US3861154A - Tunnelling - Google Patents

Tunnelling Download PDF

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Publication number
US3861154A
US3861154A US216957A US21695772A US3861154A US 3861154 A US3861154 A US 3861154A US 216957 A US216957 A US 216957A US 21695772 A US21695772 A US 21695772A US 3861154 A US3861154 A US 3861154A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
fishplate
block
blocks
shell
rings
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US216957A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edwin Frank Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CELMAC AG
Original Assignee
CELMAC AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CELMAC AG filed Critical CELMAC AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3861154A publication Critical patent/US3861154A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/385—Sealing means positioned between adjacent lining members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/05—Lining with building materials using compressible insertions
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/08—Lining with building materials with preformed concrete slabs
    • E21D11/083—Methods or devices for joining adjacent concrete segments

Definitions

  • This invention concerns improvements in or relating to tunnels, shafts and the like of concrete or like material, most preferably located in soft earth.
  • Such tunnels are formed of a succession of rings joined end-to-end, each ring comprising interlock-ing prefabricated segmental blocks.
  • Each ring is built up in the tunnel bore around a metal former and sealing material is located between adjacent segmental blocks and between adjacent rings. After one ring has been built up the former is removed, cleaned and then used to build the next.
  • the invention is based upon the realisation that the sealing means between adjacent rings may be adapted to secure adjacent segmental blocks together and the assembly of a tunnel, shaft or the like simplified.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to provide a lining for a tunnel, shaft or the like comprising a series of rings joined in end-to-end relation wherein each ring comprises a plurality of segmental blocks connected together in side-by-side relation by at least one resiliently deformable fishplate which is secured to the blocks and wherein each ring is connected to an adjacent ring by bolts, each bolt passing through at least a portion of one block of each of two adjacent rings and serving to compress the or each fishplate located between said rings.
  • each of the segmental blocks has a groove or recess extending between the block sides into which groove part of a fishplate may be fitted.
  • the fishplate is preferably so dimensioned that when compressed it substantially covers the block end wall to present a force-receiving body to receive the jacks used to urge adjacent rings together.
  • each side wall of the segmental blocks has an inwardly directed recess arranged such that when such blocks are abutted together in side-byside relation the recesses define a channel for the reception of a deformable sealing rod.
  • each segmental block most preferably comprises a shell formed of water-proof chemically inert deformable material, above all a shell molded of a light-weight plastics material, which is filled on site with structural material, for example a concrete or synthetic resin.
  • a further object of the invention provides, for use in a lining for a tunnel, shaft or the like, a shell made of water-proof chemically inert deformable material and comprising a base having a pair of side walls and a pair of end walls defining a cavity for receiving structural material, each side wall having an inwardly directed recess extending substantially the length of the side wall and each end wall having a groove adapted to receive part of a fishplate to secure the shell to another such shell in side-by-side relation.
  • FIG. 1 is an end view of an assembled lining ring
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation showing the interconnection of segmental blocks of adjacent rings.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a shell for use in making a segmental block.
  • the tunnel comprises a succession of rings I joined in end-to-end relation.
  • Each ring 1 comprises eight segmental blocks 2 joined in side-by-side relation.
  • Each segmental block is of generally rectangular shape having opposite pairs of end walls 3 and side walls 4.
  • Each end wall 3 has a groove 5 of generally channel form extending between the block sides.
  • the base 6 of the channel shape groove 5 has spaced apart bolt holes 7, two (7a) of which are slightly deeper than the others.
  • a fishplate 8 formed of resiliently deformable material eg acrylonitrile butadiene styrene comprises an elongate rod of generally rectangular cross-section and is dimensioned so that a rearward portion of the fishplate may be received in the groove 5.
  • the fishplate 8 may have holes for the reception of bolts not shown and, as can be seen in FIG. 1, conveniently wider than one block so as to bridge adjacent blocks.
  • the side walls 4 of the block each have a recess 9 of concave form extending the length of the block so that when two blocks are abutted in side-by-side relation the facing recesses define a tube to receive a deformable sealing rod 10.
  • a block 2 is located on the floor of the hole.
  • a second block is then located alongside the first and a fishplate 8 is bolted into the groove 5 of both blocks to secure them together.
  • the process is repeated until the ring is built up, in each case fishplates being used to secure adjacent blocks together.
  • Fishplates are preferably used in the groove in one end wall only of the blocks.
  • Jacks, not shown are then applied to the ring to urge it down the tunnel hole and in doing this the fishplates receive the force of the jack so protecting the end wall of the block while the fishplates on the adjacent ring further down the tunnel are compressed between the adjacent rings to form a flexible seal.
  • the ring may be grouted in position in a conventional manner like that disclosed in British Pat. No. 1,315,133. The process is then repeated until all the rings have been made and the tunnel is complete. Adjacent rings may be secured together using steel bolts 11, FIG. 2, received in the bolt holes 7 a.
  • the blocks 2 are preferably made on site using a shell 12 of FIG. 3.
  • the shell is factory molded of a plastics material and comprises a base 13 reinforced by ribs 14 and has end walls 3 and side walls 4 suitably relieved to define the grooves 5 with bolt holes 7 and the recesses 9.
  • Such shells may cheaply be transported to site since they are light in weight and resistant to breakage.
  • a structural material 15, such as concrete, synthetic resin and aggregate, is poured into the shell cavity to form the desired segmental block. Once the block is made it may readily be taken down the tunnel hole for assembly.
  • the block is preferably provided with a plastics lid to cover the structural material and provide the inner wall of the lining with a smooth surface.
  • the fishplates may be of any length from about one half of the length of a block to constituting a complete ring. In the latter case, a single fishplate of this kind will normally only be suitable for use in shaft linings or in small diameter tunnels.
  • the rings will be from 5 to 32 feet in diameter. If desired, the blocks may be used to form incomplete rings to define a water course, drainage channel or the like.
  • a lining for a tunnel, shaft or the like comprising a series of rings joined in end-to-end relation, each of said rings including a portion comprising at least two segmental blocks having sidewalls which are securely connected together during the assembly of said portion in a side-by-side relation by at least one unitary, preformed and resiliently deformable fishplate, each of said blocks having two arcuate end walls, said one unitary fishplate bridging said blocks by lying along and being connected to one of said end walls of one block and lying along and being connected to the corresponding arcuate end wall of the immediately adjacent block and compression means being provided to connect each ring to an adjacent ring, each of said compression means passing through at least a portion of an end wall of one block and a portion of an end wall of the corresponding block of the adjacent ring and serving to compress the fishplate located between said portions, whereby said fishplate seals the space between adjacent portions to prevent the ingress of water into said tunnel.
  • a lining as claimed in claim 1, in which a recess is provided in at least one end wall of each block, said recess being adapted to receive part of a fishplate.
  • each fishplate is so dimensioned that, when compressed. it substantially covers the respective end wall.
  • each of said blocks include two sidewalls in which an inwardly directed recess is provided and resiliently deformable sealing rods are arranged to be received in said recesses between the sides of adjacent blocks.
  • each block comprises a shell formed of water-proof, chemically inert plastic material, said shell being filled with structural material.
  • each of said rings including a portion comprising at least two segmental blocks having sidewalls which are securely connected together during the assembly of said portion in a side-by-side relationship by at least one unitary preformed and resiliently deformable fishplate, each ofsaid blocks having two arcuate end walls, said one unitary fishplate bridging said blocks by being connected to one end wall of one block and the corresponding end wall of the immediately adjacent block, said shell being of a substantially water-proof, chemically inert plastic material and comprising a base having a pair of side walls and a pair of arcuate walls defining a mold cavity for receiving unset concrete material therein, each side wall having an inwardly directed recess extending substantially the length of the side wall and each arcuate end wall having a groove adapted to receive a part of said unitary fishplate to enable said fishplate to be secured to said shell, whereupon said fishplate serves to secure
  • a shell as claimed in claim 7, and including cover means adapted to fit over said mold cavity.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
US216957A 1971-01-11 1972-01-11 Tunnelling Expired - Lifetime US3861154A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB122971A GB1381292A (en) 1971-01-11 1971-01-11 Tunnelling

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3861154A true US3861154A (en) 1975-01-21

Family

ID=9718367

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US216957A Expired - Lifetime US3861154A (en) 1971-01-11 1972-01-11 Tunnelling

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3861154A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) ATA21172A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU3777172A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE777894A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (2) CH542323A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2200801A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (2) ES398722A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2121698B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1381292A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT948168B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ZA (1) ZA72149B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5439319A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-08-08 Carlisle Coatings & Water Proofing, Incorporated Tunnel barrier system and method of installing the same
RU2132907C1 (ru) * 1998-06-04 1999-07-10 Дирекция строящегося метрополитена Обделка тоннеля
US6328501B1 (en) * 1997-10-07 2001-12-11 Tarmac Heavy Building Materials Uk Limited Method of manufacturing a tunnel or shaft lining or pipeline
EP1571292A1 (de) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-07 PECOTEC Verwaltungs GmbH Kunststoff-beschichteter Betontübbing
CN101319505B (zh) * 2008-06-12 2010-06-09 徐州工程学院 具有吸能防水与抗压功能的人防洞室
US20110008108A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Clevenger Clifford O Structure and method for manhole wall sealing
US20120301224A1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2012-11-29 Marc Peters Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element
US20140086686A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Darrell J. Sanders Low profile mine shaft liner plate system and method
JP2015168986A (ja) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-28 Ｊｆｅ建材株式会社 コンクリート中詰鋼製セグメント製造用治具
US20170175527A1 (en) * 2014-05-06 2017-06-22 Trelleborg Ridderkerk B.V. Method for Producing a Construction Element, in Particular a Tunnel Element, Having a Watertight Seal
WO2019147840A1 (en) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Hyperloop Technologies, Inc. Tunnel system
US11131189B2 (en) * 2018-11-29 2021-09-28 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Underground support

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2415193A1 (fr) * 1978-01-20 1979-08-17 Louis Claude Elements de soutenement pour ouvrages de travaux publics, tels que galeries, tunnels, puits, tranchees..
AT381562B (de) * 1983-08-05 1986-11-10 Maculan Alexander Dipl Ing Dr Seitenschalung zur herstellung vorzugsweise plattenfoermiger stahlbetonfertigteile
GB2149833B (en) * 1983-11-18 1986-03-26 Coal Ind Cast concrete segments and assemblies comprising such segments
EP0355089B1 (en) * 1987-01-30 1993-06-16 Danby Pty Ltd Method of renovating and/or protecting sewers and pipes
AT396711B (de) * 1991-07-22 1993-11-25 Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing Stollen- oder tunnelausbau
EP0557268B1 (de) * 1992-02-21 1997-01-08 "MAYREDER" BAUHOLDING GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Verfahren zum Herstellen langer Tunnel in Tübbingbauweise
AT397543B (de) * 1992-02-21 1994-04-25 Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing Tunnelausbau in tübbingbauweise
AT397983B (de) * 1992-05-29 1994-08-25 Mayreder Kraus & Co Ing Tunnelausbau in tübbingbauweise
CN108571328B (zh) * 2018-06-29 2023-08-04 西南交通大学 一种地层交界段盾构隧道管片衬砌结构及设计方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US852916A (en) * 1906-05-22 1907-05-07 Henry Japp Tunnel-segment.
US852891A (en) * 1906-07-06 1907-05-07 Pearson & Son Inc S Means for lining tunnels.
US935376A (en) * 1909-03-20 1909-09-28 Alfred Lennon Air and water tight joint for tunnels and similar structures.
US1004288A (en) * 1911-01-04 1911-09-26 Thomas Malcolm Mcalpine Means for building and reinforcing the walls of tunnels, shafts, and the like.
US1398968A (en) * 1920-04-03 1921-12-06 George W Jackson & Fitzpatrick Supporting-form for concrete and masonry structures
US1889563A (en) * 1930-12-16 1932-11-29 John F O'rourke Tunnel or conduit lining
US3483706A (en) * 1967-06-19 1969-12-16 Commercial Shearing Shaft and tunnel lining
US3601995A (en) * 1967-12-12 1971-08-31 Hoesch Ag Shoring construction
US3695044A (en) * 1969-04-12 1972-10-03 Masahiro Hoshino Sealing method of sealed segments of a tunnel

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE941783C (de) * 1952-10-14 1956-04-19 Wilhelm Bienhuels Tuebbing-Schachtausbau
GB1034303A (en) * 1964-03-03 1966-06-29 Spun Concrete Ltd Improvements in or relating to linings for tunnels and shafts

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US852916A (en) * 1906-05-22 1907-05-07 Henry Japp Tunnel-segment.
US852891A (en) * 1906-07-06 1907-05-07 Pearson & Son Inc S Means for lining tunnels.
US935376A (en) * 1909-03-20 1909-09-28 Alfred Lennon Air and water tight joint for tunnels and similar structures.
US1004288A (en) * 1911-01-04 1911-09-26 Thomas Malcolm Mcalpine Means for building and reinforcing the walls of tunnels, shafts, and the like.
US1398968A (en) * 1920-04-03 1921-12-06 George W Jackson & Fitzpatrick Supporting-form for concrete and masonry structures
US1889563A (en) * 1930-12-16 1932-11-29 John F O'rourke Tunnel or conduit lining
US3483706A (en) * 1967-06-19 1969-12-16 Commercial Shearing Shaft and tunnel lining
US3601995A (en) * 1967-12-12 1971-08-31 Hoesch Ag Shoring construction
US3695044A (en) * 1969-04-12 1972-10-03 Masahiro Hoshino Sealing method of sealed segments of a tunnel

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5439319A (en) * 1993-08-12 1995-08-08 Carlisle Coatings & Water Proofing, Incorporated Tunnel barrier system and method of installing the same
US6328501B1 (en) * 1997-10-07 2001-12-11 Tarmac Heavy Building Materials Uk Limited Method of manufacturing a tunnel or shaft lining or pipeline
RU2132907C1 (ru) * 1998-06-04 1999-07-10 Дирекция строящегося метрополитена Обделка тоннеля
EP1571292A1 (de) * 2004-03-04 2005-09-07 PECOTEC Verwaltungs GmbH Kunststoff-beschichteter Betontübbing
CN101319505B (zh) * 2008-06-12 2010-06-09 徐州工程学院 具有吸能防水与抗压功能的人防洞室
US20110008108A1 (en) * 2009-07-07 2011-01-13 Clevenger Clifford O Structure and method for manhole wall sealing
US20120301224A1 (en) * 2010-01-12 2012-11-29 Marc Peters Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element
US9388691B2 (en) * 2010-01-12 2016-07-12 Herrenknecht Ag Protective element, concrete element, and method for producing a concrete element
US20140086686A1 (en) * 2012-09-21 2014-03-27 Darrell J. Sanders Low profile mine shaft liner plate system and method
JP2015168986A (ja) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-28 Ｊｆｅ建材株式会社 コンクリート中詰鋼製セグメント製造用治具
US20170175527A1 (en) * 2014-05-06 2017-06-22 Trelleborg Ridderkerk B.V. Method for Producing a Construction Element, in Particular a Tunnel Element, Having a Watertight Seal
US10018043B2 (en) * 2014-05-06 2018-07-10 Trelleborg Ridderkerk B.V. Method for producing a construction element, in particular a tunnel element, having a watertight seal
WO2019147840A1 (en) * 2018-01-24 2019-08-01 Hyperloop Technologies, Inc. Tunnel system
US10731462B2 (en) 2018-01-24 2020-08-04 Hyperloop Technologies, Inc. Tunnel system
US11131189B2 (en) * 2018-11-29 2021-09-28 Fci Holdings Delaware, Inc. Underground support

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA72149B (en) 1972-09-27
BE777894A (fr) 1972-05-02
FR2121698A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-08-25
CH545888A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-15
AU3777172A (en) 1973-07-12
CH542323A (de) 1973-09-30
ES398722A1 (es) 1975-06-01
ATA21172A (de) 1976-12-15
GB1381292A (en) 1975-01-22
IT948168B (it) 1973-05-30
DE2200801A1 (de) 1972-07-20
ES202226U (es) 1975-11-01
ES202226Y (es) 1976-02-16
FR2121698B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-10-29

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