US3864326A - Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices - Google Patents

Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices Download PDF

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Publication number
US3864326A
US3864326A US255681A US25568172A US3864326A US 3864326 A US3864326 A US 3864326A US 255681 A US255681 A US 255681A US 25568172 A US25568172 A US 25568172A US 3864326 A US3864326 A US 3864326A
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Prior art keywords
nebulizer
liquid
spherical
plenum chamber
outlet
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US255681A
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English (en)
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Robert S Babington
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to US255681A priority Critical patent/US3864326A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to FR7318581A priority patent/FR2186006A5/fr
Priority to CA172,306A priority patent/CA1034458A/en
Priority to JP48057105A priority patent/JPS5741260B2/ja
Priority to GB2427973A priority patent/GB1429516A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3864326A publication Critical patent/US3864326A/en
Priority to CA266,037A priority patent/CA1028211A/en
Priority to US05/765,724 priority patent/USRE30285E/en
Priority to CA299,409A priority patent/CA1045489A/en
Priority to JP56180257A priority patent/JPS5923815B2/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/166—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the material to be sprayed being heated in a container
    • B05B7/1666—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the material to be sprayed being heated in a container fixed to the discharge device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M11/00—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes
    • A61M11/06—Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes of the injector type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M15/00—Inhalators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/0012—Apparatus for achieving spraying before discharge from the apparatus

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A relatively simple air or air-oxygen powered device utilizing the principles disclosed in US. Pat. Nos. 3,421,692 and 3,421,699 comprises means for feeding liquid to the atomizing sphere and the combination of multiple spray producing sources and treatment of atomized particles by various techniques to produce extremely dense mists or fogs adapted for inhalation by human subjects.
  • the sought-for benefit can be obtained by enveloping the patient or, at least the trunk, head and shoulders of the patient in a sealed housing into which the medicant is introduced in aerosolized form, along with the necessary breathing air.
  • Specific examples of such arrangements are croup tents, oxygen tents, incubators and the like.
  • the medicants be introduced directly into the human or animal respiratory tract by connection of the patient to the nebulizer via surgical incision.
  • An example of such circumstances is the treatment of patients recovering from extensive throat surgery in which a tracheotomy is required.
  • a successful medical nebulizer, vaporizer or atomizer should a. be able to introduce a liquid preparation which may be water or some type of medicant into. the carrier fluid to effect sufficient application of the medicant,
  • nebulizer should meet each to the ultimate degree of refinement, the practical fact is that a home vaporizer need not be as refined as the equipment used in a hospital, Similarly, a nebulizer source to a croup tent would deliver a higher capacity of aerosol than a device used for post-operative treatment by direct respiratory tract application. Obviously, too, the cost of a home vaporizer differs radically from the cost of more sophisticated hospital equipment because hospital equipment should meet all of the stated requirements to the ultimate degree.
  • the present invention deals with nebulizing devices and techniques to accomplish the desired results.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a simple, easily used, inexpensive nebulizer capable of general medical use.
  • Another object of the invention is to produce a nebulizer which is capable of atomizing medicants to the ultimate degree of fineness to permit direct introduction of the medicant into the respiratory system of a patient.
  • An additional object of the invention is to produce a nebulizer which is virtually foolproof in operation and application.
  • Still another object of the invention is to produce a nebulizer which can be easily and simply cleaned.
  • a further object of the invention is to produce a nebulizer which is completely reliable and devoid of complex, expensive electronic or mechanical parts.
  • Still a further object of the invention is to produce a nebulizer which is so inexpensive as to permit the average patient to be able to afford proper respiratory therapy at home.
  • a further object of the invention is to produce a nebulizer which provides a maximum number of highlyrespirable particles per volume of carrier air, so that with each breath a patient derives maximum benefit from the therapeutic aerosol.
  • a nebulizer comprised of a base receptacle or flask; a spherical plenum having at least one aperture therein; air pressure means communicating with said plenum; feed means for depositing water or medicant in liquid form over said spherical plenum, said means may include an air lift pump for lifting liquid from the bottom of the base flask; a holding reservoir receiving the output of said pump, said holding reservoir having outlet means adjacent said plenum for depositing said medicant on said plenum surface.
  • Heater means may be provided in the bottom of said chamber and means may be provided for automatically replenishing the medicant to the base receptacle.
  • the nebulizer may include spray impactor means for further reducing particle sizes of the aerosolized medicants or liquids and combinations of plenums and impactors may be provided to increase mass median density and capacity of a nebulizer to meet varying conditions and requirements.
  • FIG. 1 is a side sectional elevational view of a basic medical nebulizer
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a modified form of the structure of the main chamber shown in FIG. 1,
  • FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of the syphon/- vacuum actuated filling tubes shown in FIG. 2,
  • FIG. 4 is a sectional view of a modified form of plenum chamber
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a further modification of the basic invention
  • FIG. 6 is a side elevational view of a high density vapor producing modification utilizing the basic principles of the invention
  • FIG. 6a is a partial sectional view showing a plenum sphere modified to include two air discharge ports or slots and particularly adapted for use in the FIG. 6 configuration
  • FIG. 7 is a partial sectional view showing a further modification ofthe invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing an alternative position for dual aerosol-Creating sources
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing modification of the apparatus by the use of an impactor, which modification is particularly applicable to the basic concepts as shown in FIGS. 1, 6 and 7, and
  • FIG. 10 is a further modification of the fundamental concept of the nebulizer and may be used in any of the disclosed configurations, as for example FIGS. 1, 6 and 7.
  • FIG. 1 it should be understood that the disclosure is that of the most simple, easily fabricated form of the invention, as well as the materials from which it may be fabricated. Various additions may be made thereto and any one of any number of materials, alone or in combination, may be used to fabricate the structure.
  • the essential requirement for the material or materials selected is that they be non-porous and non-corrosive or non-rusting or have a surface that is non-absorptive; can withstand relatively high temperatures, so the apparatus may be autoclaved for sterilization; and are relatively durable so as to minimize breakage and the like.
  • the main part of the nebulizer comprises an open-topped base receptacle or flask 10 in this case made of glass which may be tempered to prevent breakage.
  • the bottom 1 of the base receptacle 10 is somewhat wider than an open top 3 so as to provide for additional stability to prevent spilling or tipover of the base flask.
  • the base flask 10 is provided with a series of openings 5 in its cylindrical side wall 7; these openings being spaced below the open top 3 at a given distance as will be apparent subsequently.
  • a tube 9 Extending through side wall 7 is a tube 9 which terminates at one end within the base flask 10 in a bulbous or spherical plenum chamber 13 having a small aperture 15 in its uppermost surface.
  • the opposite end of tube 9 extends outwardly of wall 7 a sufficient distance to enable friction engagement thereon of a flexible tube (not shown) which in turn is connected to a suitable source of air or oxygen under pressure.
  • the tube 9 is also provided with a small bore, branch conduit 17 which, as shown. extends downwardly toward the bottom of flask 10 and runs across the lowermost portion thereof closely adjacent the bottom 1 to terminate in an upwardly extending leg 19.
  • This tubular conduit 17 defines an air pump tube.
  • tube 9, chamber 13 and branch conduit 17, etc. is shown as fabricated of glass because this material is easy to form and, as taught in the aforesaid Babington et al. patents, the glass plenum chamber provides a surface upon which it is easy to obtain the filming of liquid medicant (for which the carrier is usually water, or in sone cases just plain water, in order to obtain the proper spray or aerosol fineness and density.
  • liquid medicant for which the carrier is usually water, or in sone cases just plain water, in order to obtain the proper spray or aerosol fineness and density.
  • a closure assembly 20 Seated on top of base flask 10 is a closure assembly 20.
  • the closure assembly is illustrated as being formed from glass.
  • the closure assembly comprises a cylindrical collar 21 having an annular lug 23 on the outside.
  • Lug 23 defines a support which rests on the rim of top 3 of base flask 10.
  • the bottom of the collar 21 merges with the divergent, generally conical lower end 27 of an exhaust chimney 26.
  • the collar 21 and the chimney wall 27 define an annular receptacle which forms, as will become apparem, a holding or water/air separating reservoir 25 for the liquid which is to be ultimately nebulized.
  • tube 28 opens at 31 to the interior of chamber 25 and extends downwardly to a terminus 33 disposed adjacent the bottom 1 of base flask l0 and defines a lift tube or bubble pump for lifting liquid from base flask 10 to holding reservoir 25.
  • Tubular member 29 also extends downwardly and has a lower end 35 disposed only slightly below the bottom of holding reservoir 25 and its upper end 37 disposed within holding reservoir 25; preferably, but not necessarily the end 37 is spaced slightly above the lowermost point thereof.
  • Tubular member 29 defines a nebulizer feed tube.
  • the closure assembly 20 as described is so seated on the top of base reservoir 10 that the lower end 33 of tube 28 is telescoped over the upper leg 19 of air feed branch line 17. Also the tube 29 is arranged so that it has its lower discharge end 35 disposed adjacent plenum chamber 13 to one side (approximately the two oclock position), of the aperture 15 where, as shown, the aperture 15 is located at the twelve oclock position through the plenum wall.
  • cover assembly 20 in base receptacle 10 will become obvious when the operation of the apparatus is described. It suffices to say here that proper registration between the parts can be assured by the provision of a suitable registration tongue 39 at any appropriate place on collar 21, a purely conventional arrangement to assure registration of assembled parts.
  • the final element of the assembled nebulizer or atomizer is a dome-shaped cap 40 which rests on the top of the annular lung 23 on collar 21 of closure assembly 20 and forms, with holding receptacle 25, a vented chamber.
  • the upper end of the lid 40 is provided with a central opening 41 which is somewhat larger than chimney end 26 so that when assembled, an annular space for venting is provided between chimney 26 and opening 40, when the lid is positioned with its bottom abutting the top of the annular lug 23.
  • This arrangement eliminates pulsations from the liquid in the reservoir 25 such as are created by the discharge of the bubble pump thereinto, so that the flow through tube 29 is even and regular.
  • the liquid discharges onto the surface of plenum chamber 13 and films out to flow completely over top of the spherical surface where in a highly stressed condition it is ruptured by the issue of air or gas from aperture and a portion of the liquid is dispersed upwardly in a fine mist of spheroid-like particles in the phenomenon explained in the identified Babington et al. patents.
  • the nebulizer unit has utility as a simple home-use vaporizer. If intended for such use, the base flask is simply filled with water and, perhaps, a typical inhalent-type of medicant.
  • a pump unit such as a conventional low capacity, electrically-driven type will be supplied for attachment to air conduit 9.
  • the very same unit can also be used in more sophisticated applications. For example, a tube or flexible hose may be slipped over the end of chimney 26 and the output from the unit directed into a croup tent or the like or in some instances to a face mask.
  • the very same unit can also be used in hospitals without modifications. All of the defined uses, room vaporizer, croup tent, etc., are accomplished in precisely the same manner except that since most hospitals have built-in compressed air and/or oxygen outlets in each room, the pump may be disconnected and the tube 9 connected directly to such supply.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 the modification disclosed enables use of the apparatus with an external supply such as pre-mixed inhalents supplied in separate sterilized containers 100 which may be suspended from a hook 101 for gravity feed to a nebulizer in accordance with present medical practices.
  • the container 100 is provided with two hoses 103 and 105 which are inserted through a conventional connection to the contents therein.
  • One of the hoses 103 is connected to a simple elbow tubular fitting 107 having one branch extending through wall 7' of base flask 10.
  • the elbow is inserted through the wall 7' and held in place therethrough by means of a conventional grommet 110, though same could just as well be formed integrally with wall 7 or welded or soldered or otherwise fixed therein.
  • the vertical branch of elbow conduit 107 extends down into base flask 10' some distance below the normal liquid level maintained in flask 1,0 as may be indicated by the fill mark 50'.
  • the other connector to medicant bottle 100 namely tubular conduit 105 is connected to a second elbow 111 which also is mounted through wall 7' of base flask 10 via a conventional grommet 110.
  • the wall penetrating branch of elbow 111 is connected by flexible tubing 105 to the medicant bottle 100 via a standpipe 112 which extends up toward the bottom of the inverted bottle.
  • the vertical branch of elbow 111 terminates at a point substantially in horizontal alignment with the fill mark 50.
  • base flask 10' is initially filled with the medicant to be nebulized, the connections made between bottle 100 and flask 10' via flexible conduits or tubes 103, 105 and the nebulization is startedas described above.
  • the level of medicant drops in flask 10 the lower end of elbow 111 is exposed to atmospheric air.
  • air is admitted to medicant bottle 100 and the medicant flows down flexible conduit 103 to replenish the liquid in flask 10' until the liquid level again seals off the bottom end of elbow 111.
  • conduit 105 should have a continuous slope.
  • FIG. 4 a further modification is disclosed in the form of a modified plenum and air pump tube.
  • this assembly is removably mounted via a grommet 120 through the side wall 7 of base flask 10.
  • the plenum chamber 13' is a hollow sphere from which extends conduit 9 through the grommet 120.
  • Branch tube 17 is in communication with air conduit 9 but in this instance a simple bypass throttle valve is provided whereby the amount of air bled through pump air tube 17 can be controlled.
  • the valve is illustrated as a simple needle valve having a needle 122 having a conical point 124 which seats against seat 126.
  • a finger manipulator 128 permits needle 122 to be turned whereby the action of threads 130 thereon cooperating with threads 132 in base 134 serve to raise and lower point 124 from or toward seat 126. It will be appreciated that almost any type of valve can be used to permit regulation of the air flow to pump air line 17'. While regulation of the air to pump the liquid from base flask 10 to the holding reservoir 25 is not always necessary. there are times when it may be desirable to do so, so that the volume of fluid pumped is relatively constant despite variations in air pressure to plenum 13.
  • FIG. 5 An additional and advantageous modification of the nebulizer is also shown in FIG. 5.
  • the base flask 10 is provided with an immersion heater 130 extending through wall 7 closely adjacent the bottom 1 thereof.
  • Heater 130 may be mounted in any manner in wall 7 being shown mounted via a typical liquid sealing grommet 125. It is of a standard type -120 volt resistance heater which may use the ordinary house current power and has a capacity to raise the contents of the flask 10 to about F.
  • FIG. 6 A further modification of the nebulizer is shown in FIG. 6. This structure incorporates all of the essential elements defined in the first described unit. The particular advantages of this latter unit are compact design and increased output and density in terms of medicant output per liter of carrier air or other gas.
  • the unit includes a medicant liquid holding base receptacle 101.
  • the base receptacle 101 is provided with a discharge nozzle 147 formed integrally therewith. Spaced some distance back from the end of nozzle 147 at an area 130 where the nozzle necks down is provided a series of apertures 131 which are induction parts operating in the same fashion as ports 5 of the FIG. 1 device.
  • the base receptacle is provided with an aperture in which is mounted an air inlet tube 109 which terminates in a spherical plenum chamber 113 having an aperture 115 formed in its end diametrically opposite tube 109.
  • Air inlet tube 109 is provided with two branches, one brancg forming the pressure conduit 128 for bubble pump assembly 120.
  • the second branch 114 also terminates in a spherical plenum chamber 113' having an aperture 115 therein, the aperture 115' being alined horizontally with aperture 115.
  • a holding reservoir Disposed directly above the two spherical plenum chambers 115 and 115 is a holding reservoir having two downwardly directed discharge conduits 129, 129 each of which is aligned vertically above the plenum chambers 115 and 115 respectively.
  • a protrusion or dam 127 is interposed in the liquid inlet to the reservoir to establish a liquid level above the lower surface of the reservoir.
  • the holding reservoir 125 is in communication with the feed conduit 128 having a flared terminal end 133 disposed directly above the end of pressure conduit 128 which completes bubble pump assembly 120.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 can also be adapted to the configuration shown in FIG. 6.
  • the external feed system to reservoir 101 is particularly adaptable to the FIG. 6 form of nebulizer.
  • the front sphere 113 was provided with a single discharge slot 115 while the rear sphere 113 was provided with a pair of slots or apertures 115, same being positioned in a common horizontal plane passing through the center of the sphere as illustrated in FIG. 6a.
  • the included angle a between the openings 115" and 115" is on the order of 75.
  • the larger or non-respirable particles produced by the second or third atomizers in the series never reach the spray plume of the forward atomizer, because their decaying trajectory causes them to rain-out. This serves to keep the nebulizer from becoming cluttered with non-respirable large particles, which in turn reduces the possibility of collision and agglomeration.
  • the relative velocity of the spray particles produced by the individual atomizers is reduced. This promotes more efficient droplet entrainment which in turn allows more liquid particles to be transported per volume of carrier air.
  • FIG. 7 a further modification designed to enhance the aerosol producing ability of the basic nebulizer is shown.
  • the nebulizer section includes a hollow chamber having a closed end 151 and an opening 152.
  • the chamber is generally elongated along a horizontal axis A-A passing through its center.
  • an elongated cylindrical tubular shroud 153 Disposed within chamber 150 concentric with axis A-A is an elongated cylindrical tubular shroud 153 having one end 154 spaced from closed end 151 of the chamber and the other end 155 spaced well within the chamber 152 and away from opening 152. Also disposed within the chamber 150 and the cylindrical member 153 and centered on axis A-A is a hollow sphere 156 having openings 157, 157' diametrically opposed and aligned on a diameter corresponding to axis A-A. The opening 157 is smaller than opening 157 for purposes to be described.
  • liquid admitting tube 158 Positioned directly above the hollow sphere is downwardly directed liquid admitting tube 158 having its end spaced slightly above sphere 156 and being in further communication at its other or upward end with a settling or holding reservoir 159 which is in turn provided with a liquid inlet 160.
  • a plurality of apertures 161 are provided in chamber 150 at a point slightly behind the leading or right-hand edge (as shown in FIG. 7) of the member 155. These apertures, as will be noted subsequently, are what may be called aspirating ports.
  • Relatively low pressure air in the range mentioned in connection with the basic nebulizer, is introduced into the sphere and discharges from the small outlets I57, 157.
  • the liquid be it simply water or a water-medicant combination of any desired ratio, is caused to fill the holding reservoir 159 and begins to discharge from outlet 158 to flood the surface of the sphere, flowing over the openings 157, 157.
  • Due to the differential in output created by the relatively larger size of opening 157 the aerosolized liquid is discharged outwardly of the chamber via mouth 152. This flow creates an area of reduced pressure at the closed end such that aspirating air is caused to enter openings 16] and flow rearwardly toward the end 151 between the chamber wall and the internal cylindrical shroud 153.
  • the aspirated air passes beyond the rear end 154 of the shroud 153 its path of flow is reversed and it travels toward the sphere 156 where it encounters aerosolized liquid created by the air flow through the smaller opening 157.
  • the aspirated air is moisture conditioned as it travels through cylindrical shroud 153 in the direction of end 155 thereof and encounters the aerosolized medicant or whatever that is created by the opening 157.
  • the air is preconditioned as close to the point of saturation as is possible before it emerges from the shroud with the result that the aerosolized liquid created at opening 157 remains in suspension in virtually its entirety since none of it is evaporated simply to raise the relative humidity of the air traveling through the interior of the shroud.
  • FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 there are disclosed additional modifications of the basic concept whereby the mass median diameter of aerosolized liquid produced by the basic device of FIGS. 1, 6 or the modification of FIG. 7 may be markedly increased. All of these modifications utilize the principle that it is possible to impact air entrained liquid particles to physically break up the particles to smaller size.
  • FIG. 8 there is disclosed the use of two spheres I80, 182, each having a single aperture 184, I86 respectively and means 188, 190 for discharging a liquid film onto the spheres for atomization according to the principles described previously.
  • the outlets I84, 186 are so positioned that the air emerges therefrom on a collision or intersecting path.
  • the included angle formed by coplanar intersecting lines passing through the openings 184, 186 would be 90 or less.
  • FIG. 10 A variation of this arrangement is also disclosed in FIG. 10 where the spheres 180', 182 are positioned with the openings 184, 186' in mutually opposed relationship or, expressed in terms of included angle, this angle is 180.
  • the air emerges from the openings 184, 186, 184', 186' to cause the liquid being filmed over the respective spheres to be aerosolized in part.
  • the particles of aerosolized liquid from one sphere are impacted against the particles dispersed from the other sphere to further reduce the particle size. While reduction in particle size is obtained in the FIG. 10 arrangement. this configuration represents an extreme because:
  • FIG. 9 discloses a highly effective means for obtaining the results desired.
  • the usual sphere with its very small opening is combined with a stationary impactor.
  • the impactor is a stationary ball or sphere 190, positioned so as to lie directly in the path of air emitted from the opening 192.
  • the liquid introduced onto the surface of the sphere is aerosolized by the emitter air and immediately is impacted against the impactor ball 190 to further reduce the size ofthe aerosolized particles.
  • the impactor on a conventional atomizer When properly placed in the droplet regime of the spray plume, the impactor on a conventional atomizer is relatively far from the discharge orifice, and at a point where the liquid particles have begun to diverge and lose momentum. As a result, many of the particles strike only a glancing blow against the impactor, and the impingement velocity is reduced, This in turn reduces the overall effectiveness of the droplet shattering process in the case of the conventional system.
  • a nebulizing unit comprising in combination, a base flask having an open top; a closure member for said flask, said closure member including at least one vertical chimney having a flaring lower end; a collar surrounding the lower end of the chimney and defining first, a support for the chimney and, secondly, with the chimney end, an annular holding reservoir; a first conduit opening into said reservoir and having a lower terminal end disposed beneath the reservoir at a point closely adjacent the bottom of the base flask; at least a second conduit opening into said holding reservoir and having one end disposed in the lowermost point thereof and the opposite end disposed below the bottom of the holding reservoir and projecting into the base flask adjacent its mouth; at least one plenum chamber having a spherical end with an aperture therein disposed within the base flask and beneath the terminal end of said second mentioned conduit; and its opposite end disposed outside of the side wall of said base flask; a branch line in communication with said plenum chamber and having a terminal end disposed adjacent the bottom
  • a nebulizer as defined in claim 1 including further heating means disposed in said base flask closely adjacent the bottom thereof.
  • a nebulizer as defined in claim 1 including, further, an adjustable valve means at the point of communication with said branch line for regulation of flow through said branch line.
  • a nebulizer defined in claim 1 including further a pair of tubular, elbow shaped connector transcending the side wall of the base flask and disposed with their vertical branches just beneath the lower portion of said spherical plenum chamber, one conduit terminating at a point spaced above the terminal end of the vertical branch of the other conduit.
  • a nebulizing device comprising a base receptacle; a pump in said base receptacle for raising liquid from said receptacle; a reservoir above said base receptacle and in communication with the outlet to receive the output of said pump and having outlet means; at least one spherical plenum chamber having an aperture therein being disposed adjacent the outlet means from said reservoir, said spherical plenum receiving the output from said outlet means on its outer surface whereby liquid discharged thereon will spread out in a thin.
  • a source of gas under pressure communicating with the interior of said spherical plenum, said gas issuing from the aperture therein, and an outlet means from said base receptacle positioned in the direction of the gas exiting through said aperture, said outlet means being sized and ported to define and ejector to draw ambient air through said outlet to comingle same with the nebulized liquid exiting from said outlet.
  • a nebulizer comprising at least one spherical plenum chamber having an opening therein, means to flood the surface of the sphere with liquid to be nebulized, means to introduce air above ambient pressure into the interior of the sphere for discharge through said opening, impactor means positioned in the path of said air discharge whereby particles of the nebulized liquid are further reduced in size by contact with said impactor.
  • a nebulizer as defined in claim 17 wherein said spherical plenum chamber is provided with a pair of openings lying in a common plane passing through the center of the spherical chamber and wherein the spacing between the openings is defined by an angle a.
  • a nebulizer comprising a source of liquid to be nebulized and an outlet for said nebulized liquid comprising a hollow spherical plenum chamber axially aligned with said outlet and having apertures therein, one of said apertures facing said outlet, the other of said apertures being diametrically opposed to discharge said parts are fabricated of a non-corrosive. nonrusting, non-permeable material having the characteristic of resistance to high temperature.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US255681A 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices Expired - Lifetime US3864326A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US255681A US3864326A (en) 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices
CA172,306A CA1034458A (en) 1972-05-22 1973-05-22 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices
JP48057105A JPS5741260B2 (ja) 1972-05-22 1973-05-22
GB2427973A GB1429516A (en) 1972-05-22 1973-05-22 Aerosol sprays
FR7318581A FR2186006A5 (ja) 1972-05-22 1973-05-22
CA266,037A CA1028211A (en) 1972-05-22 1976-11-18 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices
US05/765,724 USRE30285E (en) 1972-05-22 1977-02-04 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices
CA299,409A CA1045489A (en) 1972-05-22 1978-03-21 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices
JP56180257A JPS5923815B2 (ja) 1972-05-22 1981-11-10 噴霧器

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US255681A US3864326A (en) 1972-05-22 1972-05-22 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices

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US05/765,724 Reissue USRE30285E (en) 1972-05-22 1977-02-04 Spraying devices, in particular nebulizing devices

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US3864326A true US3864326A (en) 1975-02-04

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JP (2) JPS5741260B2 (ja)
CA (1) CA1034458A (ja)
FR (1) FR2186006A5 (ja)
GB (1) GB1429516A (ja)

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US4007238A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-02-08 Glenn Joseph G Nebulizer for use with IPPB equipment
DE2808499A1 (de) * 1977-03-08 1978-09-14 Babington Robert S Geraet zum erzeugen eines fein verteilten fluessigkeitsnebels
US4206160A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Mechanical device to produce a finely dispersed aerosol
FR2468379A1 (fr) * 1979-07-25 1981-05-08 Bard Inc C R Dispositif nebuliseur permettant de faire varier la concentration en oxygene d'un aerosol
US4298496A (en) * 1980-09-19 1981-11-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Highly stable aerosol generator
US4456179A (en) * 1978-04-28 1984-06-26 Eastfield Corporation Mist generator and housing therefor
US4743407A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Externally pressurized porous cylinder for multiple surface aerosol generation and method of generation
US4940051A (en) * 1983-12-28 1990-07-10 Huhtamki Oy Inhalation device
US5170782A (en) * 1991-09-12 1992-12-15 Devilbiss Health Care, Inc. Medicament nebulizer with improved aerosol chamber
US5277175A (en) * 1991-07-12 1994-01-11 Riggs John H Continuous flow nebulizer apparatus and method, having means maintaining a constant-level reservoir
US5304125A (en) * 1990-10-05 1994-04-19 The University Of North Carolina Apparatus for administering solid particulate aerosols to the lungs
US5355872A (en) * 1992-03-04 1994-10-18 Riggs John H Low flow rate nebulizer apparatus and method of nebulization
US5411208A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-05-02 Burgener; John A. Parallel path induction pneumatic nebulizer
US5660167A (en) * 1991-02-04 1997-08-26 Ryder; Steven L. Dual nozzle nebulizer
US20030015196A1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2003-01-23 Hodges Craig C. Aerosol forming device for use in inhalation therapy
WO2003094694A2 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 Medihale Ltd. Hand held device for inhalation therapy and method of use thereof
US20040099269A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-05-27 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US20040099266A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Stephen Cross Inhalation device for producing a drug aerosol
US20050268911A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-08 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Multiple dose condensation aerosol devices and methods of forming condensation aerosols
US20060032501A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-16 Hale Ron L Aerosol drug delivery device incorporating percussively activated heat packages
US20060237090A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2006-10-26 Prolitec, S.A. Method and device for nebulisation
US20070122353A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2007-05-31 Hale Ron L Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US20070140982A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2007-06-21 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diuretic Aerosols and Methods of Making and Using Them
US20070163575A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-19 Rojas Antonio M Jr Nebulizer
US7458374B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2008-12-02 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method and apparatus for vaporizing a compound
US7585493B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2009-09-08 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Thin-film drug delivery article and method of use
US7645442B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2010-01-12 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Rapid-heating drug delivery article and method of use
US20100006092A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2010-01-14 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol Drug Delivery Device Incorporating Percussively Activated Heat Packages
US20100258114A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-10-14 Vapotherm, Inc. Heated nebulizer devices, nebulizer systems, and methods for inhalation therapy
US8387612B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2013-03-05 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same
US8915245B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2014-12-23 Vapotherm, Inc. Nebulizer systems, apparatus and methods for respiratory therapy
US9032951B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-05-19 Trudell Medical International Aerosol delivery device
US9333317B2 (en) 2012-01-24 2016-05-10 Vapotherm, Inc. Systems and methods for providing respiratory therapy
US10036574B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-07-31 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Devices comprising a heat source material and activation chambers for the same
US10426911B2 (en) 2013-08-08 2019-10-01 Vapotherm, Inc. Respiratory therapy condensation adaptor
US10512748B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-12-24 Vapotherm, Inc. Heated nebulizer adapter for respiratory therapy
US10542777B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2020-01-28 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Apparatus for heating or cooling a material contained therein
USD894371S1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-08-25 Guardian Technologies Llc Mist inhaler
US11064725B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2021-07-20 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Material for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11241042B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2022-02-08 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US11452313B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-09-27 Nicoventures Trading Limited Apparatus for heating smokable material
US11602601B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2023-03-14 Vapotherm, Inc. Machine proximate nebulizer
US11642473B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2023-05-09 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Heating unit for use in a drug delivery device
US11659863B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2023-05-30 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11672279B2 (en) 2011-09-06 2023-06-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US11825870B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2023-11-28 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11878115B2 (en) 2019-09-26 2024-01-23 Vapotherm, Inc. Internal cannula mounted nebulizer
US11924930B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material

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Cited By (88)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4007238A (en) * 1976-02-25 1977-02-08 Glenn Joseph G Nebulizer for use with IPPB equipment
US4228795A (en) * 1977-03-08 1980-10-21 Babington Robert S Apparatus for producing finely divided liquid spray
DE2808499A1 (de) * 1977-03-08 1978-09-14 Babington Robert S Geraet zum erzeugen eines fein verteilten fluessigkeitsnebels
US4456179A (en) * 1978-04-28 1984-06-26 Eastfield Corporation Mist generator and housing therefor
US4206160A (en) * 1978-09-25 1980-06-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The Department Of Health, Education And Welfare Mechanical device to produce a finely dispersed aerosol
FR2468379A1 (fr) * 1979-07-25 1981-05-08 Bard Inc C R Dispositif nebuliseur permettant de faire varier la concentration en oxygene d'un aerosol
US4298496A (en) * 1980-09-19 1981-11-03 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Highly stable aerosol generator
US4940051A (en) * 1983-12-28 1990-07-10 Huhtamki Oy Inhalation device
US4743407A (en) * 1986-11-21 1988-05-10 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Externally pressurized porous cylinder for multiple surface aerosol generation and method of generation
US5304125A (en) * 1990-10-05 1994-04-19 The University Of North Carolina Apparatus for administering solid particulate aerosols to the lungs
US5660167A (en) * 1991-02-04 1997-08-26 Ryder; Steven L. Dual nozzle nebulizer
US5277175A (en) * 1991-07-12 1994-01-11 Riggs John H Continuous flow nebulizer apparatus and method, having means maintaining a constant-level reservoir
US5170782A (en) * 1991-09-12 1992-12-15 Devilbiss Health Care, Inc. Medicament nebulizer with improved aerosol chamber
US5355872A (en) * 1992-03-04 1994-10-18 Riggs John H Low flow rate nebulizer apparatus and method of nebulization
US5411208A (en) * 1993-12-21 1995-05-02 Burgener; John A. Parallel path induction pneumatic nebulizer
US7090830B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2006-08-15 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US20070286816A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2007-12-13 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug and excipient aerosol compositions
US9211382B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2015-12-15 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US20040099269A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2004-05-27 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US7645442B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2010-01-12 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Rapid-heating drug delivery article and method of use
US7585493B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2009-09-08 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Thin-film drug delivery article and method of use
US10350157B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2019-07-16 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US8235037B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2012-08-07 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US9440034B2 (en) 2001-05-24 2016-09-13 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US20070122353A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2007-05-31 Hale Ron L Drug condensation aerosols and kits
US20080311176A1 (en) * 2001-05-24 2008-12-18 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Drug Condensation Aerosols And Kits
US20030015196A1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2003-01-23 Hodges Craig C. Aerosol forming device for use in inhalation therapy
US20090229600A1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2009-09-17 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method Of Forming An Aerosol For Inhalation Delivery
US7942147B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2011-05-17 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol forming device for use in inhalation therapy
US8074644B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2011-12-13 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method of forming an aerosol for inhalation delivery
US20100294268A1 (en) * 2001-06-05 2010-11-25 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol Generating Method and Device
US7537009B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2009-05-26 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method of forming an aerosol for inhalation delivery
US8955512B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2015-02-17 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method of forming an aerosol for inhalation delivery
US9439907B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2016-09-13 Alexza Pharmaceutical, Inc. Method of forming an aerosol for inhalation delivery
US11065400B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2021-07-20 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol forming device for use in inhalation therapy
US7766013B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2010-08-03 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol generating method and device
US9308208B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2016-04-12 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol generating method and device
US9687487B2 (en) 2001-06-05 2017-06-27 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol forming device for use in inhalation therapy
WO2003094694A3 (en) * 2002-05-08 2004-03-18 Medihale Ltd Hand held device for inhalation therapy and method of use thereof
WO2003094694A2 (en) * 2002-05-08 2003-11-20 Medihale Ltd. Hand held device for inhalation therapy and method of use thereof
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US20090071477A1 (en) * 2002-05-13 2009-03-19 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method And Apparatus For Vaporizing A Compound
US7458374B2 (en) 2002-05-13 2008-12-02 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Method and apparatus for vaporizing a compound
US20070140982A1 (en) * 2002-11-26 2007-06-21 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diuretic Aerosols and Methods of Making and Using Them
US7981401B2 (en) 2002-11-26 2011-07-19 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Diuretic aerosols and methods of making and using them
US20040099266A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-05-27 Stephen Cross Inhalation device for producing a drug aerosol
US7913688B2 (en) 2002-11-27 2011-03-29 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Inhalation device for producing a drug aerosol
US20060237090A1 (en) * 2003-03-11 2006-10-26 Prolitec, S.A. Method and device for nebulisation
US8991387B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2015-03-31 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same
US8387612B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2013-03-05 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same
US9370629B2 (en) 2003-05-21 2016-06-21 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Self-contained heating unit and drug-supply unit employing same
US20090235926A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2009-09-24 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Multiple Dose Condensation Aerosol Devices and Methods of Forming Condensation Aerosols
US20050268911A1 (en) * 2004-06-03 2005-12-08 Alexza Molecular Delivery Corporation Multiple dose condensation aerosol devices and methods of forming condensation aerosols
US8333197B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2012-12-18 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Multiple dose condensation aerosol devices and methods of forming condensation aerosols
US7540286B2 (en) 2004-06-03 2009-06-02 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Multiple dose condensation aerosol devices and methods of forming condensation aerosols
US20100006092A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2010-01-14 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol Drug Delivery Device Incorporating Percussively Activated Heat Packages
US20060032501A1 (en) * 2004-08-12 2006-02-16 Hale Ron L Aerosol drug delivery device incorporating percussively activated heat packages
US7581540B2 (en) 2004-08-12 2009-09-01 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Aerosol drug delivery device incorporating percussively activated heat packages
US20070163575A1 (en) * 2005-12-30 2007-07-19 Rojas Antonio M Jr Nebulizer
US11642473B2 (en) 2007-03-09 2023-05-09 Alexza Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Heating unit for use in a drug delivery device
US20100258114A1 (en) * 2009-02-06 2010-10-14 Vapotherm, Inc. Heated nebulizer devices, nebulizer systems, and methods for inhalation therapy
US8561607B2 (en) * 2009-02-06 2013-10-22 Vapotherm, Inc. Heated nebulizer devices, nebulizer systems, and methods for inhalation therapy
US9032951B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2015-05-19 Trudell Medical International Aerosol delivery device
US9901690B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2018-02-27 Trudell Medical International Aerosol delivery device
US10905834B2 (en) 2010-08-24 2021-02-02 Trudell Medical International Aerosol delivery system
US9717879B2 (en) * 2010-10-07 2017-08-01 Vapotherm, Inc. Nebulizer systems, apparatus and methods for respiratory therapy
US20150157826A1 (en) * 2010-10-07 2015-06-11 Vapotherm, Inc. Nebulizer systems, apparatus and methods for respiratory therapy
US8915245B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2014-12-23 Vapotherm, Inc. Nebulizer systems, apparatus and methods for respiratory therapy
US10695524B2 (en) 2010-10-07 2020-06-30 Vapotherm, Inc. Nebulizer systems, apparatus and methods for respiratory therapy
US11672279B2 (en) 2011-09-06 2023-06-13 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US10265494B2 (en) 2012-01-24 2019-04-23 Vapotherm, Inc. Systems and methods for providing respiratory therapy
US9333317B2 (en) 2012-01-24 2016-05-10 Vapotherm, Inc. Systems and methods for providing respiratory therapy
US11439788B2 (en) * 2012-01-24 2022-09-13 Vapotherm, Inc. Systems and methods for providing respiratory therapy
US11241042B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2022-02-08 Nicoventures Trading Limited Heating smokeable material
US10036574B2 (en) 2013-06-28 2018-07-31 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Devices comprising a heat source material and activation chambers for the same
US10426911B2 (en) 2013-08-08 2019-10-01 Vapotherm, Inc. Respiratory therapy condensation adaptor
US11590312B2 (en) 2013-08-08 2023-02-28 Vapotherm, Inc. Respiratory therapy condensation adaptor
US10512748B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2019-12-24 Vapotherm, Inc. Heated nebulizer adapter for respiratory therapy
US10542777B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2020-01-28 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Apparatus for heating or cooling a material contained therein
US11064725B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2021-07-20 British American Tobacco (Investments) Limited Material for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11659863B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2023-05-30 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11924930B2 (en) 2015-08-31 2024-03-05 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US11452313B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2022-09-27 Nicoventures Trading Limited Apparatus for heating smokable material
US11825870B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2023-11-28 Nicoventures Trading Limited Article for use with apparatus for heating smokable material
US12016393B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2024-06-25 Nicoventures Trading Limited Apparatus for heating smokable material
US11602601B2 (en) 2018-05-31 2023-03-14 Vapotherm, Inc. Machine proximate nebulizer
USD894371S1 (en) 2019-03-01 2020-08-25 Guardian Technologies Llc Mist inhaler
US11878115B2 (en) 2019-09-26 2024-01-23 Vapotherm, Inc. Internal cannula mounted nebulizer

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Publication number Publication date
JPS4961986A (ja) 1974-06-15
JPS5741260B2 (ja) 1982-09-02
FR2186006A5 (ja) 1974-01-04
JPS5923815B2 (ja) 1984-06-05
CA1034458A (en) 1978-07-11
GB1429516A (en) 1976-03-24
JPS57177769A (en) 1982-11-01

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