US3863603A - Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface - Google Patents

Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface Download PDF

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Publication number
US3863603A
US3863603A US431275A US43127574A US3863603A US 3863603 A US3863603 A US 3863603A US 431275 A US431275 A US 431275A US 43127574 A US43127574 A US 43127574A US 3863603 A US3863603 A US 3863603A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
resilient polymeric
polymeric material
magnetic brush
roll
brush roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US431275A
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English (en)
Inventor
Lawrence Webb Buckley
Raymond Alex Daniels
James Dewayne Froula
Arthur Holt Knight
Dale Cliffton Stapleton
George Thomas Williams
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
International Business Machines Corp
Original Assignee
International Business Machines Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by International Business Machines Corp filed Critical International Business Machines Corp
Priority to US431275A priority Critical patent/US3863603A/en
Priority to FR7441912A priority patent/FR2257103B1/fr
Priority to CA215,044A priority patent/CA1042655A/fr
Priority to GB5365574A priority patent/GB1449393A/en
Priority to IT30510/74A priority patent/IT1027650B/it
Priority to DE19742460782 priority patent/DE2460782C3/de
Priority to JP14913574A priority patent/JPS5342419B2/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3863603A publication Critical patent/US3863603A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • G03G15/09—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer using magnetic brush
    • G03G15/0921—Details concerning the magnetic brush roller structure, e.g. magnet configuration
    • G03G15/0928—Details concerning the magnetic brush roller structure, e.g. magnet configuration relating to the shell, e.g. structure, composition

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A magnetic brush roll of an electrostatic reproduction machine is formed of a non-magnetic core with a resilient polymeric material such as polyurethane, for example, on its surface.
  • the polyurethane surface is textured to provide a desired roughness, is non-abrasive, and is abrasion resistant. Carbon is added to the polyurethane to render it conductive.
  • a magnetic brush comprising a cylindrical member or roll rotatably mounted relative to a fixed magnetic field generating means onto which multicomponent magnetic developer material is delivered.
  • the magnetic field generating means creates a magnetic field causing the magnetic developer to form in bristle-like arrays over the surface of the cylindrical member or roll as it is rotated into contact with an electrostatic latent image-bearing surface.
  • the developer material In transporting the developer material to the electrostatic latent image-bearing surface, the developer material is moved either uphill or downhill depending on how the entire machine is arranged.
  • the surface of the magnetic brush roll must be rough enough to enable the carrier particles to not slide relative thereto while being advanced uphill by the magnetic brush roll.
  • the magnetic brush roll of the aforesaid Shelffo patent provides a roughened surface, this surface lacks the desired properties of being non-abrasive and resilient.
  • the abrasive surface of the magnetic brush roll of the aforesaid Shelffo patent causes wear on the carrier particles of the developer material, particularly in the slight clearance area between the magnetic brush roll and the electrostatic latent image-bearing surface since the abrasive surface causes the carrier particles to rub against each other and against the surface of the magnetic brush roll.
  • the present invention satisfactorily solves the foregoing problems by providing a roughened surface which is both resilient and non-abrasive as well as being abrasion resistant.
  • the resilient and non-abrasive surface of the magnetic brush roll of the present invention in creases the life of the carrier particles by reducing wear of the carrier particles.
  • wear on the carrier particles is reduced not only by the non-abrasive surface of the magnetic brush roll of the present invention, but its resiliency prevents wear when the carrier particles are within the clearance area in which they tend to have the greatest rubbing relation with the magnetic brush roll and with each other.
  • the surface ofthe magnetic brush roll of the present invention is both resilient and non-abrasive. it still is rough. As a result, it provides the desired surface to enable the magnetic brush roll to advance the developer material or mix in an uphill direction so that the carrier particles, which have the toner particles thereon, are advanced to the clearance area between the magnetic brush roll and the electrostatic latent image-bearing surface.
  • the present invention provides the improved magnetic brush roll through having a resilient polymeric material secured to a non-magnetic core. Because it is necessary to have a bias on the magnetic brush roll. at least the surface of the resilient polymeric material must be conductive. In its preferred form, the resilient polymeric material of the magnetic brush roll of the present invention is homogeneous and conductive throughout.
  • An object of this invention is to provide a magnetic brush roll having a non-abrasive and resilient surface that is rough or textured.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide a magnetic brush roll having a resilient polymeric material as its surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a portion of an electrostatic reproduction machine having the magnetic brush roll of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary perspective view of a portion of one form of the magnetic brush roll of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary sectional view of another form of the magnetic brush roll of the present invention.
  • FIG. I there is shown a portion of an electrostatic reproduction machine having a photoconductor drum ll. which functions as the electrostatic latent imagebearing surface.
  • the photoconductor drum 11 is rotated clockwise by being driven from a main power source.
  • the developer material which comprises a mix of carrier particles and toner particles. is stored in a sump portion 14 of a magnetic brush developer station 15.
  • the toner particles are supplied to the sump portion 14 from a toner cartridge (not shown) by a metering cylin der (not shown) of a replenisher (not shown), which has an agitator (not shown). through an opening 16 in the magnetic brush developer station to the sump portion 14 of the magnetic brush developer station 15.
  • Counter rotating augers l7 and i8 stir the freshly added toner with the developer material in the sump portion 14 to assure complete mixing thereof as well as to enhance the triboelectric charging of the developer material.
  • the transport roll 2] surrounds a fixed drum 23 which has magnets 24 on a portion of the surface thereof to aid in holding the deveL oper material on the transport roll 21 until the developer material is advanced to a position adjacent the oppositely rotating magnetic brush roll 22.
  • the developer material As the developer material is advanced by the transport roll 21 to the magnetic brush roll 22, the developer material is attracted to the magnetic brush roll 22 by magnets 25. which are fixed and disposed within the magnetic brush roll 22.
  • the magnets 25 may be of any suitable type as long as they cause the developer material to adhere to the magnetic brush roll 22 and have a bristle-like array adjacent the photoconductor I].
  • a shaft 28 extends from the plate 27 at one end of the core 26 and is driven from a main power source by a chain passing around a sprocket on the shaft 28.
  • the transport roll 21 is driven in unison with the magnetic brush roll 22 through the same chain cooperating with a shaft 29 of the transport roll 21.
  • the other plate 27 is rotatably supported by a bearing on a fixed shaft 30 (see FIG. I) on which the magnets 25 are supported.
  • the core 26 of the magnetic brush roll has a sleeve 3] of a resilient polymeric material secured thereto.
  • the sleeve 31 has its surface textured so as to be roughened to a desired extent.
  • the roughness pattern in the sleeve 31 can be uniform or non-uniform.
  • the resilient polymeric material of the sleeve 31 is polyurethane.
  • is homogeneous and is conductive so that a desired bias can be applied to the magnetic brush roll 22. While polyurethane is not conductive. carbon is added thereto to insure that the sleeve 3] is conductive.
  • is to use Norton Company's AH299 grinding tube as a mold.
  • the tube is machined to an outer diameter of 2.4 inches and then grit blasted to produce a random. textured surface on the tube as the mold. Then.
  • DuPont 958-202 steel blue Teflon release coat is applied to the surface of the mold.
  • the mold is then dip coated twelve times within a conductive polyurethane solution with the mold being inverted after each of the dips.
  • the conductive polyurethane solution is prepared by adding one hundred parts by weight of Hughson Chemical Company's TS- l525 37 urethane lacquer resin. 8.3 parts by weight of Cabot Corporations Vulcan XC-72 conductive carbon black, parts by weight of toluene, and 100 parts by weight of isopropyl alcohol within an attritor and running the attritor at full speed for l hour.
  • the mold After each coating of the conductive polyurethane solution is formed on the mold. it is air dryed for at least l5 minutes before an additional coat is applied by dipping. After every fourth dip and after air drying, the mold is placed in an air circulating oven and allowed to dry for at least 15 minutes at F to remove any residual solvent.
  • the tensile strength of the sleeve 3] is 4,000 p.s.i. with an ultimate elongation in excess of 800 per cent.
  • the tear strength of the sleeve 31 is 330 pounds per inch thickness, and it has a hardness of 65 on a shore A durometer. Its volume resistivity is 10 ohm-cm.
  • the magnetic brush roll 22 has a surface. which is rough or textured. non-abrasive, and abrasion resistant.
  • the sleeve 3i is resilient and is conductive throughout. This permits the required bias to be applied to the magnetic brush roll 22.
  • the bead control device 32 limits the thickness of the developer material on the magnetic brush roll 22 prior to being advanced into the position adjacent the photoconductor drum H.
  • the magnetic brush developer station 15 supports a pile fabric seal 33, which is made of a material such as Kodel. for example.
  • the purpose of the seal 33, which engages the photoconductor drum H. is to prevent a toner cloud from escaping from the magnetic brush developer station 15.
  • the developer material remaining on the magnetic brush roll 22 is released after passing the last of the magnets 25 and returned to the sump portion 14 of the magnetic brush developer station l5.
  • the magnetic brush developer station l5 also sup ports a blade scraper 34, which is conductive coated Mylar, adjacent the photoconductor drum H and spaced slightly therefrom.
  • the purpose of the blade scraper 34 is to keep the toner and carrier particles from escaping from the magnetic brush developer station 15.
  • a seal 35 which is spaced slightly from the photoconductor drum 11, also is supported by the magnetic brush developer station l5 and is passed by the photoconductor drum ll after the photoconductor drum ll moves past the scraper 34.
  • the seal 35 which also is conductive coated Mylar, likewise functions to keep the toner and carrier particles from escaping from the magnetic brush developer station 15.
  • a magnetic brush roll 37 (see FIG. 3) could be employed in which the core 26 would again be used.
  • the core 26 would have a layer 38 of polyurethane without carbon thereon so that the layer 38 would not be conductive.
  • a layer 39 of polyurethane with carbon could be applied to the layer 38 by being painted thereon.
  • the layer 39 would need to be only about 0.00l inch thick.
  • the magnetic brush roll 37 would be conductive only along its surface. However, this is sufficient to provide the desired bias thereon.
  • the sleeve 3] of the magnetic brush roll 22 or the layer 38 of the magnetic brush roll 37 must be at least 0.010 inch thick and is preferably at least 0.015 inch thick. While the sleeve 31 of the magnetic brush roll 22 or the layer 39 of the magnetic brush roll 37 has a hardness of 65 on a Shore A durometer, it should be understood that either could have a hardness up to 95 on a Shore A durometer and still have sufficient resiliency.
  • resilient polymeric material has been described as being polyurethane, it should be understood that any other resilient polymeric material having the desired properties could be employed. This includes the capability of having a conductive material such as carbon, for example, added without the material losing its other desired properties of being resilient, nonabrasive. and abrasion resistant. Thus, any synthetic rubber having the properties of being resilient, nonabrasive. and abrasion resistant could be utilized, for example. The rubber could be dip-coated on a textured core of a non-magnetic material, for example, to have the desired roughness. it is necessary that any resilient polymeric material be non-abrasive and abrasion resistant as well as having a sufficient roughness to permit the developer material to have a foothold on the magnetic brush roll.
  • the roughness of the material can be within varying ranges, it is preferred that the roughness be no greater than that produced by a molding from a 50 grit sandpaper. The roughness preferably is no less than that produced by ninety grit sandpaper.
  • the material could be injection molded around a core or a sleeve could be extruded with the material having to be thermoplastic in nature to allow the desired roughness to be embossed in its surface.
  • An advantage of this invention is that it reduces the wear of the developer material. Another advantage of this invention is that it is particularly useful in moving a material uphill to an electrostatic latent imagebearing surface.
  • a rotatably mounted hollow roll including a core of non-magnetic material and a resilient polymeric material secured to said core to form the surface of said roll;
  • said resilient polymeric material having at least its surface electrically conductive
  • said resilient polymeric material having its surface non-abrasive, abrasion resistant, and rough;
  • magnetic means disposed within said core for creating a magnetic field in the path of the periphery of said roll;
  • said roll being disposed adjacent said surface on which the latent image is formed so that said roll can transport the developer material in a brush-like configuration to the surface on which the latent image is formed.
  • said resilient polymeric material is polyurethane
  • said second layer includes an electrically conductive material in said polyurethane.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Magnetic Brush Developing In Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Dry Development In Electrophotography (AREA)
US431275A 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface Expired - Lifetime US3863603A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US431275A US3863603A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface
FR7441912A FR2257103B1 (fr) 1974-01-07 1974-11-22
CA215,044A CA1042655A (fr) 1974-01-07 1974-12-02 Balal cylindrique magnetique a surface polymere elastique
GB5365574A GB1449393A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-12-11 Electrophotographic magnetic brush roller
IT30510/74A IT1027650B (it) 1974-01-07 1974-12-13 Perfezionamento alle machine elettrofotografiche
DE19742460782 DE2460782C3 (de) 1974-01-07 1974-12-21 Magnetbürstenwalze für eine elektrophotographische Entwicklungsvorrichtung
JP14913574A JPS5342419B2 (fr) 1974-01-07 1974-12-27

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US431275A US3863603A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3863603A true US3863603A (en) 1975-02-04

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US431275A Expired - Lifetime US3863603A (en) 1974-01-07 1974-01-07 Magnetic brush roll having resilient polymeric surface

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3863603A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5342419B2 (fr)
CA (1) CA1042655A (fr)
FR (1) FR2257103B1 (fr)
GB (1) GB1449393A (fr)
IT (1) IT1027650B (fr)

Cited By (75)

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US3945342A (en) * 1973-11-08 1976-03-23 Xerox Corporation Magnetic brush support member
US3959574A (en) * 1974-04-26 1976-05-25 Xerox Corporation Biasable member and method for making
US3959573A (en) * 1974-04-26 1976-05-25 Xerox Corporation Biasable member and method for making
US3991711A (en) * 1972-10-11 1976-11-16 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrostatic duplicating method and apparatus utilizing wet-developing
US4003334A (en) * 1975-11-11 1977-01-18 Speed-O-Print Business Machines Corporation Developer roller for electrostatic copier
US4014291A (en) * 1976-01-26 1977-03-29 Nashua Corporation Image developing system
FR2328996A1 (fr) * 1975-10-22 1977-05-20 Xerox Corp Dispositif de developpement perfectionne et son application a une machine d'impression electrophotographique
US4026241A (en) * 1974-06-04 1977-05-31 Minolta Camera Kabushiki Kaisha Magnetic brush developing device for use in electrophotographic copying apparatus
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EP2003941A2 (fr) 2007-06-14 2008-12-17 manroland AG Composants fonctionnels fabriqués selon une technique d'impression
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JPS58203207A (ja) * 1982-05-21 1983-11-26 日立金属株式会社 ねじ取付部の構造
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Cited By (91)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3991711A (en) * 1972-10-11 1976-11-16 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Electrostatic duplicating method and apparatus utilizing wet-developing
US3945342A (en) * 1973-11-08 1976-03-23 Xerox Corporation Magnetic brush support member
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2257103B1 (fr) 1976-10-22
JPS5342419B2 (fr) 1978-11-11
GB1449393A (en) 1976-09-15
DE2460782A1 (de) 1975-07-10
CA1042655A (fr) 1978-11-21
FR2257103A1 (fr) 1975-08-01
IT1027650B (it) 1978-12-20
DE2460782B2 (de) 1976-07-22
JPS50115040A (fr) 1975-09-09

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