel wales perpendicular to said loops, the shanks of each loop extending across several of said wales having chain stitches tied around at least one shank of each loop.
  • a method of making a slide-fastener half comprising the steps of:

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Plural Heterocyclic Compounds (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Slide Fasteners (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
US349005A 1970-09-25 1973-04-09 Slide fastener and method of making same Expired - Lifetime US3864945A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7578570A 1970-09-25 1970-09-25
DE2216829A DE2216829A1 (de) 1970-09-25 1972-04-07 Reissverschluss
US26968472A 1972-07-07 1972-07-07
US05/529,151 US4011218A (en) 1970-09-25 1974-12-03 1,2,4-triazoles
US54356375A 1975-01-23 1975-01-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3864945A true US3864945A (en) 1975-02-11

Family

ID=27510246

Family Applications (5)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US349005A Expired - Lifetime US3864945A (en) 1970-09-25 1973-04-09 Slide fastener and method of making same
US05/529,151 Expired - Lifetime US4011218A (en) 1970-09-25 1974-12-03 1,2,4-triazoles
US05/722,968 Expired - Lifetime US4071518A (en) 1970-09-25 1976-09-13 Di-and tri-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles
US05/740,290 Expired - Lifetime US4102889A (en) 1970-09-25 1976-11-09 1,2,4-Triazoles
US05/879,530 Expired - Lifetime US4156085A (en) 1970-09-25 1978-02-21 1,2,4-Triazoles

Family Applications After (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/529,151 Expired - Lifetime US4011218A (en) 1970-09-25 1974-12-03 1,2,4-triazoles
US05/722,968 Expired - Lifetime US4071518A (en) 1970-09-25 1976-09-13 Di-and tri-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles
US05/740,290 Expired - Lifetime US4102889A (en) 1970-09-25 1976-11-09 1,2,4-Triazoles
US05/879,530 Expired - Lifetime US4156085A (en) 1970-09-25 1978-02-21 1,2,4-Triazoles

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (5) US3864945A (ko)
AU (1) AU475491B2 (ko)
BE (1) BE781055A (ko)
CA (1) CA950463A (ko)
CH (1) CH562813A5 (ko)
DE (2) DE2147794A1 (ko)
FR (2) FR2107984B1 (ko)
GB (2) GB1358893A (ko)
NL (1) NL7112373A (ko)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075874A (en) * 1976-05-20 1978-02-28 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann Gmbh Slide-fastener stringer half with knitted-in coupling elements and method of making same
US4137733A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-02-06 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann Gmbh Slide-fastener-stringer half with knitted-in coupling elements and method of making same
US4492098A (en) * 1980-07-12 1985-01-08 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann Gmbh Method of making a slide fastener coupling strip
US5035125A (en) * 1989-02-25 1991-07-30 Opti-Patent-, Forschungs-Und Fabrikations-Ag Slide-fastener stringer half with knitted-in coupling coil
US5415007A (en) * 1990-01-31 1995-05-16 Eng-Tex Ab Fabric used in trousers and trouser legs to serve as saw guard inserts
US5685177A (en) * 1995-05-18 1997-11-11 Ykk Corporation Knit slide fastener with reinforced edge section for attachment of chain
EP0925736A2 (en) * 1997-12-26 1999-06-30 Ykk Corporation Knitted slide fastener
EP1705275A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-09-27 Ykk Corporation Knitted-in slide fastener

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NL7112373A (ko) * 1970-09-25 1972-03-28
US3882134A (en) * 1973-05-21 1975-05-06 Merck & Co Inc 1-Substituted-3,5-dipyridyl-1,2,4-triazoles
US4104393A (en) * 1976-04-02 1978-08-01 Merck & Co., Inc. 1,3,5-Trisubstituted-1,2,4-triazole compounds
DE2745496A1 (de) * 1977-10-10 1979-05-17 Bayer Ag Neue 1-n-substituierte 1.4-dihydropyridazine, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung sowie ihre verwendung als arzneimittel
US4256887A (en) * 1978-04-06 1981-03-17 Merck & Co., Inc. 1,2,4-Triazoles and a method for their preparation
AT376423B (de) * 1978-04-26 1984-11-26 Glaxo Group Ltd Verfahren zur herstellung von neuen 1,2,4triazolderivaten
US4276297A (en) * 1979-06-18 1981-06-30 Pfizer Inc. Pyridylaminotriazole therapeutic agents
US4400516A (en) * 1979-10-15 1983-08-23 The Dow Chemical Co. Heterocyclic substituted triazole-3-ol compounds
DE3026487C1 (de) * 1980-07-12 1984-08-02 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann GmbH, Cham Reissverschluss mit gewirkten Tragbaendern und darin eingewirkten Verschlussgliederreihen
US4338453A (en) * 1980-09-17 1982-07-06 The Upjohn Company Aminoalkyl-1,2,4-triazoles
DE3439450A1 (de) * 1984-10-27 1986-05-07 Boehringer Ingelheim KG, 6507 Ingelheim 1,2,4-triazolo-carbamate und ihre saeureadditionssalze, verfahren zu ihrer herstellung und arzneimittel
DE3514450A1 (de) * 1985-04-22 1986-10-23 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Verfahren zur herstellung von imidaten sowie neue arylsubstituierte imidate
EP0221947B1 (en) * 1985-05-07 1990-11-28 ALKALOIDA VEGYéSZETI GYáR Triazolyl quinoline derivatives
DE3634162A1 (de) * 1986-10-07 1988-04-21 Ries Gmbh Bekleidungsverschlus Reissverschluss und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE3905933A1 (de) * 1989-02-25 1990-09-06 Opti Patent Forschung Fab Reissverschluss mit zwei schraubenwendelfoermigen verschlussgliederreihen aus kunststoffmonofilament
DE3905934A1 (de) * 1989-02-25 1990-09-06 Opti Patent Forschung Fab Reissverschluss mit zwei schraubenwendelfoermigen verschlussgliederreihen aus kunststoffmonofilament
JPH05262764A (ja) * 1992-01-24 1993-10-12 Morishita Roussel Kk １−アリール−２−（１ｈ−１，２，４−トリアゾー ル−１−イル）エタノール誘導体
JP3217846B2 (ja) * 1992-03-04 2001-10-15 クミアイ化学工業株式会社 トリアゾール誘導体及び殺虫剤
US5482951A (en) * 1992-05-29 1996-01-09 Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Triazole derivatives as well as insecticide and acaricide
TW226993B (ko) * 1992-05-29 1994-07-21 Kumiai Chemical Industry Co
JP3398828B2 (ja) * 1994-06-23 2003-04-21 ワイケイケイ株式会社 編込みスライドファスナー
TW324158U (en) * 1994-06-23 1998-01-01 Ykk Corp Knit slide fastener
US5502986A (en) * 1995-06-21 1996-04-02 Ykk Corporation Knit slide fastener
EP1044002A4 (en) 1997-11-07 2003-05-02 Univ Johns Hopkins METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HEART CONTRACTILITY
US6544785B1 (en) * 1998-09-14 2003-04-08 Mount Sinai School Of Medicine Of New York University Helper-free rescue of recombinant negative strand RNA viruses
WO2000024735A1 (en) * 1998-10-23 2000-05-04 Dow Agrosciences Llc Insecticidal 1-(substituted pyridyl)-1,2,4-triazoles
AU1131800A (en) 1998-10-23 2000-05-15 Dow Agrosciences Llc 3-(substituted phenyl)-5-(substituted heterocyclyl)-1,2,4-triazole compounds
JP3552947B2 (ja) * 1999-04-30 2004-08-11 Ｙｋｋ株式会社 編込みスライドファスナー
PL208260B1 (pl) * 2002-01-28 2011-04-29 Fuji Yakuhin Co Związki 1,2,4-triazolu, lek zawierający związek oraz zastosowanie związku
SI2217577T1 (sl) * 2007-11-27 2014-11-28 Ardea Biosciences, Inc. Nove spojine in sestavki ter metode uporabe
US8242154B2 (en) 2008-09-04 2012-08-14 Ardea Biosciences, Inc. Compounds, compositions and methods of using same for modulating uric acid levels
KR101294872B1 (ko) * 2008-09-04 2013-08-08 아디아 바이오사이언스즈 인크. 요산 수치를 조절하기 위한 화합물, 조성물 및 이들의 사용 방법
RU2644769C2 (ru) 2013-01-23 2018-02-14 Астразенека Аб Химические соединения

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US3651666A (en) * 1970-06-29 1972-03-28 Lightning Fasteners Ltd Sliding clasp fastener stringers
US3657904A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-04-25 Lightning Fasteners Ltd Sliding clasp fastener stringers
US3750425A (en) * 1969-06-03 1973-08-07 D Warren Sliding clasp fastener stringers

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FR1238943A (fr) * 1958-08-19 1960-08-19 Basf Ag Procédé pour la production de triazoles-1-2-4 disubstitués en 3-5
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US3308131A (en) * 1962-12-06 1967-03-07 Du Pont Tertiary carbamyl triazoles
US3448107A (en) * 1964-12-15 1969-06-03 Pfizer & Co C Tetrazole derivatives
US3515723A (en) * 1967-11-14 1970-06-02 Merck & Co Inc 2 - (5 - amino - 1h - 1,2,4 - triazol - 3 - yl)- 3-aminopyrazines and processes for their preparation
NL7112373A (ko) * 1970-09-25 1972-03-28
NL7112372A (ko) * 1970-09-25 1972-03-28
US3879404A (en) * 1972-07-07 1975-04-22 John J Baldwin Certain 5-(pyridyl)-3(phenyl)-1,2,4-triazoles

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3750425A (en) * 1969-06-03 1973-08-07 D Warren Sliding clasp fastener stringers
US3651666A (en) * 1970-06-29 1972-03-28 Lightning Fasteners Ltd Sliding clasp fastener stringers
US3657904A (en) * 1970-07-06 1972-04-25 Lightning Fasteners Ltd Sliding clasp fastener stringers

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4075874A (en) * 1976-05-20 1978-02-28 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann Gmbh Slide-fastener stringer half with knitted-in coupling elements and method of making same
US4137733A (en) * 1976-05-20 1979-02-06 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann Gmbh Slide-fastener-stringer half with knitted-in coupling elements and method of making same
US4492098A (en) * 1980-07-12 1985-01-08 Optilon W. Erich Heilmann Gmbh Method of making a slide fastener coupling strip
US5035125A (en) * 1989-02-25 1991-07-30 Opti-Patent-, Forschungs-Und Fabrikations-Ag Slide-fastener stringer half with knitted-in coupling coil
US5415007A (en) * 1990-01-31 1995-05-16 Eng-Tex Ab Fabric used in trousers and trouser legs to serve as saw guard inserts
US5685177A (en) * 1995-05-18 1997-11-11 Ykk Corporation Knit slide fastener with reinforced edge section for attachment of chain
EP0925736A2 (en) * 1997-12-26 1999-06-30 Ykk Corporation Knitted slide fastener
EP0925736A3 (en) * 1997-12-26 1999-12-01 Ykk Corporation Knitted slide fastener
EP1705275A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-09-27 Ykk Corporation Knitted-in slide fastener
US20060213235A1 (en) * 2005-03-25 2006-09-28 Yoshio Matsuda Knitted-in slide fastener
US7240521B2 (en) 2005-03-25 2007-07-10 Ykk Corporation Knitted-in slide fastener
CN100569136C (zh) * 2005-03-25 2009-12-16 Ykk株式会社 织入拉链

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU5422673A (en) 1974-10-10
FR2179222B1 (ko) 1976-11-12
FR2179222A1 (ko) 1973-11-16
GB1358893A (en) 1974-07-03
FR2107984A1 (ko) 1972-05-12
DE2147794A1 (de) 1972-03-30
US4156085A (en) 1979-05-22
NL7112373A (ko) 1972-03-28
BE781055A (fr) 1972-09-22
CA950463A (en) 1974-07-02
CH562813A5 (ko) 1975-06-13
GB1415563A (en) 1975-11-26
DE2216829A1 (de) 1973-10-18
US4102889A (en) 1978-07-25
FR2107984B1 (ko) 1975-08-01
US4071518A (en) 1978-01-31
AU475491B2 (en) 1976-08-26
US4011218A (en) 1977-03-08
AU3342771A (en) 1973-03-22

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